High-Performance Electric Two-Wheeler Fast Charger Based on Intelligent Control Algorithm

Subiyanto; Rizky Ajie Aprilianto; Mario Norman Syah; Bagaskoro Saputro; Abdurrakhman Hamid Al-Azhari; Nektar Cahayasabda; Bayu Adi Pambudi; Faiq Mananul Faqih; Icha Arifah Annisa; Dwi Bagas Nugroho; Siva Khaaifina Rachmat; Dewi Anggriani

doi:10.14313/jamris-2026-030

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High-Performance Electric Two-Wheeler Fast Charger Based on Intelligent Control Algorithm

Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

Volume 20 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)

By: Subiyanto, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto, Mario Norman Syah, Bagaskoro Saputro, Abdurrakhman Hamid Al-Azhari, Nektar Cahayasabda, Bayu Adi Pambudi, Faiq Mananul Faqih, Icha Arifah Annisa, Dwi Bagas Nugroho, Siva Khaaifina Rachmat and Dewi Anggriani

Open Access

|Jun 2026

Abstract

Conventional electric two-wheeler (E2W) chargers suffer from prolonged charging times and battery nonlinear characteristics, limiting user flexibility and compliance with evolving battery standards. This work developed a high-performance fast charger utilizing an interleaved buck converter (IBC) governed by a hybrid proportional integral–fuzzy logic control (PI-FLC) algorithm. The PI-FLC dynamically optimizes charging current/voltage by integrating real-time battery current, voltage, and state-of-charge (SoC) data. The IBC architecture minimizes output current ripple, enabling compact filter design. The hybrid algorithm maintains a particular voltage and current threshold, ensuring compliance with E2W battery characteristics. The proposed system achieves 0–100% SoC in 57.75 minutes—a 67.9% and 75.9% reduction compared to PID CC-CV (180 min) and PI-CV (240 min), respectively. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms several cutting-edge charging methods, such as a Zeta converter with sliding mode control (SMC) (98.1% efficiency, 80 min), Quasi-Resonant converters with hysteresis control (97.5%, 70 min), Interleaved Boost with FLC (98.5%, 65 min), and Dual Active Bridge with MPC (97.9%, 75 min). Furthermore, hardware implementation demonstrated 98.8% efficiency at 0.22 C-rate and empirically validated charger compatibility across E2W battery topologies. This work bridges the gap between rapid charging demands and battery longevity, offering a scalable solution for next-generation E2W ecosystems.

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14313/jamris-2026-030 | Journal eISSN: 2080-2145 | Journal ISSN: 1897-8649

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Language: English

Page range: 175 - 184

Submitted on: Aug 26, 2024

Accepted on: Feb 17, 2025

Published on: Jun 25, 2026

Published by: Łukasiewicz Research Network – Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements PIAP

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

electric two-wheelers (E2W),

fast charger,

interleaved buck converter (IBC),

proportional integral–fuzzy logic control (PI-FLC)

Related subjects:

Computer sciences,

Artificial intelligence,

Engineering,

Electrical engineering,

Control engineering, metrology and testing,

Mechanical engineering,

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering

© 2026 Subiyanto, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto, Mario Norman Syah, Bagaskoro Saputro, Abdurrakhman Hamid Al-Azhari, Nektar Cahayasabda, Bayu Adi Pambudi, Faiq Mananul Faqih, Icha Arifah Annisa, Dwi Bagas Nugroho, Siva Khaaifina Rachmat, Dewi Anggriani, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network – Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements PIAP
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 20 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)