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Research on A Robust Adaptive Controller with Disturbance Observer For Wheeled Mobile Robot Cover

Research on A Robust Adaptive Controller with Disturbance Observer For Wheeled Mobile Robot

Open Access
|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

WMR in coordinates and its dynamic factors

Figure 2.

Overall structure of proposed control scheme

Figure 3.

Diagram of outer-loop tracking controller

Figure 4.

Block diagram of WMR experimental control implementation

Figure 5.

Apparatus of WMR with an ArUco marker and embedded computer

Figure 6.

Setup of electric components in WMR

Figure 7.

Overall image of experimental control setup

Figure 8.

Circular trajectory tracking result by using proposed controller

Figure 9.

Circular trajectory tracking errors by using proposed controller

Figure 10.

Reference speeds of driving wheels with respect to circular trajectory generated by proposed controller

Figure 11.

Disturbances estimation with respect to circular trajectory from proposed controller

Figure 12.

Circular trajectory tracking result by controller from [33]

Figure 13.

Circular trajectory tracking error by controller from reference [33]

Figure 14.

Reference speeds of driving wheels with respect to circular trajectory generated by controller from [33]

Figure 15.

Disturbances estimation by controller from [33]

Figure 16.

Eight-like trajectory tracking result by using proposed controller

Figure 17.

Eight-like trajectory tracking error with respect to eight-like by proposed controller

Figure 18.

Reference speeds of driving wheels with respect to eight-like trajectory generated by proposed controller

Figure 19.

Disturbances estimation with respect to eight-like trajectory from proposed controller

Figure 20.

Eight-like trajectory tracking result by controller from [33]

Figure 21.

Eight-like trajectory tracking error by controller from reference [33]

Figure 22.

Reference speeds of driving wheels with respect to Eight-like trajectory generated by controller from [33]

Figure 23.

Disturbances estimation with respect to eight-like by controller from [33]

Figure 24.

Experimental tracking result with respect to circular trajectory

Figure 25.

Experimental tracking errors with respect to circular trajectory

Figure 26.

Experimental wheels velocity with respect to circular trajectory

Figure 27.

Experimental disturbances estimation with respect to circular trajectory

Figure 28.

Experimental tracking result with respect to square trajectory

Figure 29.

Experimental tracking error with respect to square trajectory

Figure 30.

Experimental wheels velocity with respect to square trajectory

Figure 31.

Experimental disturbances estimation with respect to square trajectory

Figure 32.

Experimental tracking result with respect to 4loops circular trajectory under 5 kg load

Figure 33.

Experimental tracking errors with respect to 4loops circular trajectory under 5 kg load

Figure 34.

Experimental wheels velocity with respect to 4loops circular trajectory under 5 kg load

Figure 35.

Experimental tracking result with respect to 4loops square trajectory under 5 kg load

Figure 36.

Experimental tracking errors with respect to 4loops square trajectory under 5 kg load

Figure 37.

Experimental wheels velocity with respect to 4loops circular trajectory under 5 kg load

Robot simulation parameters

ParameterDescriptionValue
rWheel radius (m)0.06
2bDriving wheel distances (m)0.31
mGWeight of robot flatform (kg)10
mWWeight of robot wheel (kg)0.7
Distance of MG (m)0.1
IGinertial moment of the platform about the vertical axis through point G (kg.m2)0.2
Iwinertial moment of each wheel about its rotational axis (kg.m2)0.0013
IDinertial moment of each wheel about its diameter axis (kg.m2)0.0038
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14313/jamris-2026-001 | Journal eISSN: 2080-2145 | Journal ISSN: 1897-8649
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 13
Submitted on: Sep 16, 2024
|
Accepted on: Nov 4, 2025
|
Published on: Mar 31, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Trong Tai Nguyen, Doan Phuc An Nguyen, Dai Nghia Tran, Phuc Bao Nguyen Nguyen, Thanh Dat Mai, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network – Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements PIAP
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.