Beyond Qualification: A Video-Stimulated Interview Study on What Group Discussion of Audit and Feedback Adds to Professional Development in General Practice
References
- Sargeant J, Wong BM, Campbell CM. CPD of the future: a partnership between quality improvement and competency-based education. Med Educ. 2018;52(1):125–135. DOI: 10.1111/medu.13407
- Allen LM, Balmer D, Varpio L. Physicians’ lifelong learning journeys: A narrative analysis of continuing professional development struggles. Med Educ; 2024. DOI: 10.1111/medu.15375
- Wiese A, Galvin E, Korotchikova I, Bennett D. Doctors’ attitudes to maintenance of professional competence: A scoping review. Med Educ. 2022;56(4):374–386. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14678
- van der Winden D, van Dijk N, Visser MRM, Bont J. Walking the line between assessment, improvement and learning: a qualitative study on opportunities and risks of incorporating peer discussion of audit and feedback within quality improvement in general practice. BMJ open. 2023;13(1):
e066793 . DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066793 - Ivers N, Yogasingam S, Lacroix M, Brown KA, Antony J, Soobiah C, et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2025(3). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000259.pub4
- Colquhoun H, Michie S, Sales A, Ivers N, Grimshaw JM, Carroll K. Reporting and design elements of audit and feedback interventions: a secondary review. BMJ Qual Saf. 2017;26. DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-005004
- Ivers N, Jamtvedt G, Flottorp S, Young JM, Odgaard-Jensen J, French SD, et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2012(6):
CD000259 . DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000259.pub3 - Ivers NM. Optimizing audit and feedback interventions to improve quality in primary care. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2015;75(11):No Pagination Specified.
- Ivers N, Jamtvedt G, Flottorp S, Young JM, Odgaard-Jensen J, French SD. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2012;6. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000259.pub3
- Brown B, Gude WT, Blakeman T, van der Veer SN, Ivers N, Francis JJ, et al. Clinical Performance Feedback Intervention Theory (CP-FIT): a new theory for designing, implementing, and evaluating feedback in health care based on a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Implementation Science. 2019;14(1):
40 . DOI: 10.1186/s13012-019-0883-5 - Sargeant J, Mann K, Manos S, Epstein I, Warren A, Shearer C, et al. R2C2 in Action: Testing an Evidence-Based Model to Facilitate Feedback and Coaching in Residency. J Grad Med Educ. 2017;9(2):165–170. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-16-00398.1
- Cooke LJ, Duncan D, Rivera L, Dowling SK, Symonds C, Armson H. How do physicians behave when they participate in audit and feedback activities in a group with their peers? Implementation Science. 2018;13(1):
104 . DOI: 10.1186/s13012-018-0796-8 - Biesta G. Beyond Learning: Democratic Education for a Human Future. Paradigm Publishers; 2006.
- Biesta GJJ, Biesta G. The Beautiful Risk of Education. Paradigm Publishers; 2014. DOI: 10.4324/9781315635866
- Suarez D, Sawatsky A. Navigating identity dissonance: subjectification to balance socialization. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract; 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s10459-024-10356-w
- Nederland H. Landelijk opleidingsplan Huisartsgeneeskunde. Available from:
https://www.huisartsopleiding.nl/de-opleiding/landelijk-opleidingsplan/ . - O’Brien BC, Collins S, Haddock LM, Sani S, Rivera JA. More Than Maintaining Competence: A Qualitative Study of How Physicians Conceptualize and Engage in Lifelong Learning. Perspectives on Medical Education; 2024. DOI: 10.5334/pme.1327
- Sherman L, Samar A, Ricardo L-B, Kuang M, David YD-Y, and Chappell K. An overview of global CME/CPD systems. Medical Teacher. 2024;46(11):1428–1440. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2024.2373879
- Toews H, Pearce J, Tavares W. Recasting Assessment in Continuing Professional Development as a Person-Focused Activity. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2023;43(4S):S35–S40. DOI: 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000538
- van Braak M, de Groot E, Veen M, Welink L, Giroldi E. Eliciting tacit knowledge: The potential of a reflective approach to video-stimulated interviewing. Perspectives on medical education. 2018;7(6):386–393. DOI: 10.1007/S40037-018-0487-9
- KNMG. Available from:
https://www.knmg.nl/opleiding-herregistratie-carriere/herregistratie/herregistratie-eisen-1/herregistratie-eisen-per-specialismegroep/huisartsen-1.htm . - Dicicco-Bloom B, Crabtree BF. The qualitative research interview. Med Educ. 2006;40(4):314–321. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x
- Braun V, Clarke V. Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. SAGE Publications; 2021. DOI: 10.4135/9781036232078.n9
- Verbi.
MAXQDA 2022 . Berlin: Verbi Software; 2021. - Coelho DP, Ham M, Jones S-L. Understanding Biesta’s three purposes of education: A framework proposal. British Educational Research Journal. 2025;51:2536–2554. 10.1002/berj.4155
- Braun V, Clarke V. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2021;18(3):328–352. DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238
- Varpio L, Paradis E, Uijtdehaage S, Young M. The Distinctions Between Theory, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework. Academic Medicine. 2020;95(7). DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003075
- Young M, Varpio L, Uijtdehaage S, Paradis E. The Spectrum of Inductive and Deductive Research Approaches Using Quantitative and Qualitative Data. Academic Medicine. 2020;95(7):
1122 . DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003101 - Bandura A. Social learning theory. New Jersey: PRENTICEHALL. INC Englewood cliffs. 1977.
- Dow A, Thibault G. Interprofessional Education – A Foundation for a New Approach to Health Care. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(9):803–805. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1705665
- Gilbert JH, Yan J, Hoffman SJ. A WHO report: framework for action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Journal of allied health. 2010;39(3):196–197.
- Brown MEL, Finn GM. When I say… socialisation. Medical Education. 2021;55(7):780–781. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14469
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/pme.1954 | Journal eISSN: 2212-277X
Language: English
Page range: 1073 - 1084
Submitted on: Jun 19, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 11, 2026
Published on: Oct 12, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2026 Dorien van der Winden, Mana Nasori, Marianne Mak-van der Vossen, Nynke van Dijk, Marije van Braak, Jettie Bont, Mechteld Visser, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.