Integrative review of resin-based dental pit and fissure sealants: Composition analysis and a novel categorization proposal
References
- Ramamurthy, P., Rath, A., Sidhu, P., Fernandes, B., Nettem, S., Fee, P.A., et al. Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2022, 2022: CD012981. 10.1002/14651858.CD012981.pub2
- Alirezaei, M., Bagherian, A., Sarraf Shirazi, A., Glass ionomer cements as fissure sealing materials: Yes or no? J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 2018;149: 640–649.e9. 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.02.001
- Piszko, A., Marcula, J., Piszko, P.J., Nikodem, A., Szymonowicz, M.K., Dobrzyński, M., Physico-chemical properties and composition govern adhesion of resin-based dental fissure sealants: A preliminary in vitro study, Polym. Med. 2025;55:89–103. 10.17219/pim/210966
- Naaman, R., El-Housseiny, A., Alamoudi, N., The use of pit and fissure sealants—a literature review, Dent. J., 2017, 5: 34. 10.3390/dj5040034
- Piszko, A., Piszko, P.J., Lubojański, A., Grzebieluch, W., Szymonowicz, M., Dobrzyński, M., Brief narrative review on commercial dental sealants—comparison with respect to their composition and potential modifications, Materials, 2023, 16: 6453. 10.3390/MA16196453
- Chestnutt, I.G., Are fluoride-containing sealants more effective than non-fluoride sealants? Evidence-based Dent., 2019, 20: 12–13. 10.1038/s41432-019-0019-4
- Vervliet, P., de Nys, S., Boonen, I., Duca, R.C., Elskens, M., van Landuyt, K.L., et al. Qualitative analysis of dental material ingredients, composite resins and sealants using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2018, 1576: 90–100. 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.039
- Whittemore, R., Knafl, K., The integrative review: Updated methodology, J. Adv. Nurs., 2005, 52: 546–553. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
- Torraco, R.J., Writing integrative literature reviews: Guidelines and examples, Hum. Resour. Dev. Rev., 2005, 4: 356–367. 10.1177/1534484305278283
- Stelmaszczyk, N., Archive of grey literature references for the presented study, 2025. https://archive.org/details/archived-references-pit-and-fissure-sealants (accessed November 13, 2025)
- R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R: A language and environment for statistical computing, 2024. https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed October 22, 2025)
- Vegan: Community ecology package, 2025. https://github.com/vegandevs/vegan (accessed October 22, 2025)
- Galili, T., dendextend: an R package for visualizing, adjusting and comparing trees of hierarchical clustering, Bioinformatics, 2015, 31: 3718–3720. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv428
- pheatmap: Pretty heatmaps, 2025. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package = pheatmap (accessed October 22, 2025)
- Wickham, H., Chang, W., Henry, L., Pedersen, T. L., Takahashi, K., Wilke, C., et al., ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis, 2016. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org (accessed October 22, 2025)
- Pulpdent Corporation. Embrace wet bond – Safety data sheet, 2024. https://www.pulpdent.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/GHS-SDS-Embrace-Product-Line-r.pdf (accessed October 18, 2025)
- Muntean, A., Sarosi, C., Sava, S., Moldovan, M., Condurache, A.I., Delean, A.G., Dental sealant composition-retention assessment in young permanent molars, Materials, 2021, 14: 1646. 10.3390/ma14071646
- Saveanu, C.I., Dragos, O., Characteristics analysis of sealants resins materials with nanometric parameters AFM and SEM, Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostruct, 2016, 11: 643–649
- 3M. 3M Clipro sealant – Safety data sheet, 2021. https://www.citydentalsupplies.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/12642-12647-Clinpro-Sealant-SDS-2021.pdf (accessed October 20, 2025)
- Anika, T.H., Harnirattisai, C., Nakornchai, S., Jirarattanasopha, V., In vitro comparison of the performance of hydrophilic and conventional hydrophobic resin-based fissure sealants, Int. Dent. J. 2025;75:100824. 10.1016/j.identj.2025.04.005
- Ultradent Products. UltraSeal XT Plus – Safety data sheet, 2024. https://www.ultradent.com/Resources/GetSds? key = 25-001-17.95505432-en-us (accessed October 20, 2025)
- Kitchens, B., Wells, M., Tantbirojn, D., Versluis, A., Depth of cure of sealants polymerized with high‐power light emitting diode curing lights, Int. J. Paediatr. Dent., 2015, 25: 79–86. 10.1111/ipd.12102
- Pulpdent Corporation. SEAL-RITE PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT – Safety data sheet, 2021. https://www.pulpdent.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GHS-SDS-Seal-Rite.pdf (accessed October 20, 2025)
- Ivoclar Vivadent. Helioseal sealants – Scientific documentation, 2011. https://www.ivoclar.com/medias/Helioseal3.pdf? context = bWFzdGVyfGNlbHVtLWNvbm5lY3QyLWFzc2V0c3wyMDI3ODQwfGFwcGxpY2F0aW9uL3BkZnxhRFpoTDJobE1TOHhNVGs1TlRjNE5qYzNNalV4TUM5SVpXeHBiM05sWVd3ekxuQmtaZ3xiZmQwMTYyOTkyMjUxMjJkOTIxNjE4YmIyMjlmM2NjYzk2ZWNiNGZiYzdlNjNiZjU4MGQ1Mjg1ZThlMDU4ZTAy (accessed October 20, 2025)
- Meyer-Lueckel, H., Hartwig, C., Börner, H.G., Lausch, J., Elution of monomers from an infiltrant compared with different resin-based dental materials, Oral. Health Prev. Dent., 2020, 18: 337–341. 10.3290/j.ohpd.a43354
- Sulimany, A.M., BinSaleh, S.S., AlYahya, E., Bataweel, R., Alhussain, I., Almahdy, A., Effect of aging on the microhardness of different resin-based fluoride-releasing fissure sealants: An in vitro study, J. Contemp. Dent. Pract., 2022, 22: 1144–1149. 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3153
- Ivoclar Vivadent. Helioseal clear – user manual, n.d. https://www.manualsdir.com/manuals/773904/ivoclar-vivadent-helioseal-clear.html (accessed October 20, 2025)
- Kosior, P., Dobrzyński, M., Korczyński, M., Herman, K., Czajczyńska-Waszkiewicz, A., Kowalczyk-Zając, M., et al. Long-term release of fluoride from fissure sealants—In vitro study, J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 2017, 41: 107–110. 10.1016/J.JTEMB.2017.02.014
- Conseal F – Material safety data sheet, SDI limited, 2004. https://media.supplychain.nhs.uk/media/documents/IRN211/COSHH/14215_IRN211_001.pdf (accessed October 22, 2025)
- Koulaouzidou, E.A., Roussou, K., Sidiropoulos, K., Nikolaidis, A., Kolokuris, I., Tsakalof, A., et al. Investigation of the chemical profile and cytotoxicity evaluation of organic components eluted from pit and fissure sealants, Food Chem. Toxicol., 2018, 120: 536–543. 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.042
- Kerr Corporation. GUARDIAN SEAL – Material safety data sheet, 2000. https://atlantadental-sds.s3.amazonaws.com/360431169.pdf (accessed October 23, 2025)
- Papacchini, F., Goracci, C., Sadek, F.T., Monticelli, F., Garcia-Godoy, F., Ferrari, M., Microtensile bond strength to ground enamel by glass-ionomers, resin-modified glass-ionomers, and resin composites used as pit and fissure sealants, J. Dent., 2005, 33: 459–467. 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.11.007
- Dentsply Proffesional. Delton Plus Light Cure Opaque Sealant – Safety data sheet, 2014. https://www.safcodental.com/sds/%242820053.pdf? srsltid = AfmBOooBOiE4mnCTo97v_w1wACQI4KsP3i4koPEQIWzsOW6el2lv6NqB&utm (accessed October 23, 2025)
- Denstply. FluoroShield VLC – Material safety data sheet, 2019. https://www.dentsplysirona.com/content/dam/dentsply/pim/manufacturer/Preventive/Sealants/FluroShield_VLC_Pit__Fissure_Sealant_with_Fluoride/FluoroShield-VLC-MSDS-EN.pdf? (accessed October 23, 2025)
- Muntean, A., Sava, S., Codruta, S., Moldovan, M., Pacurar, M., Delean, A.G., Assessment of water sorption, solubility and interface properties for two different pit and fissure sealants, Mater. Plast., 2020, 57: 81–88. 10.37358/MP.20.3.5382
- Şişmanoğlu, S., Şişmanoğlu, S., Fluoride release of giomer and resin based fissure sealants, Odovtos Int. J. Dent. Sci., 2019, 21:45–52. 10.15517/IJDS.V0I0.36860
- Patil, S., Kontham, U., Kontham, R., Patil, S., Kamble, S., Fluoride release and fluoride-recharging ability of three different sealants. J. Indian. Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent., 2020, 38: 247. 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_345_19
- Ultradent Products Inc. Permaseal – Safety data sheet, 2016. https://optident.co.uk/app/uploads/2018/01/PermaSeal%C2%AE-SDS-English.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Korkut, B., Bud, M., Kukey, P., Sancakli, H.S., Effect of surface sealants on color stability of different resin composites, Med. Pharm. Rep., 2022, 95: 71–79. 10.15386/mpr-1973
- COSMEDENT. CosmeSeal Filled – Safety data sheet, 2016. https://www.cosmedent.com/? attachment_id = 11890 (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Intermed inc. RE-GEN Pit and Fissure Sealant – Safety data sheet, 2012. https://vistaapex.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/FINAL-REGEN-PF-US-SDS-EN.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Hexa Dental. HEXA PIT & FISSURE SEALANT – VISIBLE LIGHT CURE – Material safety data sheet, n.d. https://hexadental.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/HEXAPitFissureSDS-1.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Tokuyama Dental Corporation. Omnichroma – instructions for use, n.d. https://omnichroma.com/us/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/01/OMNICHROMA-Instructions-for-Use.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Fidan, M., Yağcı, Ö., Effect of surface sealant on the color stability and whiteness index of single-shade resin composites after staining and bleaching. Restor. Dent. Endod., 2024, 49. 10.5395/rde.2024.49.e30
- VOCO GmbH. Grandio Seal – Safety data sheet, 2019. https://www.voco.dental/us/portaldata/1/resources/products/safety-data-sheets/us/grandio-seal_sds_us.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- VOCO GmbH. Ionoseal – instructions for use, 2015. https://www.dentaltix.com/en/sites/default/files/ionoseal_ifu_e1.pdf#:∼:text = Ionoseal%20contains%20Bis-GMA%2C%20diurethanedimethacrylate%2C%20BHT%20and%20glass%20ionomer,known%20hypersensitivities%20%28allergies%29%20to%20any%20of%20these%20ingredients (accessed October 23, 2025)
- Khodadadi, E., Esmaeili, B., Karimian, N., Khafri, S., Evaluation of microleakage of Ionoseal filling material as a fissure sealant agent, Casp. J. Dent. Res., 2014, 3:39–45. 10.22088/cjdr.3.2.39
- Colombo, M., Dagna, A., Molino, D., Poggio, C., Maiolatesi, D., Pietrocola, G., Bacterial adhesion on fissure sealants: Effects of exposure to acidic drink, J. Clin. Exp. Dent., 2018;10:e574–e578. 10.4317/jced.54818
- VOCO GmbH. Fissurit/Fissurit F – instructions for use, 2015. https://www.adamdental.com.au/Documents/Brand%20Management/Voco/Web%20Docs/fissurit-f_ifu_e1.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Kucukyilmaz, E., Savas, S., Sener, Y., Tosun, G., Botsali, M., Polymerization shrinkage of six different fissure sealants, J. Restor. Dent., 2014, 2: 88. 10.4103/2321-4619.136645
- Detax GmbH. Smartseal & loc/& loc F – Safety data sheet, 2019. https://www.detax.com/fileadmin/Content/Dental/Documents/MSDS/smartseal_loc/MSDS_smartseal-loc-loc-F_EN_5-04_10679_n.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- SPIDENT. Seal.it Light-Cured Pit and Fissure Sealant – Instruction for use, 2023. https://www.spident.co.kr/upload/prod/instriction/Seal%20it_IFU_R1_313b9.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Jo, E.-D., Lee, S.-B., Kang, C.-M., Kim, K.-M., Kwon, J.-S., Release of bisphenol a from pit and fissure sealants according to different pH Conditions, Polymers, 2021, 14: 37. 10.3390/polym1401003
- Reliance. Light Bond Sealant with and without Fluoride – Safety data sheet, 2006. https://www.relianceorthodontics.com/Reliance%20-%20SDS/Light%20Bond%20Sealant%20SDS.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Henry Schein. Acclean - Safety data sheet, 2012. https://www.henryschein.ca/MSDS/1055865.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Güçlü, Z.A., Dönmez, N., Hurt, A.P., Coleman, N.J., Characterisation and microleakage of a new hydrophilic fissure sealant – UltraSeal XT® hydroTM, J. Appl. Oral. Sci., 2016, 24: 344–351. 10.1590/1678-775720160010
- Ultradent Products Inc. UltraSeal XT Hydro – Safety data sheet, 2023. https://www.henryschein.co.nz/documents/msds/LIVE/Ultradent/Ultraseal%20XT%20Hydro_SDS_EXP_20280728.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Prevest Denpro. PF Seal – leaflet, n.d. https://www.prevestdenpro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/PF-SEAL.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Angelus Indústria de Produtos Odontológicos. Defense-Chroma – Instruction for use, n.d. https://www.angelus.ind.br/materiais/produtos/defense-chroma-ifu-eng.pdf? utm_medium = email&utm_campaign = auto_site_-_eng_-_defense-chroma_angie&utm_source = RD + Station (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Vivadent, I., Te Econom Plus – commercial information, 2025. https://primeradentalhub.com/product/ivoclar-te-econom-plus-refill/ (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Ibrahim, M.S., Alabbas, M.S., Alsomaly, K.U., AlMansour, A.A., Aljouie, A.A., Alzahrani, M.M., et al. Flexural strength, elastic modulus and remineralizing abilities of bioactive resin-based dental sealants, Polymers, 2021, 14: 61. 10.3390/polym14010061
- AlQahtani, A., Al-Dlaigan, Y., Almahdy, A., Microtensile bond strength of bioactive pit and fissure sealants bonded to primary and permanent teeth, Materials, 2022, 15: 1369. 10.3390/ma15041369
- Premier Dental Products Company. BioCoat Bioactive Pit & Fissure Sealant – Safety data sheet, 2017. https://cargus.com/download/file/dff7708c-a330-46ba-9d06-9631da17341f (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Dental Technologies. Alpha-Seal Light Cure Pit & Fissure Sealant – Technical data sheet, n.d. https://dentaltech.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TDS-063.005-LC-Pit-Fissure-Sealant.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Premier Dental Products Company. Enamel loc – Material safety data sheet, 2006. https://msdsdigital.com/enamel-loc-self-etching-light-cured-pit-and-fissure-sealant-msds (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Topaloglu Ak, A., Riza Alpoz, A., Effect of saliva contamination on microleakage of three different pit and fissure sealants, Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent., 2010, 11: 93–96
- Dentsply Sirona. SEAL & PROTECT protective sealant for exposed dentin – Safety data sheet, 2017. chemmanagement.ehs.com/9/60BBBCFA-FE39-4844-A79D-86123E2EAD1B/pdf/UAS147 (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Vericom. Eco-S – Material safety data sheet, 2018. https://lavadent.com/wp-content/uploads/Eco-S-MSDS_rev.5__2018.08.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Itena. Prevent Seal – Safety data sheet, 2017. https://www.henryschein.com/MSDS/105AE66_US_MSDS_01.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Arkona. Flow-Color – commercial information, n.d. https://arkonadent.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PL_FlowColor_KOMPENDIUM_23_07_2025_WEB.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Pentron. Flow-It ALC – Safety data sheet, 2015. https://www.skydentalsupply.com/files/products/1flow%20it.pdf (accessed November 6, 2025)
- Hampe, T., Wiessner, A., Frauendorf, H., Alhussein, M., Karlovsky, P., Bürgers, R., et al. Monomer release from dental resins: The current status on study setup, detection and quantification for in vitro testing, Polymers, 2022, 14: 1790. 10.3390/polym14091790
- Bagheri, E., Sarraf Shirazi, A., Shekofteh, K., Comparison of the success rate of filled and unfilled resin- based fissure sealants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Dent., 2022, 19(10). 10.18502/fid.v19i10.8855
- Ananda, S.R., Mythri, H., A comparative study of fluoride release from two different sealants. J. Clin. Exp. Dent., 2014, 6: e497–501. 10.4317/jced.51507
- Jin, X., Han, F., Wang, Q., Yuan, X., Zhou, Q., Xie, H., et al. The roles of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate and its calcium salt in preserving the adhesive–dentin hybrid layer, Dent. Mater., 2022, 38: 1194–1205. 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.007
- Katta, P.K., Strength of bond between adhesives and low-viscosity bulk-fill composites utilizing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), Biomed. Pharmacol. J., 2025, 18: 761–772. 10.13005/bpj/3126
- Duarte, B.M., Silva Neto, J.M., Pinheiro, DdeP, Araújo, TSBDe., Effects of photoinitiators on dental composite resins: A narrative review, MedNEXT J. Med. Health Sci., 2022, 3. 10.54448/mdnt22S401
- Dressano, D., Palialol, A.R., Xavier, T.A., Braga, R.R., Oxman, J.D., Watts, D.C., et al. Effect of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate on the physical and chemical properties of ethanolic solvated resins containing camphorquinone and 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione sensitizers as initiators, Dent. Mater., 2016, 32: 756–764. 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.010
- Akuç Taşan, Ç, Ceran, F., Pit and fissure sealants, Arch. Basic. Clin. Res., 2024, 6: 235–242. 10.5152/ABCR.2024.24280
- Shtereva, L., Kondeva, V., Dimitrova, M., Types of pit and fissure sealants. Indications and contraindications for silanization. Review, J. IMAB – Annu. Proc., 2022, 28: 4186–4189. 10.5272/jimab.2022281.4186
- Wang, W., Kannan, P., Xue, J., Kannan, K., Synthetic phenolic antioxidants, including butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), in resin-based dental sealants, Environ. Res., 2016, 151: 339–343. 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.042
- Van Meerbeek, B., Yoshihara, K., Van Landuyt, K., Yoshida, Y., Peumans, M., From buonocore’s pioneering acid-etch technique to self-adhering restoratives. A status perspective of rapidly advancing dental adhesive technology, J. Adhes. Dent., 2020, 22: 7–34. 10.3290/j.jad.a43994
- Crall, J.J., Donly, K.J., Dental sealants guidelines development: 2002–2014, Pediatr. Dent., 2015, 37: 111–115
- Ferracane, J.L., A historical perspective on dental composite restorative materials, J. Funct. Biomater., 2024, 15: 173. 10.3390/jfb15070173
- Michałowicz, J., Bisphenol A – Sources, toxicity and biotransformation, Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2014, 37: 738–758. 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.003
- Vom Saal, F.S., Antoniou, M., Belcher, S.M., Bergman, A., Bhandari, R.K., Birnbaum, L.S., et al. The conflict between regulatory agencies over the 20,000-fold lowering of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for bisphenol A (BPA) by the european food safety authority (EFSA), Environ. Health Perspect., 2024, 132: 045001. 10.1289/EHP13812
Language: English
Page range: 83 - 107
Submitted on: Feb 5, 2026
Accepted on: Mar 29, 2026
Published on: Apr 22, 2026
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Paweł J. Piszko, Paulina Drapiewska, Julia Kurczyk, Natalia Stelmaszczyk, Michał J. Kulus, Aleksandra Piszko, Maciej Dobrzyński, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.