Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Comparison of contents of sugars, organic acids and free amino acids in raisins obtained from Gök Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) Cover

Comparison of contents of sugars, organic acids and free amino acids in raisins obtained from Gök Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.)

Open Access
|Jan 2026

References

  1. Akin, A. 2011: Effects of cluster reduction, herbagreen and humic acid applications on grape yield and quality of Horoz Karasi and Gök üzüm grape cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(29): 5593-5600.
  2. Anderson, J. W., Waters, A. R. 2013: Raisin consumption by humans: effects on glycemia and insulinemia and cardiovascular risk factors. Journal of food science, 78 (s1): A11-A17.
  3. Aristoy, M. C., Toldra, F. 1991: Deproteinization techniques for HPLC amino acid analysis in fresh pork muscle and dry-cured ham. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 39(10): 1792-1795.
  4. Ates, F., Kaya, O., Keskin, N., Turan, M. 2022: Biogenic amines in raisins of one vintage year: Influence of two chemical pre-treatments (dipping in oak ash solution or potassium carbonate solution). Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 72(1): 51-59.
  5. Bevilacqua, A. E., Califano, A. N. 1989: Determination of organic acids in dairy products by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Food Science, 54(4): 1076-1076.
  6. Carranza-Concha, J., Benlloch, M., Camacho, M. M., Martínez-Navarrete, N. 2012: Effects of drying and pretreatment on the nutritional and functional quality of raisins. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 90(2): 243-248.
  7. Carughi, A., Feeney, M. J., Kris-Etherton, P., Fulgoni V., Kendall, C. W., Bulló, M., Webb, D. 2016: Pairing nuts and dried fruit for cardiometabolic health. Nutrition journal, 15(1): 1-13.
  8. Coelho, E. M., da Silva Padilha, C. V., Miskinis, G. A., de Sá, A. G. B., Pereira, G. E., de Azevêdo, L. C., dos Santos Lima, M. 2018: Simultaneous analysis of sugars and organic acids in wine and grape juices by HPLC: Method validation and characterization of products from northeast Brazil. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 66: 160-167.
  9. Ehling, S., Cole, S. 2011: Analysis of organic acids in fruit juices by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry: an enhanced tool for authenticity testing. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 59(6): 2229-2234.
  10. Esmaiili, M., Sotudeh-Gharebagh, R., Cronin, K., Mousavi, M. A. E., Rezazadeh, G. 2007: Grape drying: a review. Food Reviews International, 23(3): 257-280.
  11. Franco, M., Peinado, R. A., Medina, M., Moreno, J. 2004: Off-vine grape drying effect on volatile compounds and aromatic series in must from Pedro Ximénez grape variety. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(12): 3905-3910.
  12. Gary, W., Arianna, C., 2010: Polyphenol content and health benefits of raisins. Nutrition Research, 30(8): 511-519.
  13. Ghrairi, F., Lahouar, L., Brahmi, F., Ferchichi, A., Achour, L., Said, S. 2013: Physicochemical composition of different varieties of raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) from Tunisia. Industrial crops and products, 43: 73-77.
  14. Huang, Z., Ough, C. S. 1991: Amino acid profiles of commercial grape juices and wines. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 42(3): 261-267.
  15. Kallithraka, S., Arvanitoyannis, I., El-Zajouli, A., Kefalas, P. 2001: The application of an improved method for trans-resveratrol to determine the origin of Greek red wines. Food Chemistry, 75(3): 355-363.
  16. Kalkan, N. N., Karadoğan, B., Kadioğlu, Z., Esmek, İ., Albayrak, S., Kaya, O. 2022a: Response of Karaerik Grape Cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.) to Two Training Systems and Three Trunk Heights. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 64(Suppl 1): 119-127.
  17. Kalkan, N. N., Bozkurt, A., Gecim, T., Karadogan, B., Bahar, E., Kaya, O. 2022: Influence of pruning severity in the table grape variety ‘Karaerik’ (Vitis vinifera L.). Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 72(2): 137-145.
  18. Kaya, Ö. 2019: Effect of manual leaf removal and its timing on yield, the presence of lateral shoots and cluster characteristics with the grape variety ‘Karaerik’. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 69(2): 83-92.
  19. Kaya, Ö. 2020: Defoliation alleviates cold-induced oxidative damage in dormant buds of grapevine by up-regulating soluble carbohydrates and decreasing ROS. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 42(7): 106.
  20. Keskin, N., Kunter, B., Çelik, H., Kaya, O., Keskin, S. 2021: ANOM approach for the statistical evaluation of organic acid contents of clones of the grape variety ‘Kalecik Karası’. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 71(2): 126-138.
  21. Keskin, N., Kunter, B., Celik, H., Kaya, O., Keskin, S. 2022: Evaluation of Clonal Variability of Berry Phenolics in Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Kalecik Karası. Erwerbs-Obstbau 64 (Suppl 1): 65-72.
  22. Kliewer, W. M. 1969: Free amino acids and other nitrogenous substances of table grape varieties. Journal of food science, 34(3): 274-278.
  23. Lago-Vanzela, E. S., Da-Silva, R., Gomes, E., García-Romero, E., & Hermosin-Gutierrez, I. 2011: Phenolic composition of the edible parts (flesh and skin) of Bordô grape (Vitis labrusca) using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(24): 13136-13146.
  24. Lee, C., Shallenberger, R., Vittum, M., 1970: Free sugars in fruits and vegetables. New York’s food and life sciences bulletin, 1: 1-12.
  25. Ma, C., Sun, Z., Chen, C., Zhang, L., Zhu, S. 2014: Simultaneous separation and determination of fructose, sorbitol, glucose and sucrose in fruits by HPLC-ELSD. Food chemistry, 145: 784-788.
  26. Sarimento, R., Villegas, A., Mazuelos, C., García, J. L., Troncoso, A. 1992: Influence of the nitrogen source and concentration on N fractions and free amino acid levels of grape vine explants. Plant and soil, 144(2): 255-258.
  27. Sério, S., Rivero-Pérez, M. D., Correia, A. C., Jordão, A. M., González-San José, M. L. 2014: Analysis of commercial grape raisins: phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and radical scavenger activity. Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola, 29(1): 1-8.
  28. do Nascimento Silva, F. L., Schmidt, E. M., Messias, C. L., Eberlin, M. N., Sawaya, A. C. H. F. 2015: Quantitation of organic acids in wine and grapes by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Methods, 7(1): 53-62.
  29. Şimşek, A., Artık, N., Baspinar, E. 2004: Detection of raisin concentrate (Pekmez) adulteration by regression analysis method. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 17(2): 155-163.
  30. Soyer, Y., Koca, N., Karadeniz, F. 2003: Organic acid profile of Turkish white grapes and grape juices. Journal of food composition and analysis, 16(5): 629-636.
  31. Sellappan, S., Akoh, C. C., Krewer, G. 2002: Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Georgia-grown blueberries and blackberries. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 50(8): 2432-2438.
  32. Tabeshpour, J., Mehri, S., Shaebani Behbahani, F., Hosseinzadeh, H. 2018: Protective effects of Vitis vinifera (grapes) and one of its biologically active constituents, resveratrol, against natural and chemical toxicities: A comprehensive review. Phytotherapy research, 32(11): 2164-2190.
  33. Vasilopoulou, E., Trichopoulou, A. 2014: Greek raisins: a traditional nutritious delicacy. Journal of Berry Research, 4(3): 117-125.
  34. Young, G. T. 1974: Amino-acids, Peptides and Proteins (Vol. 5) - London: The Chemical Society, 1974
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mittklbg-2023-0006 | Journal eISSN: 3061-063X | Journal ISSN: 3061-0621
Language: English
Page range: 98 - 113
Published on: Jan 8, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Sinem KARAKUS, Fadime ATES, Nurhan KESKIN, Metin TURAN, Ozkan KAYA, published by High School and Federal Office of Viticulture and Pomology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.