Supporting Students’ Emotion Awareness and Regulation During an Online Group Project
References
- Boden, M. T., & Thompson, R. J. (2015). Facets of emotional awareness and associations with emotion regulation and depression. Emotion, 15(3), 399–410. 10.1037/emo0000057
- Capdeferro, N., & Romero, M. (2012). Are online learners frustrated with collaborative learning experiences? The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(2), 26–44. 10.19173/irrodl.v13i2.1127
- Coughlan, T., Lister, K., & Lucassen, M. (2021). Representing the unseen with “Our Journey”: A platform to capture affective experiences and support emotional awareness in university-level study. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 1–14. 10.1007/s41686-021-00055-9
- Donelan, H., & Kear, K. (2024). Online group projects in higher education: Persistent challenges and implications for practice. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 36, 435–46. 10.1007/s12528-023-09360-7
- Ez-zaouia, M., Tabard, A., & Lavoué, E. (2020). EMODASH: A dashboard supporting retrospective awareness of emotions in online learning. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 139,
102411 . 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102411 - Feidakis, M., Rangoussi, M., Kasnesis, P., Patrikakis, C., Kogias, D. G., & Charitopoulos, A. (2019). Affective assessment in distance learning: A semi-explicit approach. The International Journal of Technologies in Learning, 26(1),
19 . 10.18848/2327-0144/CGP/v26i01/19-34 - Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Stockinger, K., Lipnevich, A. A., Stempfer, L., & Pekrun, R. (2023).
Emotions in education . In R. Tierney, F. Rizvi, & K. Ercikan (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (4th ed., pp. 149–161). Elsevier Science. 10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.14032-1 - Graesser, A. C. (2020). Emotions are the experiential glue of learning environments in the 21st century. Learning and Instruction, 101212. 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.05.009
- Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26. 10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781
- Han, D., Hamka, S., & Kim, S. H. (2023). Dynamic text: How to effectively embed emotions in text-based computer-mediated communication. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 67(1), 2154–2159. 10.1177/21695067231192591
- Hargreaves, A. (2000). Mixed emotions: Teachers’ perceptions of their interactions with students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(8), 811–826. 10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00028-7
- Harley, J. M., Pekrun, R., Taxer, J. L., & Gross, J. J. (2019). Emotion regulation in achievement situations: An integrated model. Educational Psychologist, 54(2), 106–126. 10.1080/00461520.2019.1587297
- Herrera-Pavo, M. Á. (2021). Collaborative learning for virtual higher education. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 28,
100437 . 10.1016/j.lcsi.2020.100437 - Hilliard, J. (2022). Students’ emotional experiences in assessed, online, group activities [PhD Thesis, The Open University]. 10.21954/ou.ro.00014902
- Hilliard, J., Kear, K., Donelan, H., & Heaney, C. (2019). Exploring the emotions of distance learning students in an assessed, online, collaborative project. Connecting through Educational Technology – Proceedings of the European Distance and E-Learning Network 2019 Annual Conference, 251–259. 10.38069/edenconf-2019-ac-0028
- Hilliard, J., Kear, K., Donelan, H., & Heaney, C. (2020a). Emotion regulation strategies and goals of distance learning students in an assessed online collaborative project. In 28th ICDE World Conference on Online Learning, Dublin, Ireland. 10.38069/edenconf-2019-ac-0028
- Hilliard, J., Kear, K., Donelan, H., & Heaney, C. (2020b). Students’ experiences of anxiety in an assessed, online, collaborative project. Computers and Education, 143,
103675 . 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103675 - Järvelä, S., & Hadwin, A. (2024). Triggers for self-regulated learning: A conceptual framework for advancing multimodal research about SRL. Learning and Individual Differences, 115,
102526 . 10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102526 - Järvenoja, H., Järvelä, S., & Malmberg, J. (2020). Supporting groups’ emotion and motivation regulation during collaborative learning. Learning and Instruction, 70,
101090 . 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.11.004 - Järvenoja, H., Näykki, P., & Törmänen, T. (2019). Emotional regulation in collaborative learning: When do higher education students activate group level regulation in the face of challenges? Studies in Higher Education, 44(10), 1747–1757. 10.1080/03075079.2019.1665318
- Kozubal, M., Szuster, A., & Wielgopolan, A. (2023). Emotional regulation strategies in daily life: The intensity of emotions and regulation choice. Frontiers in Psychology, 14,
1218694 . 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1218694 - Lavoué, E., Kazemitabar, M., Doleck, T., Lajoie, S. P., Carrillo, R., & Molinari, G. (2020). Towards emotion awareness tools to support emotion and appraisal regulation in academic contexts. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(1), 269–292. 10.1007/s11423-019-09688-x
- Linnenbrink-Garcia, L., Patall, E. A., & Pekrun, R. (2016). Adaptive motivation and emotion in education: Research and principles for instructional design. Climate, Motivation, and Emotion, 3(2), 228–236. 10.1177/2372732216644450
- Linnenbrink-Garcia, L., Wormington, S. V., & Ranellucci, J. (2016).
Measuring affect in educational contexts: A circumplex approach . In M. Zembylas, & P. A. Schutz (Eds.), Methodological advances in research on emotion and education (pp. 165–178). Springer. 10.1007/978-3-319-29049-2_13 - Loderer, K., Pekrun, R., & Lester, J. C. (2020). Beyond cold technology: A systematic review and meta-analysis on emotions in technology-based learning environments. Learning and Instruction, 70,
101162 . 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.08.002 - Luo, R., & Wang, Y. (2023). Enjoyment, boredom, and perceived effectiveness of learners in language MOOCs: The mediating effect of self-regulated learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 14,
1145773 . 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145773 - MacCann, C., Jiang, Y., Brown, L. E. R., Double, K. S., Bucich, M., & Minbashian, A. (2020). Emotional intelligence predicts academic performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletinulletin, 146(2), 150–186. 10.1037/BUL0000219
- Nakamura, S. (2023). Emotion regulation and strategy instruction in learning. Springer. 10.1007/978-3-031-42116-7
- Olsen, R. (2008).
Self-selection bias . In P. J. Lavrakas (Ed.), Encyclopedia of survey research methods (pp. 809–811). SAGE Publications. - Pekrun, R. (2020). Self-report is indispensable to assess students’ learning. Frontline Learning Research, 8(3), 185–193. 10.14786/flr.v8i3.637
- Pekrun, R. (2024). Control-value theory: From achievement emotion to a general theory of human emotions. Educational Psychology Review, 36(83). 10.1007/s10648-024-09909-7
- Pintrich, P. R. (2004). A conceptual framework for assessing motivation and self-regulated learning in college students. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 385–407. 10.1007/s10648-004-0006-x
- Rosenberg, E. L. (1998). Levels of analysis and the organization of affect. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 247–270. 10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.247
- Shea, P., Richardson, J., & Swan, K. (2022). Building bridges to advance the community of inquiry framework for online learning. Educational Psychologist, 57(3), 148–161. 10.1080/00461520.2022.2089989
- Shimizu, I., Matsuyama, Y., Duvivier, R., & van der Vleuten, C. (2022). Perceived positive social interdependence in online versus face-to-face team-based learning styles of collaborative learning: A randomized, controlled, mixed-methods study. BMC Medical Education, 22(567). 10.1186/s12909-022-03633-y
- Subic-Wrana, C., Beutel, M. E., Brähler, E., Stöbel-Richter, Y., Knebel, A., Lane, R. D., & Wiltink, J. (2014). How is emotional awareness related to emotion regulation strategies and self-reported negative affect in the general population? PLoS ONE, 9(3),
e91846 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0091846 - Tsujimoto, M., Saito, T., Matsuzaki, Y., & Kawashima, R. (2024). Role of positive and negative emotion regulation in well-being and health: The interplay between positive and negative emotion regulation abilities is linked to mental and physical health. Journal of Happiness Studies, 25(1),
25 . 10.1007/s10902-024-00714-1 - Wang, Y., Cao, Y., Gong, S., Wang, Z., Li, N., & Ai, L. (2022). Interaction and learning engagement in online learning: The mediating roles of online learning self-efficacy and academic emotions. Learning and Individual Differences, 94(102128). 10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102128
- Webster, E. A. (2019). Regulating emotions in computer-supported collaborative problem-solving tasks. University of Victoria.
- Wright, R. N., Adcock, R. A., & LaBar, K. S. (2025). Learning emotion regulation: An integrative framework. Psychological Review, 131(1), 173–203. 10.1037/rev0000506
- Wu, R., & Yu, Z. (2022). Exploring the effects of achievement emotions on online learning outcomes: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13,
977931 . 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977931 - Yildiz Durak, H., & Atman Uslu, N. (2023). Group regulation guidance through agile learning strategies: Empowering co-regulation, transactive memory, group cohesion, atmosphere, and participation. Educational Technology Research and Development, 71(4), 1653–1685. 10.1007/s11423-023-10237-w
- Zhoc, K. C., Cai, Y., Yeung, S. S., & Shan, J. (2022). Subjective wellbeing and emotion regulation strategies: How are they associated with student engagement in online learning during Covid-19? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), 1537–1549. 10.1111/bjep.12513
Journal eISSN: 1027-5207
Language: English
Page range: 7 - 7
Submitted on: Aug 21, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 21, 2025
Published on: Sep 8, 2025
Published by: EDEN Digital Learning Europe
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2025 Jake Hilliard, Karen Kear, Helen Donelan, Patrick Wong, Caroline Heaney, published by EDEN Digital Learning Europe
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.