Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
When a Crisis Hits, Send in the Psychologists? A Latent Transition Analysis of Help-Seeking Behavior Among Swedish Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Cover

When a Crisis Hits, Send in the Psychologists? A Latent Transition Analysis of Help-Seeking Behavior Among Swedish Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Open Access
|Mar 2024

References

  1. Adams, E. F. M., Lee, A. J., Pritchard, C. W., & White, R. J. E. (2010). What stops us from healing the healers: A survey of help-seeking behaviour, stigmatisation and depression within the medical profession. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 56(4), 359370. DOI: 10.1177/0020764008099123
  2. Albott, C. S., Wozniak, J. R., McGlinch, B. P., Wall, M. H., Gold, B. S., & Vinogradov, S. (2020). Battle buddies: Rapid deployment of a psychological resilience intervention for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 131(1), 11. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004912
  3. Appelbom, S., Bernhardtz, R., & Bujacz, A. (2023). Risk för psykisk ohälsa och behov av psykologiska stödinsatser i samband med covid-19-pandemin: Teknisk rapport. Karolinska Institutet. https://ki.se/media/259347/download?attachment
  4. Appelbom, S., Bujacz, A., Finnes, A., Ahlbeck, K., Bromberg, F., Holmberg, J., Larsson, L., Olgren, B., Wanecek, M., Wetterborg, D., & Wicksell, R. (2021). The rapid implementation of a psychological support model for frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study and process evaluation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713251
  5. Bakk, Z., & Kuha, J. (2018). Two-step estimation of models between latent classes and external variables. Psychometrika, 83(4), 871892. DOI: 10.1007/s11336-017-9592-7
  6. Belfroid, E., van Steenbergen, J., Timen, A., Ellerbroek, P., Huis, A., & Hulscher, M. (2018). Preparedness and the importance of meeting the needs of healthcare workers: A qualitative study on Ebola. Journal of Hospital Infection, 98(2), 212218. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.07.001
  7. Billings, J., Greene, T., Kember, T., Grey, N., El-Leithy, S., Lee, D., Kennerley, H., Albert, I., Robertson, M., Brewin, C. R., & Bloomfield, M. A. P. (2020). Supporting hospital staff during COVID-19: Early interventions. Occupational Medicine, 70(5), 327329. DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa098
  8. Blake, H., Gupta, A., Javed, M., Wood, B., Knowles, S., Coyne, E., & Cooper, J. (2021). COVID-well study: Qualitative evaluation of supported wellbeing centres and psychological first aid for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3626. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073626
  9. Blake, H., Yildirim, M., Wood, B., Knowles, S., Mancini, H., Coyne, E., & Cooper, J. (2020). COVID-well: Evaluation of the implementation of supported wellbeing centres for hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9401. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249401
  10. Brooks, S. K., Dunn, R., Amlôt, R., Rubin, G. J., & Greenberg, N. (2018). A systematic, thematic review of social and occupational factors associated with psychological outcomes in healthcare employees during an infectious disease outbreak. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 60(3), 248257. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001235
  11. Bujacz, A., Rudman, A., Gustavsson, P., Dahlgren, A., & Tucker, P. (2021). Psychosocial working conditions of shiftworking nurses: A long-term latent transition analysis. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(8), 26032610. DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13430
  12. Cai, H., Tu, B., Ma, J., Chen, L., Fu, L., Jiang, Y., & Zhuang, Q. (2020). Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. Medical Science Monitor, 26, e924171. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924171
  13. Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15e16. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
  14. Couper, K., Murrells, T., Sanders, J., Anderson, J. E., Blake, H., Kelly, D., Kent, B., Maben, J., Rafferty, A. M., Taylor, R. M., & Harris, R. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on the wellbeing of the UK nursing and midwifery workforce during the first pandemic wave: A longitudinal survey study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 127, 104155. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104155
  15. Crittenden, P. M., Spieker, S. J., & Landini, A. (2021). Caring for healthcare providers in COVID-19. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(2), 149161. DOI: 10.1037/ort0000533
  16. De Brier, N., Stroobants, S., Vandekerckhove, P., & De Buck, E. (2020). Factors affecting mental health of health care workers during coronavirus disease outbreaks (SARS, MERS & COVID-19): A rapid systematic review. Plos One, 15(12), e0244052. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244052
  17. Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2022). Job demands-resources theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review. DOI: 10.1177/20413866221135022
  18. Drury, J., Carter, H., Ntontis, E., & Guven, S. T. (2021). Public behaviour in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Understanding the role of group processes. BJPsych Open, 7(1), E11. DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.139
  19. Füllemann, D., Jenny, G. J., Brauchli, R., & Bauer, G. F. (2015). The key role of shared participation in changing occupational self-efficacy through stress management courses. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(3), 490510. DOI: 10.1111/joop.12124
  20. Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses’ burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(8), 32863302. DOI: 10.1111/jan.14839
  21. Greenberg, N., Docherty, M., Gnanapragasam, S., & Wessely, S. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Bmj, 368, m1211. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1211
  22. Guastello, A. D., Brunson, J. C., Sambuco, N., Dale, L. P., Tracy, N. A., Allen, B. R., & Mathews, C. A. (2022). Predictors of professional burnout and fulfilment in a longitudinal analysis on nurses and healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Nursing. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16463
  23. Gustavsson, P., Hallsten, L., & Rudman, A. (2010). Early career burnout among nurses: Modelling a hypothesized process using an item response approach. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(7), 864875. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.12.007
  24. Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Demerouti, E. (2005). The construct validity of an alternative measure of burnout: Investigating the English translation of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Work & Stress, 19(3), 208220. DOI: 10.1080/02678370500340728
  25. Heath, C., Sommerfield, A., & von Ungern-Sternberg, B. S. (2020). Resilience strategies to manage psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review. Anaesthesia, 75(10), 13641371. DOI: 10.1111/anae.15180
  26. Holmes, E., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., … Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547560. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
  27. Holmes, E., & Västfjäll, D. (2021). Beteende och psykisk hälsa ett år in i Covid-19-pandemin—Insikter från beteendevetenskap. Vetenskapsakademiens expertgrupp om Covid-19.
  28. Huang, L., Lei, W., Xu, F., Liu, H., & Yu, L. (2020). Emotional responses and coping strategies in nurses and nursing students during Covid-19 outbreak: A comparative study. PLOS ONE, 15(8), e0237303. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237303
  29. Joyce, S., Modini, M., Christensen, H., Mykletun, A., Bryant, R., Mitchell, P. B., & Harvey, S. B. (2016). Workplace interventions for common mental disorders: A systematic meta-review. Psychological Medicine, 46(4), 683697. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291715002408
  30. Ju, T. R., Mikrut, E. E., Spinelli, A., Romain, A.-M., Brondolo, E., Sundaram, V., & Pan, C. X. (2022). Factors associated with burnout among resident physicians responding to the COVID-19 pandemic: A 2-month longitudinal observation study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9714. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159714
  31. Juan, N. V. S., Aceituno, D., Djellouli, N., Sumray, K., Regenold, N., Syversen, A., Symmons, S. M., Dowrick, A., Mitchinson, L., Singleton, G., & Vindrola-Padros, C. (2021). Mental health and well-being of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: Contrasting guidelines with experiences in practice. BJPsych Open, 7(1), E15. DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.148
  32. Kelker, H., Yoder, K., Musey, P., Harris, M., Johnson, O., Sarmiento, E., Vyas, P., Henderson, B., Adams, Z., & Welch, J. (2021). Prospective study of emergency medicine provider wellness across ten academic and community hospitals during the initial surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Emergency Medicine, 21(1), 112. DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00425-3
  33. Keyworth, C., Alzahrani, A., Pointon, L., Hinsby, K., Wainwright, N., Moores, L., Bates, J., & Johnson, J. (2022). Barriers and enablers to accessing support services offered by staff wellbeing hubs: A qualitative study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008913. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008913
  34. Kisely, S., Warren, N., McMahon, L., Dalais, C., Henry, I., & Siskind, D. (2020). Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: Rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 369, m1642. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1642
  35. Kok, N., van Gurp, J., Teerenstra, S., van der Hoeven, H., Fuchs, M., Hoedemaekers, C., & Zegers, M. (2021). Coronavirus disease 2019 immediately increases burnout symptoms in ICU professionals: A longitudinal cohort study*. Critical Care Medicine, 49(3), 419427. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004865
  36. Kramer, V., Papazova, I., Thoma, A., Kunz, M., Falkai, P., Schneider-Axmann, T., Hierundar, A., Wagner, E., & Hasan, A. (2021). Subjective burden and perspectives of German healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 271(2), 271281. DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01183-2
  37. Labrague, L. J. (2021). Psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(7), 18931905. DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13336
  38. Lee, T., & Shi, D. (2021). A comparison of full information maximum likelihood and multiple imputation in structural equation modeling with missing data. Psychological Methods, 26(4), 466485. DOI: 10.1037/met0000381
  39. Liu, Y. E., Zhai, Z. C., Han, Y. H., Liu, Y. L., Liu, F. P., & Hu, D. Y. (2020). Experiences of front-line nurses combating coronavirus disease-2019 in China: A qualitative analysis. Public Health Nursing, 37(5), 17. DOI: 10.1111/phn.12768
  40. Lou, N. M., Montreuil, T., Feldman, L. S., Fried, G. M., Lavoie-Tremblay, M., Bhanji, F., Kennedy, H., Kaneva, P., Drouin, S., & Harley, J. M. (2021). Evaluations of healthcare providers’ perceived support from personal, hospital, and system resources: Implications for well-being and management in healthcare in Montreal, Quebec, during COVID-19. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 44(3), 14. DOI: 10.1177/01632787211012742
  41. Maben, J., & Bridges, J. (2020). Covid-19: Supporting nurses’ psychological and mental health. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(15–16), 27422750. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15307
  42. Maitlis, S., & Sonenshein, S. (2010). Sensemaking in crisis and change: Inspiration and insights from Weick (1988). Journal of Management Studies, 47(3), 551580. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00908.x
  43. Morin, A. J. S., Bujacz, A., & Gagné, M. (2018). Person-centered methodologies in the organizational sciences: Introduction to the feature topic. Organizational Research Methods, 21(4), 803813. DOI: 10.1177/1094428118773856
  44. Morin, A. J. S., McLarnon, M. J. W., & Litalien, D. (2020). Mixture modeling for organizational behavior research. In Y. Griep & S. Hansen, Handbook on the Temporal Dynamics of Organizational Behavior (pp. 351379). Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: 10.4337/9781788974387.00031
  45. Muller, A. E., Hafstad, E. V., Himmels, J. P. W., Smedslund, G., Flottorp, S., Stensland, S. Ø., Stroobants, S., Van de Velde, S., & Vist, G. E. (2020). The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113441. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441
  46. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus User’s Guide. In Mplus User’s Guide (Eighth Edition). Muthén & Muthén.
  47. Nembhard, I. M., Burns, L. R., & Shortell, S. M. (2020). Responding to COVID-19: Lessons from Management Research. NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery, 1(2). DOI: 10.1056/CAT.20.0111
  48. Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M. B., Ogbonnaya, C., Känsälä, M., Saari, E., & Isaksson, K. (2017). Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 31(2), 101120. DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2017.1304463
  49. Nishimura, Y., Miyoshi, T., Sato, A., Hasegawa, K., Hagiya, H., Kosaki, Y., & Otsuka, F. (2021). Burnout of healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A follow-up study. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 18(21), 11581. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111581
  50. Nylund-Gibson, K., & Choi, A. Y. (2018). Ten frequently asked questions about latent class analysis. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 4(4), 440461. DOI: 10.1037/tps0000176
  51. Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 901907. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
  52. Pappa, S., Sakkas, N., & Sakka, E. (2022). A year in review: Sleep dysfunction and psychological distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Medicine, 91, 237245. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.009
  53. Pollock, A., Campbell, P., Cheyne, J., Cowie, J., Davis, B., McCallum, J., McGill, K., Elders, A., Hagen, S., McClurg, D., Torrens, C., & Maxwell, M. (2020). Interventions to support the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic: A mixed methods systematic review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, CD013779. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013779
  54. Rickwood, D., & Thomas, K. (2012). Conceptual measurement framework for help-seeking for mental health problems. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 5, 173183. DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S38707
  55. Ripp, J., Peccoralo, L., & Charney, D. (2020). Attending to the emotional well-being of the health care workforce in a New York City health system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic Medicine, 95(8), 11361139. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003414
  56. Salari, N., Khazaie, H., Hosseinian-Far, A., Ghasemi, H., Mohammadi, M., Shohaimi, S., Daneshkhah, A., Khaledi-Paveh, B., & Hosseinian-Far, M. (2020). The prevalence of sleep disturbances among physicians and nurses facing the COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16(92). DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00620-0
  57. Shanafelt, T. D., & Noseworthy, J. H. (2017). Executive leadership and physician well-being: Nine organizational strategies to promote engagement and reduce burnout. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 92(1), 129146. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.10.004
  58. Sharifi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., & Mousavi-Roknabadi, R. S. (2020). Burnout among healthcare providers of COVID-19: A systematic review of epidemiology and recommendations. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 9(1), e7. DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v9i1.1004
  59. Spiers, J., Buszewicz, M., Chew-Graham, C., Dunning, A., Taylor, A. K., Gopfert, A., Van Hove, M., Teoh, K. R.-H., Appleby, L., Martin, J., & Riley, R. (2021). What challenges did junior doctors face while working during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative study. BMJ Open, 11(12), e056122. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056122
  60. Stafseth, S. K., Skogstad, L., Ræder, J., Hovland, I. S., Hovde, H., Ekeberg, Ø., & Lie, I. (2022). Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care personnel in Norwegian ICUs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a prospective, observational cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7010. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127010
  61. Taylor, S. E. (2011). Social support: A review. In The Oxford handbook of health psychology. (pp. 189214). Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195342819.013.0009
  62. Turner, S., Botero-Tovar, N., Herrera, M. A., Borda Kuhlmann, J. P., Ortiz, F., Ramirez, J. C., & Maldonado, L. F. (2021). Systematic review of experiences and perceptions of key actors and organisations at multiple levels within health systems internationally in responding to COVID-19. Implementation Science, 16(50). DOI: 10.1186/s13012-021-01114-2
  63. von Thiele Schwarz, U., Nielsen, K., Edwards, K., Hasson, H., Ipsen, C., Savage, C., Simonsen Abildgaard, J., Richter, A., Lornudd, C., Mazzocato, P., & Reed, J. E. (2021). How to design, implement and evaluate organizational interventions for maximum impact: The Sigtuna Principles. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(3), 415427. DOI: 10.1080/1359432X.2020.1803960
  64. Wu, A. W., Connors, C., & Everly, G. S. Jr. (2020). COVID-19: Peer support and crisis communication strategies to promote institutional resilience. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(12), 822823. DOI: 10.7326/M20-1236
  65. Yamane, D., Zarabian, K., Devine, K., Benjenk, I., Farrar, K., Park, O. L., Kim, J., Davison, D., & Heinz, E. (2022). Hospital-based healthcare worker perceptions of personal risk related to COVID-19: One year follow-up. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 35(2), 284294. DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.02.210272
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.224 | Journal eISSN: 2002-2867
Language: English
Page range: 2 - 2
Submitted on: Mar 28, 2023
Accepted on: Oct 2, 2023
Published on: Mar 6, 2024
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2024 Sophia Appelbom, Anna Finnes, Rikard K. Wicksell, Aleksandra Bujacz, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.