Tripartite Linear Relationships Among Job Satisfaction, Organisational Commitment, and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour in Non-Western Settings: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis

There is substantial evidence indicating a positive linear relationship among job satisfaction (JS), organisational commitment (OC), and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), with OC often serving as a mediating variable. The interaction among these constructs has garnered significant attention in organisational behaviour research due to its potential to enhance workplace dynamics and overall performance. However, discrepancies exist in the findings regarding the role of commitment and the nonlinear or reciprocal interrelations among these variables, as not all studies agree on the mediating or predictive capacity of OC and the unidirectionality of these latent variables. This underscores the necessity for a comprehensive meta-analysis and meta-regression, which will be conducted using R to quantify effect sizes and address existing inconsistencies. This analysis examines the linear relationship among JS, OC, and OCB in non-Western cultural contexts, addressing a literature gap. A total of 38 studies were analysed, encompassing 8,116 observations. Meta-analyses in R found correlations for random effect models: (JS-OCB) 0.414, (JS-OC) 0.463, and (OC-OCB) 0.410, indicating a moderate positive relationship. Heterogeneity statistics showed significant variability and genuine heterogeneity, and a funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression confirmed publication bias. Subgroup analysis suggested further investigation of moderators to clarify their influence on outcomes. Meta-regression explored the moderating effects of sample size. This study provides valuable insights and has impactful potential for researchers and practitioners, establishing a foundation for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing organisational effectiveness across diverse contexts. Additionally, it enhances the understanding of the strength of these interrelationships.