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        <title>Materials Science-Poland Feed</title>
        <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/MSP</link>
        <description>Sciendo RSS Feed for Materials Science-Poland</description>
        <lastBuildDate>Sat, 04 Apr 2026 03:12:07 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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            <title>Materials Science-Poland Feed</title>
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            <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/MSP</link>
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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology</copyright>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Analytical and finite element analysis of stress concentration factors for polyvinylchloride reinforced with different types of short fibers]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2026-0003</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2026-0003</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            The objective of the current research is to study the effect of a central circular hole as a stress raiser and to obtain the corresponding stress concentration factors for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced with different types of short fibers. Five different types of fibers were used: glass wool (GW), rock wool (RW), cotton wool (CW), and glass fiber with two types (YGT101 and E6-CR). The fibers of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50% were used for sample preparation. On the other hand, two different types of samples were used: unnotched samples and notched samples with central holes of 1, 3, and 5 mm in diameter. Tensile tests were carried out on dog bone samples according to ASTM D638 using a universal tensile testing machine. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength of the PVC/fiber composites decreases with the increase of wt% of the fibers, whereas the PVC/E6-CR fiber composites displayed different behaviors. On the other hand, the results obtained for stress concentration factors from finite element analysis models and analytical methods showed that there is no effect for the types of fibers, and additionally, the stress concentration factors obtained from the different models were approximately the same, with differences not more than 10% for the same hole diameter.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Advancing cementless composites by contrasting the thermomechanical performance and printability of additively manufactured and cast structures]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2026-0002</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2026-0002</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            This study developed and verified a novel, alkali-free cementless material for 3D printing, formulated entirely from industrial by-products: circulating fluidized bed co-fired fly ash (CFA), blast furnace slag, fly ash, and reactive ultra-fine fly ash (RUFA). The research aimed to eliminate cement and hazardous liquid alkali activators by using the self-activated properties of CFA to activate the slag. The experimental program evaluated rheological properties for printability, compared the compressive strength of cast and 3D-printed specimens to assess anisotropy, and analyzed thermal conductivity and interlayer bonding using optical microscopy. Results showed the optimized cementless mixtures achieved stable fluidity and good extrudability, though with longer setting times than traditional alkali-activated materials (AAMs). While AAMs had superior compressive strength (over 60 MPa), their rapid hardening created weak interlayer bonding. Conversely, the cementless composites maintained continuous fusion and achieved lower thermal conductivity (minimum, 0.233 W/m K) due to an interstitial pore structure from RUFA. The study concluded that while AAMs were better suited for high-strength applications, the developed alkali-free composite offered a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for non-structural elements, striking a balance between buildability and thermal insulation. Its innovation lay in creating a self-activating, all-waste binder system that avoided corrosive chemicals while enabling tunable thermal properties in additive manufacturing.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Structure, electrical, and giant dielectric properties of fine-grained Na1/2Bi1/2Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics synthesized by mechanochemical activation and low-temperature spark plasma sintering]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2026-0001</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2026-0001</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Na0.5Bi0.5Cu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (NBCTO) ceramics were synthesized by mechanochemical milling followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 800–900°C. X-ray diffraction confirmed the cubic perovskite structure, with minor CuO traces at lower sintering temperatures and phase-pure NBCTO at 900°C. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed dense, fine-grained microstructures with average grain sizes below 400 nm, significantly smaller than those observed in conventionally sintered samples. All SPS-NBCTO ceramics exhibited colossal dielectric permittivity (ε′ > 10⁴) across wide frequency and temperature ranges, with values of 2.8–4.0 × 10⁴ at 1 kHz and room temperature. Impedance analysis revealed an internal barrier layer capacitance mechanism, with semiconducting grains and more resistive grain boundaries. Grain conductivity (∼3 × 10⁻² S/cm) and activation energies (0.089–0.096 eV) were consistent with CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂-based systems, while grain boundary conductivity was unexpectedly high (2.5–3.5 × 10⁻³ S/cm) with relatively low activation energies (0.192–0.211 eV). These properties, linked to oxygen-vacancy-related conduction, led to unusually large dielectric losses. Relaxation analysis using the electric modulus confirmed thermally activated grain and grain boundary processes with activation energies matching conductivity values. The results demonstrate that SPS enables fine-grained, dense NBCTO ceramics with colossal dielectric constants, though excessive grain boundary conduction remains a challenge.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Cyclic loading test for brick masonry walls strengthened by steel mesh-ECC layers]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0051</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0051</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 18 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            To evaluate the seismic performance of masonry walls strengthened with a steel mesh-sprayed Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) layer, low reversed cyclic loading tests were conducted on walls strengthened with steel mesh-ECC and steel mesh-mortar overlays and compared with an unstrengthened specimen. Considering the superior mechanical properties of ECC and the importance of the wall-overlay bond, a novel strengthening method is proposed in which a steel mesh is embedded in the ECC layer and anchored to the wall through tie bars to enhance interfacial bonding and ensure composite action under lateral loading. The study focused on the shear load-bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and failure patterns of the walls. The results indicated that the failure pattern of the unstrengthened masonry wall was shear failure, accompanied by diagonal cracks. The masonry wall strengthened by steel mesh-ECC layer underwent bending failure. Compared with the unstrengthened specimen, the peak load, ductility coefficient, and yield load of specimen strengthened with steel mesh-mortar layer increased by 25.38%, 27.81%, and 22.22%, respectively, while the peak load, ductility coefficient, and total cumulative energy dissipation of specimen strengthened with steel mesh-ECC layer improved by 60.17%, 48.34%, and 566%, respectively. The hysteresis curve of the strengthened masonry walls was more stable, the stiffness degradation curve was smoother, and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient and cumulative energy dissipation increased at each displacement level. The masonry wall strengthened with steel mesh-ECC layer exhibits enhanced seismic performance. This research provides a technical reference for the steel mesh-ECC strengthening in masonry walls.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Flexural strength of low-strength RC beams using CFRP composite]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0041</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0041</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Over the past few decades, utilizing fiber-reinforced polymer in strengthening or rehabilitation of structural members has become a highly promising technique to extend reinforced concrete (RC) structures' lifespan and enhance their structural integrity. Rehabilitation of old structures is necessary due to various factors, including harsh environments, earthquakes, increased loads, corrosion in reinforcement, and inadequate design. Numerous studies have examined the strengthening of RC beams in shear and flexure using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with different schemes, including bonding CFRP externally, through experimental and theoretical investigations. In this study, a series of eight RC beams was cast with low-strength concrete. The beams were designed to be weak in flexural. Flexural critical RC beams were strengthened with different CFRP application schemes. The experimental findings were validated through both numerical and analytical analyses, demonstrating close agreement. The results indicate that the application of CFRP laminate or fabric increased the ultimate load in flexural strengthening applications by approximately 40–60%, particularly when CFRP was bonded to the bottom soffit with CFRP U-jacketing placed at both ends. Furthermore, placing a 50 cm CFRP U-jacket at both ends of RC beams, critical in flexural and strengthened using a CFRP laminate at the soffit of the section, led to a 120% increase in load capacity with elastic behavior.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Quality assessment of heat-treated rails in the R350HT grade]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0042</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0042</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            This article presents the results of tests on heat-treated R350HT grade rails, which were manufactured on a railhead heat treatment line installed in the heavy section mill of the AMP Branch in Dabrowa Gornicza. The research article presents an analysis of the chemical composition of the tested rails and their basic mechanical properties. It also discusses in detail the fatigue testing procedure performed in accordance with the qualification tests specified for rails in the EN13674-1 standard and the DBS 918 254-1 technical specifications. Microstructure analysis, including pearlite morphology assessment, and macrostructure evaluation results are presented. Results of determining the stress intensity factor, fatigue crack growth rate, fatigue strength, and determination of vertical and horizontal fatigue strength using the staircase method for R350HT steel grade rails are also presented. The requirements for modern heat-treated rails are also discussed, and key rail property parameters that determine their operational properties are identified.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A review of W-temper forming methods for high-strength 7xxx aluminum alloy sheet]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0043</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0043</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            The manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the W-temper forming (WT-F) process employed in the fabrication of sheet metal from 7xxx alloys. A diagram of the forming process is presented, taking into account the individual stages and the most important parameters of heat and plastic treatment. The literature review covers the characteristics of alloys tested during WT-F: EN AW-7075 and EN AW-7021. An analysis of previously published results was conducted in the following areas: strength and hardness tests, the effect of natural and artificial aging time on the mechanical properties of supersaturated aluminum alloys, determination of forming limit diagrams in the W-temper state and WT-F of U-profiles, car B-pillars, car floor panels, and door beams. A literature review showed that forming EN AW-7075 and EN AW-7021 in the W-temper state allows for the production of crack-free products, which is impossible to form with cold forming of sheets in the T6 state. Numerous studies have successfully formed components with complex geometries without defects or cracks, while achieving high true tensile strength values, reaching up to 600–620 MPa – significantly above the levels of typical 5000 and 6000 series alloys used in the automotive industry. While paint baking slightly reduces strength and ductility, it can also improve yield strength.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Tribological performance of Orvar 2M tool steel coated with ALWIN XC for improved forging tool durability]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0045</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0045</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the tribological performance of hot-work tool steel Orvar 2M in its uncoated state and after surface modification with a hard physical vapor deposition (PVD) AlWIN XC coating, intended for hot forging applications. The research followed a sequential experimental approach, combining preliminary laboratory tests, advanced high-temperature tribological tests, and industrial verification. Preliminary dry-abrasive wear tests at room temperature were performed for both uncoated and coated variants. These tests provided an initial comparative assessment of abrasive wear resistance and allowed identification of dominant surface degradation mechanisms. The uncoated steel exhibited localized abrasive wear, including microcracks and scratches, while the AlWIN XC coating significantly reduced material loss and stabilized the wear process. For a more representative analysis, ball-on-disc tests were conducted at 200°C, corresponding to the operational temperature of forging tools. The AlWIN XC coating demonstrated a stable coefficient of friction and low wear rate. Scanning electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses enabled correlation of microstructural and chemical changes with the main degradation mechanisms. Industrial-scale forging trials confirmed that coated tools achieved more than a twofold increase in lifespan compared to uncoated steel. The results demonstrate the reliability and relevance of the applied tribological testing methodology as a predictive tool for tool durability. These findings also support the further development and optimization of PVD-coated forging tools for enhanced service life under industrial conditions.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Enhancing the supercapacitor performance of MoS2 nanostructures through metallic phase enrichment and morphology control]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0047</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0047</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted considerable attention as a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications due to its tunable electronic structure and layered morphology. However, its electrochemical performance is highly dependent on the synthesis route and the resulting structural characteristics. In this study, MoS2 nanostructures were synthesized using two distinct methods, hydrothermal synthesis (HT) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), yielding materials with markedly different morphologies, particle sizes, and phase compositions. The HT method produced nanoscale MoS2 with partial enrichment of the metallic 1T phase, while the CVD approach yielded highly crystalline, few-layer 2H-MoS2 nanosheets. Electrodes were fabricated on nickel foam current collectors, whose three-dimensional porous architecture facilitated efficient charge transport and electrolyte accessibility. Electrochemical evaluation revealed that HT-MoS2 exhibits superior supercapacitive performance, delivering a high specific capacitance of 466.66 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, compared to 371.10 F g−1 for CVD-MoS2. In addition, the HT-MoS2 electrode demonstrated excellent galvanostatic charge–discharge behavior and retained high capacitance stability over 2,000 charge–discharge cycles. These results highlight the critical role of synthesis-driven phase and morphology engineering, as well as electrode architecture, in optimizing the supercapacitor performance of MoS2-based materials and highlight their potential for advanced energy storage applications.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Titanium dioxide nanotubes incorporated carboxymethyl cellulose 2D film and 3D scaffold for bone tissue treatment]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0048</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0048</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Bone tissue engineering demands advanced materials with exceptional bioactivity to facilitate efficient bone regeneration. This study focuses on the development and characterization of titanium dioxide nanotubes integrated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC + TiO2NT) 2D films and 3D scaffolds, designed for potential use in bone tissue treatment. The titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NT) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) matrices to enhance structural integrity and bioactive properties. The 2D film and 3D scaffold were thoroughly characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate their morphological, chemical, and structural attributes. Additionally, the swelling behavior, porosity, and degradation rate of the materials were examined to assess their suitability for bone tissue applications. The findings reveal that the inclusion of TiO2NT in the CMC-based 2D film and 3D scaffold promotes the formation of NaCl and hydroxyapatite (HAp), respectively. The CMC + 10 wt% TiO2NT 3D scaffold induced the formation of a HAp-like layer after immersion in simulated body fluid, as confirmed by SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and XRD analyses, indicating promising in vitro bioactivity for potential bone tissue applications. Moreover, the 3D scaffold exhibits high swelling capacity, porosity, and a controlled degradation rate, which collectively support their good performance for HAp formation. These results highlight the promise of the CMC + 10 wt% TiO2NT 3D scaffold as a viable solution for bone tissue engineering, with the potential to enhance patient outcomes in the treatment of bone defects.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Experimental and first-principles investigation of high entropy superalloys produced by powder injection moulding method]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0046</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0046</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            In this study, AlCoCrFeMnNiTi based refractory-free high entropy superalloys (HESA) were prepared by powder injection moulding (PIM) for aviation applications. Aging was done in order to enhance mechanical properties. Ni-based superalloys are expensive and heavy due to expensive alloying elements with high density. Strength, oxidation and creep resistance of the high entropy alloys are low for engine applications. HESA would be cheaper and lighter than superalloys and would have higher strength, creep resistance and oxidation resistance than high entropy alloys. In order to obtain solid solution, mixing entropy and mixing enthalpy values were adjusted. Valance electron concentrations was adjusted in order to obtain face centered cubic structure. There is grain-coarseing and segregation in HESA produced by vacuum arc melting. HESA with finer grain sizes and low segregation could be produced by using mechanical alloying (MA)-PIM. Alloy powders were prepared by MA. Alloys with high solid solubility, complex shaped, fine grained superalloy specimens were produced by MA-PIM. Polymer binder consisted polyethylene, paraffin, and stearic acid. Feedstock consisted of 45% of binder and 55% of alloy powder. PIM was carried out at 185°C. After the PIM, binder was removed by chemical debinding and thermal debinding. Sintering was carried out at 1,250°C. Elevated temperature properties of the HESA was enhanced by intermetallic precipitates which were obtained by alloying and heat treatments. Corrosion properties, high temperature oxidation properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties were determined.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Process optimization of rice husk-based activated carbon production for water vapor adsorption]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0044</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0044</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Activated carbon is a potential adsorbent for dehumidification. For a large scale, an abundant source and optimum process are needed to produce the activated carbon adsorbent. This work utilized the industrial rice husk carbon (RHC) as an activated carbon source for dehumidification. The RHC was activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide NaOH. The activation process was designed using a response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the activation process cleaned the impurities and reduced the particle size of RHC. N2 adsorption–desorption results indicated that KOH-activated carbon possessed the highest surface area (138.857 m2/g) and pore volume (0.204 cm3/g). Thus, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon was twofold higher than that of RHC (without activation). According to RSM, the optimum activation time for KOH and NaOH were 12.83 and 7.17 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum concentration for both activating agents was the same, 22.07% w/v. The water vapor adsorption of the activated carbon followed the pseudo-second-order model. The Freundlich isotherm provided the best accuracy in the water vapor sorption isotherm.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Design, fabrication, and optimization of magnetic vanadium MOF-embedded CMC–chitosan hydrogel beads for high-efficiency adsorptive removal of methyl violet 2B from aqueous media]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0049</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0049</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Industrial dye discharge is one of the primary causes of water contamination, which is extremely detrimental to the community health and setting. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) crosslinked chemically using epichlorohydrin as the crosslinker were used to encapsulate magnetic vanadium metal-organic framework (MV-MOF) encapsulated within a food-grade algae matrix (MV-MOF/CMC-CS). The resulting MV-MOF/CMC-CS hydrogel beads has potential applications in elimination of methyl violet 2B (MV2B) dye. A variety of investigative methods, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were utilized in this study. The MV-MOF/CMC-CS demonstrated effective adsorption with a surface area of 886.24 m2/g and pore volume of 4.39 cm3/g. Post-adsorption, the surface area decreased to 642.86 m2/g, and pore volume reduced to 2.86 cm3/g, indicating MV2B dye infiltration into the pores and illustrating the interaction mechanisms involved. The examination encompassed multiple factors influencing the adsorption capacity, such as temperature, duration of contact, original concentration of MV2B dye, amount of adsorbent, and the solution pH. The optimal situations for achieving maximum adsorption capability were resolute to be a pH level of 8 and a dosage of 0.02 g. The peak adsorption capacity of MV-MOF/CMC-CS for MV2B dye was measured at 764.2 mg/g. The isotherm of adsorption was analyzed by means of the Langmuir model, whereas the pseudo-second-order model provided the finest appropriate for the kinetic data. Chemisorption was recognized as the primary mechanism underpinning the adsorption process, specified by an adsorption energy of 32.8 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic evaluations showed that the uptake of MV2B dye within the micropores of MV-MOF/CMC-CS is a spontaneous and endothermic process, as demonstrated by a favorable ΔH
               o value and an unfavorable ΔG
               o value. It is suggested that the dye can be effectively removed from the MV-MOF/CMC-CS material through various adsorption mechanisms, such as electrostatic interactions, pore filling, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The application of the Box-Behnken design played a significant role in enhancing these variables within the framework of Response surface methodology.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Influence of elevated temperature on bond performance of basalt FRP bars with steel fiber-reinforced concrete]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0050</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0050</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) rebars offer a cost-effective, high-temperature, chemical-resistant, and eco-friendly alternative to steel bars. However, their widespread adoption hinges on understanding their structural and mechanical performance, particularly bond with concrete at elevated temperatures. This research investigates the bond of BFRP rebars in plain and fiber-reinforced concretes after high-temperature exposure via beam-end tests, comparing them to steel bars. The parameters considered in the study include concrete type (plain and steel fiber-reinforced), the type of rebar (steel and BFRP), and exposure temperatures (ambient temperature, 100°C, and 200°C). Twenty-four beam-end test samples were prepared and tested. The observed bond performance was evaluated based on failure modes, bond stress-slip behavior, and average bond strength. Interestingly, the bond strength of BFRP rebars showed a slight increase under elevated temperatures, with gains of about 8–17% at 200°C depending on the concrete type. Although initially lower than steel at ambient conditions, BFRP exhibited comparable or slightly higher average bond indices at 200°C, while both showed similar bond strength at 100°C. Given n = 2 per condition, these trends are indicative rather than definitive. These trends suggest potential thermal resilience of BFRP at moderate temperatures; however, the observations are based on limited replicates, and the bonded regions experienced equivalent thermal exposure. To model the bond stress–slip relationship of BFRP bars at higher temperatures, an existing model for FRP bars was modified. Comparisons of bond strength are made with available models from different codes and researchers.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Physical modelling and analytical evaluation of deformation zones in the extrusion of non-axisymmetric profiles]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0040</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0040</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            This study investigates the effect of deformation zones on the extrusion load during the forming of non-axisymmetric profiles. Physical modelling using lead and analytical evaluation were performed for circular, square, triangular, and rectangular cross-sections at extrusion ratios (λ) of 3, 12, and 60. The results show that the maximum extrusion force (F
               max) increases significantly with both the depth of the plastic zone (L
               pz) and its volume (V
               pz), reaching up to 35–40% higher loads in non-axisymmetric sections than in circular ones at λ = 60. The dead zone height (L
               dz) and dead zone angle (α
               dz) also strongly influence the extrusion load, with F
               max increasing as L
               dz decreases and αdz increases. The study quantitatively relates these parameters to die geometry and demonstrates that optimising the deformation zone configuration can reduce extrusion force by up to 20%, leading to improved process efficiency and product quality. The developed analytical assessment provides a practical framework for integration into commercial extrusion simulation software to aid in process design and parameter selection.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Sliding elements made from biodegradable plastic – friction and wear of poly(lactic acid) compared to polyamide 6]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0039</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0039</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Plastic sliding components are environmentally friendly, as they do not require the use of grease or oil, and much of this type of substance ends up in the environment as a result of accidents or spills. Unfortunately, at the end of the product lifecycle, plastic sliding component is a very bothersome waste. In addition, the products of wear are a source of microplastics entering the environment. Biodegradable polymers are the answer to waste problem. The aim of this article is to assess whether poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the most popular biodegradable polymers, has a chance to be used in sliding components. Since only a few reports on PLA friction and wear were found in the literature, a wide range of tests were carried out. The results obtained for PLA were compared to those obtained for polyamide 6 (PA6), which is a non-biodegradable material but is widely used in sliding components. The research showed that the biggest problem for PLA is its low temperature resistance. As a result, PLA can work with steel at significantly lower pressures and velocities than other plastics. At velocity of 1.0 m/s, PLA could cooperate with steel at a maximum pressure of 0.3 MPa, while PA6 could do it even at 2.0 MPa (at a pressure almost seven times higher). The wear and friction coefficient for PLA are also high (wear was 195 µm/km and coefficient of friction was 0.54 when velocity was 0.5 m/s and pressure was 0.7 MPa), and PLA also wore about four times more than PA6 during the abrasive wear test. When looking for a way to increase the ability of PLA to work at higher velocities and pressures, it is worth investigating annealed PLA, PLA blends with other biodegradable polymers, or PLA with the addition of hard fillers such as natural fibres or carbonates.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Influence of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties in 6156 aluminum alloy friction stir side additive manufacturing]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0037</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0037</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            Friction stir additive manufacturing is a metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technology based on solid-state joining developed from friction stir welding. In this article, a friction-stir side additive manufacturing (FSSAM) process based on a modified common milling machine is proposed as an alternative to existing strip-feed MAM. MAM of 6156 aluminum alloy was performed using the FSSAM process on an aluminum alloy plate substrate. Following initial macroscopic examination and scanning electron microscope analysis of tensile specimen fractures, hardness distribution and tensile properties were evaluated. Finally, theoretical modeling of heat input during the additive manufacturing process was developed. For specimens fabricated via FSSAM under process parameters of 750 rpm tool rotational speed and 37.5 mm/min traverse speed, the tensile strength reached 273.62 MPa. Hardness testing revealed that rotational speed and traverse speed significantly influence hardness curve stability. The most stable hardness profile (averaging 70 HV0.2) was achieved at 50 rpm and 37.5 mm/min. The results indicate that the specimen exhibits optimal mechanical properties when the FSSAM tool is operated at a plunge depth of 2.60 mm, a rotational speed of 950 rpm, and a traverse speed of 37.5 mm/min.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Fluorescent yttrium oxide nanoparticles for sensitive detection of vitamin B12: Synthesis, characterization, and sensor development]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0038</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0038</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            A fluorescent yttrium oxide nanoparticle was successfully synthesized and employed as a fluorometric probe for the detection of vitamin B12. The sensing mechanism is based on the interaction between vitamin B12 and the nanoparticles, enabling sensitive fluorescence measurements. The material was thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, photoluminescence, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The strongest fluorescence response was obtained at an excitation wavelength of 230 nm and an emission wavelength of 285 nm. Key parameters, including pH, incubation time, and NaCl concentration, were systematically optimized. The probe demonstrated a linear response in the vitamin B12 concentration range of 10–100 μM, with a limit of quantification of 55.66 μM and a detection limit of 18.37 μM. Additionally, an red, green, blue color based sensor was developed using the same nanoparticles, which successfully detected vitamin B12 with high accuracy in human urine samples and acceptable recovery, highlighting its potential for real-world biomedical applications.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Enhancement of high-performance concrete properties with crushed dune sand addition: A sustainable approach for desert regions]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0036</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0036</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            The construction industry faces mounting pressure to develop sustainable alternatives that maintain structural performance while reducing the environmental impact. This study investigates the potential of crushed dune sand (CDS) as a partial cement replacement in high-performance concrete (HPC) formulations. Desert regions possess abundant dune sand resources that, when mechanically processed, can serve as supplementary cementitious materials with minimal environmental footprint. The research examined concrete mixtures incorporating CDS and silica fume at replacement levels of 5, 10, and 15% by weight of cement. Comprehensive testing protocols evaluated fresh concrete properties, mechanical performance, durability characteristics, and microstructural development using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Nondestructive testing methods including sclerometer measurements and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) validated the experimental findings. Results demonstrated that 10% cement replacement with CDS achieved optimal performance, yielding 58.03 MPa compressive strength at 28 days compared to 52.1 MPa for reference concrete, representing an 11.4% improvement. Water-accessible porosity decreased from 8.1 to 7.2%, indicating enhanced durability potential. UPV increased by 12%, confirming improved material density and reduced void content. Environmental analysis revealed that CDS exhibits carbon dioxide emissions of only 0.0013 kg per kilogram of material and energy consumption of 0.017 MJ/kg, substantially lower than conventional supplementary materials. Microstructural examination confirmed that CDS enhances concrete through combined physical filler effects and pozzolanic reactions, creating denser interfacial transition zones and additional calcium silicate hydrate formation. The findings establish CDS as a viable, sustainable alternative for HPC production in arid regions, offering superior mechanical properties, enhanced durability, and significant environmental benefits compared to conventional approaches.
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Influence of different factors in the low-temperature combustion synthesis method on the properties of γ-Ce2S3
            ]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0032</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msp-2025-0032</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
            
            A reddish-brown xerogel was prepared using Ce(NO3)3·6H2O as the raw material, and citric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol as fuel and complexing agents. Fluffy, ultrafine Na+–CeO2 precursor powder was then produced using a low-temperature combustion synthesis method. The effects of the amount of CA, the ratio of oxidant to fuel, and the amount of ethylene glycol on the morphology, chromaticity, and particle size of precursors and pigments were systematically studied. The results show that when the pH value was 7, the ratio of CA to metal nitrate was 2.0, and 
                  
                     
                     
                        
                           
                              NO
                           
                           
                              3
                           
                           
                              −
                           
                        
                     
                     {\text{NO}}_{3}^{-}
                  
                to CA was 0.5. The specific surface area of the powder was 13.8358 m2/g, and it had a bright red color. After adding ethylene glycol to the forming complexing agent, the specific surface area of the precursor increased to 22.3857 m2/g, and the pigment had better dispersibility and a brighter color (L* = 37.99, a* = 40.21, and b* = 29.81).
         ]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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