Toward a Critical Approach for OER: A Case Study in Removing the ‘Big Five’ from OER Creation
By: Kris Joseph, Julia Guy and Michael B. McNally
References
- Abeywardena, I.S. (2012). The re-use and adaptation of open educational resources (OER): An exploration of technologies available. Commonwealth of Learning. Retrieved from http://oasis.col.org/handle/11599/233
- Abeywardena, I.S., Choy Y.T., & Raviraja, S. (2012). Conceptual framework for parametrically measuring the desirability of open educational resources using D-Index. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 13(2), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v13i2.1177
- Adobe (2017, July 25). Flash & the future of interactive content [Blog post]. Adobe Blog. Retrieved from https://theblog.adobe.com/adobe-flash-update/
- Akinyemi, E.P. (2019, March 10). Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft, Google and Apple rule the online world. Should we be worried. Cowboy Funk/Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/cowboy-funk/bigfive-cb24db105435
- Almeida, N. (2017). Open educational resources and the rhetorical paradox in the neoliberal univers(ity). Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, 1, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.24242/jclis.v1i1.16
- Alpi, K., Cross, W., Raschke, G., & Sullivan, M. (2017). The North Carolina State University Libraries’ Alt-Textbook Project. In C. Diaz (Ed.), Affordable course materials: Electronic textbooks and open educational resources (69–89). Chicago, ALA Editions.
- Amiel, T. (2012). Identifying barriers to the remix of translated open educational resources. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 41(1), 16–144. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i1.1351
- Annand, D. (2015). Developing a sustainable financial model in higher education for open educational resources. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 16(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v16i5.2133
- Apache (2019). Impress video converter. Retrieved from https://extensions.openoffice.org/en/project/impress-video-converter
- Arthur, W.B. (1990). Positive feedbacks in the economy. Scientific American 262 (2): 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0290-92
- Ascensio System SIA (2019a). General Questions FAQ [OnlyOffice]. Retrieved from https://helpcenter.onlyoffice.com/faq/faq.aspx
- Ascensio System SIA (2019b). OnlyOffice for the Greater Good. Retrieved from https://www.onlyoffice.com/nonprofit-organizations.aspx
- Barwise, T.P., & Watkins, L. (2018). The evolution of digital dominance: How and why we got to GAFA. In M. Moore and D. Tambini (Eds.), Digital dominance: The power of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple (pp. 21–49). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Bayne, S., Knox, J. & Ross, J. (2015). Open education: The need for a critical approach. Learning, Media and Technology, 40(3), 247–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2015.1065272
- Built With (2019a). CreativeCommons.org: Detailed Technology Profile. Retrieved from https://builtwith.com/detailed/creativecommons.org
- Built With (2019b). Wikimedia.org: Detailed Technology Profile. Retrieved from https://builtwith.com/detailed/wikimedia.org
- Christiansen, E.G., & McNally, M.B. (2018). Open enough? Eight factors to consider when transition from closed to open resources and courses: A conceptual framework. Paper presented at the Open Education Global Conference, Delft, Netherlands.
24 Apr. 2018 . Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11205/366 - Crissinger, S. (2015, October). A critical take on OER practices: Interrogating, commercialization, colonialism and content. In the Library with the Lead Pipe. Retrieved from http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2015/a-critical-take-on-oer-practices-interrogating-commercialization-colonialism-and-content/
- de Langen, F. (2011). There is no business model for open educational resources: A business model approach. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 26(3), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2011.611683
- de Langen, F. (2013). Strategies for sustainable business models for open educational resources. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(2), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i2.1533
- de Langen, F., & Bitter-Rijkema, M.E. (2012). Positioning the OER business models for open education. European Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 1. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ979599.pdf
- Dholakia, U.M., King, W.J., & Baraniuk, R. (2006). What makes an open education program sustainable? The case of Connections. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/36781781.pdf
- Dichev, C., & Dicheva, D. (2012). Open educational resources in computer science teaching. Proceedings of the ACM SIGSE 2012 (pp. 619–624). http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2157136.2157314
- Digg (2018, February 6). Why AWS dominates the internet. Retrieved from http://digg.com/2018/why-aws-dominates-the-internet
- Downes, S. (2007). Models for sustainable open educational resources. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 3(1), 29–44. Retrieved from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/44796/
- Dyer-Witheford, N. (1999). Cyber-Marx: Cycles and circuits of struggle in high-technology capitalism. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
- Falconer, I., Littlejohn, A., McGill, L., & Beetham, H. (2016). Motives and tensions in the release of open educational resources: The UKOER program. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 32(4), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.2258
- Farrow, R. (2017). Open education and critical pedagogy. Learning, Media and Technology, 42(2), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2016.1113991
- Feenberg, A. (1995). Subversive rationalization: Technology, power and democracy. In A. Feenberg and A. Hannay (Eds.) Technology and the politics of knowledge (pp. 3–22). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
- Feenberg, A. (2002). Transforming technology: A critical theory revisited. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Feenberg, A. (2009). Critical theory of technology: An overview. G.J. Leckie and J. Buschman (Eds.).In Information Technology in Librarianship: New Critical Approaches (pp. 31–46). Westport, CN: Libraries Unlimited.
- Flyvberg, B. (2004). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. In C. Seale, G. Gobo, J.F. Gubrium, and D. Silverman (Eds.) Qualitative research practice (pp. 390–404). London: Sage.
- George, A.L., & Bennett, A. (2004). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Gerring, J. (2007). Case study research. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
- Hill, K. (2019, February 7). I cut the ‘Big Five’ tech giants from my life. It was hell.” Gizmodo. Retrieved from https://gizmodo.com/i-cut-the-big-five-tech-giants-from-my-life-it-was-hel-1831304194
- Hilton
III , J., Wiley, D., Stein, J., & Johnson, A. (2010). The four R’s of openness and ALMS analysis: Frameworks for open educational resources. Open Learning, 25(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680510903482132 - Koohang, A., & Harman, K. (2007). Advancing sustainability of open educational resources. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 4, 535–544. Retrieved from http://proceedings.informingscience.org/InSITE2007/IISITv4p535-544Kooh275.pdf
- Knox, J. (2013a). Five critiques of the open educational resources movement. Teaching in Higher Education, 18(8), 821–832. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2013.774354
- Knox, J. (2013b). The limitations of access alone: Moving towards open process in educational technology. Open Praxis, 5(1), 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.5.1.36
- Lane, A. (2008). Reflections on sustaining open educational resources: An institutional case study. eLearning Papers, 10. Retrieved from https://oerknowledgecloud.org/sites/oerknowledgecloud.org/files/Lane-090225012906-phpapp01.pdf
- Leedy, P.D., & Ormrod, J.E. (2005). Practical research: Planning and design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- Manjoo, F., & Gross T. (2017, October 26). How 5 tech giants have become more like governments than companies. Fresh Air/NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2017/10/26/560136311/how-5-tech-giants-have-become-more-like-governments-than-companies
- McNally, M.B., & Christiansen, E.G. (2019). Open enough? Eight factors to consider when transitioning from closed to open resources and courses: A conceptual framework. First Monday, 24(6). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i6.9180
- Merriam, S.B. (1988). Case study research in education. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass Publishers.
- Merriam, S.B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass Publishers.
- Meyer, D. (2008, April 30). Mozilla warns of Flash and Silverlight ‘agenda’. ZDNet. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20081227145942/http://news.zdnet.com/2424-3515_22-199508.html
- Nielsen, J. (2000, October 29). Flash: 99% bad. Nielsen Norman Group. Retrieved from https://www.nngroup.com/articles/flash-99-percent-bad/.
- Nikoi, S., & Armellini, A. (2012). The OER mix in higher education: Purpose, process, product and policy. Distance Education, 33(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2012.697439
- Noam, E.M. (2009). Media ownership and concentration in America. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Oberhaus, D. (2018, December 13). How IqQuit Apple, Microsoft, Google, Facebook and Amazon. Vice. Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ev3qw7/how-to-quit-apple-microsoft-google-facebook-amazon
- Oliver, M. (2015). From openness to permeability: Reframing open education in terms of positive liberty in the enactment of academic practices. Learning, Media and Technology, 40(3), 365–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2015.1029940
- Pomerantz, J., & Peek, R. (2016). Fifty shades of open. First Monday, 21(5). http://firstmonday.org/article/view/6360/5460
- Preimesberger, C. (2018, July 1–2). Cloud revenues up 50 percent over 2017; AWS increases its lead. EWeek. Retrieved from https://www.eweek.com/cloud/cloud-revenues-up-50-percent-over-2017-aws-increases-its-lead
- Rhoads, R.A., Berdan, J. & Toven-Lindsey, B. (2013). The open courseware movement in higher education: Unmasking power and raising questions about the movement’s democratic potential. Educational Theory, 63(1), 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/edth.12011
- Richter, T., & Veith, P. (2014). Fostering the exploitation of open educational resources. Open Praxis, 6(3), 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.6.3.139
- Schuwer, R., Lane, A., Counotte-Potman, A., & Wilson, M. (2011). A comparison of production processes for OER. Open Courseware Consortium Global Meeting,
4–6 May, 2011 , Cambridge, MA. Retrieved from http://oro.open.ac.uk/29817/2/307800D6.pdf - Schuwer, R., Wilson, T., van Valkenberg, W., & Lane, A. (2010). Production of OER: A quest for efficiency. 7th Annual Open Education Conference,
2–4 Nov. 2010 , Barcelona, Spain. Retrieved from http://oro.open.ac.uk/25418/1/Production_of_OER_-_Definitief.pdf - Selwyn, N. (2013). Distrusting educational technology: Critical questions for changing times. New York: Routledge.
- Selwyn, N, & Facer, K. (2013). Introduction: The need for a politics of education and technology. In N. Selwyn and K. Facer (Eds.) In The Politics of education and technology: Conflicts, controversies and connections (pp. 1–17). New York: Palgrave.
- Singer, N. (2017, May 13). How Google took over the classroom. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/13/technology/google-education-chromebooks-schools.html
- Stallman, R. (2002). Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman, J. Gay (Ed). Boston: GNU Press. Retrieved from https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fsfs/rms-essays.pdf
- Stallman, R., & Papatheodorou, T. (2012, May). An interview for OUGH! GNU. Retrieved from https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/ough-interview.en.html
- Stuurman, S., van Eekelen, M, & Heeren, B. (2012). A new method for sustainable development of open educational resources. Proceedings of the Second Computer Science Education Research Conference (CSERC ’12) (pp. 55–66). https://doi.org/10.1145/2421277.2421284
- Taplin, J.T. (2017). Move fast and break things: How Facebook, Google, and Amazon cornered culture and undermined democracy. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
- UNESCO (2002). Forum on the impact of open courseware for higher education in developing countries: Final report. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000128515
- University of Alberta (2019). Opening Up Copyright Instructional Modules. Retrieved from https://sites.library.ualberta.ca/copyright/
- van der Merwe, A.D. (2013). The Durban University of Technology’s experiences of open educational resources. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 12(8), 883–894. Retrieved from http://er.dut.ac.za/handle/123456789/20
- Wang, S. & Wang, H. (2017). Adoption of open educational resources (OER) textbook for an introductory information systems course. Online Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 32(3), 224–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2017.1354762
- Wayner, P. (2000). Free for all: How Linux and the free software movement undercut the high-tech titans. New York: Harper Business. Retrieved from http://www.wayner.org/books/ffa/ffa-2002-12-13-mod.pdf
- Weiland, S. (2015). Open educational resources: American ideals, global questions. Global Education Review, 2(3): 4–22. https://ger.mercy.edu/index.php/ger/article/view/128
- Wiley, D. (N.d.). Open content definition. Retrieved from https://opencontent.org/definition/
- Wiley, D. (2007a). On the sustainability of open educational resource initiatives in higher education. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development – Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/38645447.pdf
- Wiley, D. (2007b, August 8). Open education license draft.” iterating toward openness. Retrieved from https://opencontent.org/blog/archives/355
- Wiley, D., Bliss, T.J. & McEwen, M. (2014). Open educational resources: A review of the literature.” In J.M. Spectro, M.D. Merrill, J. Elen, and M.J. Bishop (Eds.) Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 781–89). New York: Springer. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3185-5_63.
- Winner, L. (1986). The whale and the reactor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Yin, R.K. (2016). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th Ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.11.4.1020 | Journal eISSN: 2304-070X
Language: English
Page range: 355 - 367
Submitted on: Jul 26, 2019
Accepted on: Oct 7, 2019
Published on: Dec 31, 2019
Published by: International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2019 Kris Joseph, Julia Guy, Michael B. McNally, published by International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.