Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Pathway to Quiet Quitting: Role of Sense of Community and Role Stress Between Engaging Leadership and Course Tutors’ Burnout Cover

Pathway to Quiet Quitting: Role of Sense of Community and Role Stress Between Engaging Leadership and Course Tutors’ Burnout

Open Access
|Jun 2026

References

  1. Agyapong, B., Brett-MacLean, P., Burback, L., Agyapong, V. I. O., & Wei, Y. (2023). Interventions to reduce stress and burnout among teachers: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(9), 5625. 10.3390/ijerph20095625
  2. Agyapong, B., Obuobi-Donkor, G., Burback, L., & Wei, Y. (2022). Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among teachers: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10706. 10.3390/ijerph191710706
  3. Antoniou, A. S., Ploumpi, A., & Ntalla, M. (2013). Occupational stress and professional burnout in teachers of primary and secondary education: The role of coping strategies. Psychology, 4(3), 349355. 10.4236/psych.2013.43A051
  4. Aryee, G. S. (2021). Influence of interpersonal solidarity, sense of community and career commitment on junior high school teachers’ burnout in Ketu-South municipality (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Coast). https://ir.ucc.edu.gh/xmlui/handle/123456789/7662
  5. Atalay, M., & Dağıstan, U. (2024). Quiet quitting: A new wine in an old bottle? Personnel Review, 53(4), 10591074. 10.1108/PR-02-2023-0122
  6. Aydin, E., & Azizoğlu, Ö. (2022, October). A new term for an existing concept: Quiet quitting – a self-determination perspective. International Congress on Critical Debates in Social Sciences (pp. 285295). https://iccdss.idu.edu.tr/?page_id=727.
  7. Aydın, M., & Levent, A. F. (2025). This Is not me! How quiet quitting becomes real resignation? Psychology in the Schools, 62(10), 116 10.1002/pits.23577
  8. Baidoo, M. A., Ansah, E. W., & Essien-Baidoo, S. (2023). Psychosocial work environment and burnout among employees of a Ghanaian Public University. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 61(1), 115. 10.1080/14635240.2023.2282129
  9. Bălănescu, R. C. (2019). Teaching emotions, stress, and burnout among teachers in secondary education. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 10(2), 119127. 10.70594/brain/v10.i2/12
  10. Barath, M. (2024, January). The risks of quiet quitting: Exploring the impact of telework on employee psychological departure. 9th International Scientific Conference ERAZ 2023–Conference Proceedings. 10.31410/ERAZ.2023.249
  11. Barrenechea, I. (2022). Teachers perceived sense of well-being through the lens of mattering: Reclaiming the sense of community. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 7(4), 368389. 10.1108/JPCC-12-2021-0074
  12. Boy, Y., & Sürmeli, M. (2023). Quiet quitting: A significant risk for global healthcare. Journal of Global Health, 13, 03014. 10.7189/jogh.13.03014
  13. Bozkurt, A. (2024). GenAI et al.: Cocreation, Authorship, Ownership, Academic Ethics and Integrity in a Time of Generative AI. Open Praxis, 16(1), 110. 10.55982/openpraxis.16.1.654
  14. Brackett, M. A., Palomera, R., Mojsa-Kaja, J., Reyes, M. R., & Salovey, P. (2010). Emotion-regulation ability, burnout, and job satisfaction among British secondary-school teachers. Psychology in the Schools, 47(4), 406417. 10.1002/pits.20478
  15. Cancio, E. J., Larsen, R., Mathur, S. R., Estes, M. B., Johns, B., & Chang, M. (2018). Special education teacher stress: Coping strategies. Education and Treatment of Children, 41(4), 457481. 10.1353/etc.2018.0025
  16. Carroll, A., Forrest, K., Sanders-O’Connor, E., Flynn, L., Bower, J. M., Fynes-Clinton, S., York, A., & Ziaei, M. (2022). Teacher stress and burnout in Australia: examining the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors. Social Psychology of Education, 25(2), 441469. 10.1007/s11218-022-09686-7
  17. Cemaloğlu, N. (2011). Primary principals’ leadership styles, school organizational health and workplace bullying. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(5), 495512. 10.1108/09578231111159511
  18. Coy, M. J. (2019). Research methodologies: Increasing understanding of the world. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(1), 7177. 10.29322/IJSRP.9.01.2019.p8511
  19. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied psychology, 86(3), 499. 10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
  20. Den Hartog, D. N., & De Hoogh, A. H. (2009). Empowering behaviour and leader fairness and integrity: Studying perceptions of ethical leader behaviour from a levels-of-analysis perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(2), 199230. 10.1080/13594320802362688
  21. Diebig, M., Bormann, K. C., & Rowold, J. (2016). A double-edged sword: Relationship between full-range leadership behaviors and followers’ hair cortisol level. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 684696. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.04.001
  22. Dishari, S., & AlAfnan, M. A. (2024). A need for emotionally intelligent leaders in educational institutions: A review of the effects of leadership style on burnout teachers. World Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 6(1), 3649. 10.18488/119.v6i1.3848
  23. Ergen, H., Giliç, F., Yücedağlar, A., & İnandi, Y. (2025). Leadership styles and quiet quitting in school context: Unveiling mobbing as a mediator. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1538444. 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1538444
  24. Fang, A. (2025). The Influence of Teacher Leadership on Students’ Academic Burnout in China: Potential Multiple Mediating Effects of Meeting Basic Psychological Needs. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1558159. 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1558159
  25. Federici, R. A., & Skaalvik, E. M. (2012). Principal self-efficacy: Relations with burnout, job satisfaction and motivation to quit. Social Psychology of Education, 15(3), 295320. 10.1007/s11218-012-9183-5
  26. Firouznia, M., Allameh, S. M., & Hosseini, S. H. (2021). Engaging leadership, engaging environment, engaging job, and engagement. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking, 11(2), 178199. 10.1504/IJPMB.2021.113740
  27. Formica, S., & Sfodera, F. (2022). The great resignation and quiet quitting paradigm shifts: An overview of current situation and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(8), 899907. 10.1080/19368623.2022.2136601
  28. Fye, H. J., Gnilka, P. B., & McLaulin, S. E. (2018). Perfectionism and school counselors: Differences in stress, coping, and burnout. Journal of Counseling & Development, 96(4), 349360. 10.1002/jcad.12218
  29. Galanis, P., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., Moisoglou, I., Gallos, P. & Kaitelidou, D. (2023). The quiet quitting scale: Development and initial validation. AIMS Public Health, 10(4), 828. 10.3934/publichealth.2023055
  30. Government Accountability Office. (2017). Contingent workforce: Size, characteristics, compensation, and work experiences of adjunct and other non-tenure-track faculty (GAO-18–49).
  31. Goddard, R., & Goddard, M. (2006). Beginning teacher burnout in Queensland schools: Associations with serious intentions to leave. The Australian Educational Researcher, 33(2), 6175. 10.1007/BF03216834
  32. Gün, İ., Balsak, H., & Ayhan, F. (2025). Mediating effect of job burnout on the relationship between organisational support and quiet quitting in nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 81(8), 46444652. 10.1111/jan.16599
  33. Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 224. 10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
  34. Hair, J. F. Jr., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107123. 10.1504/IJMDA.2017.087624
  35. Hamouche, S., Koritos, C., & Papastathopoulos, A. (2023). Quiet quitting: Relationship with other concepts and implications for tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(12), 42974312. 10.1108/IJCHM-11-2022-1362
  36. Harms, P. D., Credé, M., Tynan, M., Leon, M., & Jeung, W. (2017). Leadership and stress: A meta-analytic review. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 178194. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.10.006
  37. Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial management & data systems, 116(1), 220. 10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382
  38. Hiltzik, M. (2022, August 25). Quiet quitting is just a new name for an old reality. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-08-25/quiet-quitting-is-just-a-new-name-for-an-ancient-reality
  39. Ishaq, R., & Mahmood, A. (2017). Relationship between job stress and employee burnout: The moderating role of self-efficacy for university teachers. Journal of Research & Reflections in Education, 11(2). 100112.
  40. Kaiser, F. J., & Thompson, R. (2021). Slowing the burn: Principal leadership supports to reduce attrition. School Leadership Review, 16(1), Article 6. https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/slr/vol16/iss1/6
  41. Karadas, A., & Çevik, C. (2025). Psychometric analysis of the quiet quitting and quiet firing scale among Turkish healthcare professionals. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 31(2), e14136. 10.1111/jep.14136
  42. Kelly, R. J., & Hearld, L. R. (2020). Burnout and leadership style in behavioral health care: A literature review. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 47(4), 581600. 10.1007/s11414-019-09679-z
  43. Khan, H. S., Chughtai, M. S., & Zhiqiang, M. (2025). Empowering leadership and occupational burnout: The moderated mediation model. BMC Psychology, 13, 378. 10.1186/s40359-025-02492-8
  44. Klotz, A. C., & Bolino, M. C. (2022). When quiet quitting is worse than the real thing. Harvard Business Review, 1, 15. https://hbr.org/2022/09/when-quiet-quitting-is-worse-than-the-real-thing?ab=hero-main-text&utm_medium=paidsearch&utm_source=goo
  45. Lu, M., Al Mamun, A., Chen, X., Yang, Q., & Masukujjaman, M. (2023). Quiet quitting during COVID-19: The role of psychological empowerment. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 485. 10.1057/s41599-023-02012-2
  46. Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World psychiatry, 15(2), 103111. 10.1002/wps.20311
  47. Memiş, T. K., & Tabancalı, E. (2024). Teachers’ silent scream: Quiet quitting. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 9(3), 360415. 10.30828/real.1440040
  48. Mitchell, J. A. (2021). The Impact of Principal Leadership Styles on Teacher Retention (Doctoral dissertation, Tennessee State University). https://www.proquest.com/openview/865e82588e46e36d1fc6b99d7f946d9a/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar
  49. Mukminin, A., Habibi, A., Muhaimin, M., & Prasojo, L. D. (2020). Exploring the drivers predicting behavioral intention to use m-learning management system: Partial least square structural equation model. IEEE Access, 8, 181356181365. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3028474
  50. Nimmi, P. M., Syed, F., Manjaly, N. B., & Harsha, G. (2024). Employee’s narrative on quiet quitting–a qualitative analysis. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 46(7), 14061421. 10.1108/ER-10-2023-0538
  51. Okyere, I., Addai, P., Kumordzi, B., Wiafe-Kwagyan, M., & Adjei, B. (2024). Job insecurity and job disengagement among private security personnel: moderated-moderation model. SEISENSE Business Review, 4(1), 4456. 10.33215/6ng8b887
  52. Perrone, F., Player, D., & Youngs, P. (2019). Administrative climate, early career teacher burnout, and turnover. Journal of School Leadership, 29(3), 191209. 10.1177/1052684619836823
  53. Peterson, N. A., Speer, P. W., & McMillan, D. W. (2008). Validation of a brief sense of community scale: Confirmation of the principal theory of sense of community. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(1), 6173. 10.1002/jcop.20217
  54. Rajah, R., Song, Z., & Arvey, R. D. (2011). Emotionality and leadership: Taking stock of the past decade of research. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 11071119. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.006
  55. Ratto Dattoli, A., García Pérez, R. C., Silva, M. I., & González, M. D. C. (2015). El síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo y factores psicosociales en docentes de primaria de la ciudad de Montevideo. Ciencias Psicológicas, 9(2), 273281. 10.22235/cp.v9i2.614
  56. Rionda-Arjona, A., & Mares-Cárdenas, M. G. (2012). Burnout en profesores de primaria y su desempeño laboral. Revista Latinoamericana de Medicina Conductual/Latin American Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 4350.
  57. Saari, T., Melin, H., Balabanova, E., & Efendiev, A. (2017). The job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement: Comparative research on Finland and Russia. Baltic Journal of Management, 12(2), 240254. 10.1108/BJM-05-2016-0112
  58. Schaufeli, W. (2021). Engaging leadership: how to promote work engagement? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 754556. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754556
  59. Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model. Career Development International, 20(5), 446463. 10.1108/CDI-02-2015-0025
  60. Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Applying the job demands-resources model: A ‘how to’ guide to measuring and tackling work engagement and burnout. Organizational Dynamics, 46(2), 120132. 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008
  61. Schaufeli, W. B., Desart, S., & De Witte, H. (2020). Burnout assessment tool (BAT) – development, validity, and reliability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9495. 10.3390/ijerph17249495
  62. Schmidt, B., Loerbroks, A., Herr, R., Litaker, D., Wilson, M., Kastner, M., & Fischer, J. (2014). Psychosocial resources and the relationship between transformational leadership and employees’ psychological strain. Work, 49(2), 315324. 10.3233/WOR-131713
  63. Serenko, A. (2024). The human capital management perspective on quiet quitting: recommendations for employees, managers, and national policymakers. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(1), 2743. 10.1108/JKM-10-2022-0792
  64. Shukla, A., & Trivedi, T. (2008). Burnout in Indian teachers. Asia Pacific Education Review, 9(3), 320334. 10.1007/BF03026720
  65. Thu Trang, P., & Thi Thu Trang, N. (2024). Job burnout and quiet quitting in Vietnamese banking sector: The moderation effect of optimism. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2371549. 10.1080/23311975.2024.2371549
  66. Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2011). Do transformational leaders enhance their followers’ daily work engagement? The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 121131. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.011
  67. von Hippel, C., Brener, L., Rose, G., & von Hippel, W. (2019). Perceived inability to help is associated with client-related burnout and negative work outcomes among community mental health workers. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(6), 15071514. 10.1111/hsc.12821
  68. Wallace, E., & Coughlan, J. (2023). Burnout and counterproductive workplace behaviours among frontline hospitality employees: The effect of perceived contract precarity. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(2), 451468. 10.1108/IJCHM-02-2022-0195
  69. Wang, Y., Ramos, A., Wu, H., Liu, L., Yang, X., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2015). Relationship between occupational stress and burnout among Chinese teachers: a cross-sectional survey in Liaoning, China. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 88(5), 589597. 10.1007/s00420-014-0987-9
  70. Wong, V., Ruble, L. A., McGrew, J. H., & Yu, Y. (2017). An empirical study of multidimensional fidelity of COMPASS consultation. School Psychology Quarterly, 33(2), 251. 10.1037/spq0000217
  71. World Health Organization. (2019, May 28). Burn-out an “occupational phenomenon”: International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases
  72. Xueyun, Z., Al Mamun, A., Masukujjaman, M., Rahman, M. K., Gao, J., & Yang, Q. (2023). Modelling the significance of organizational conditions on quiet quitting intention among Gen Z workforce in an emerging economy. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15438. 10.1038/s41598-023-42591-3
  73. Yisa, Y. O., Aremu, N. S., & Abogunrin, P. A. (2024). Quiet quitting in the Nigerian healthcare sector: Investigating underlying motives and consequences on corporate productivity. Journal of Process Management and New Technologies, 12(3–4), 3041. 10.5937/jpmnt12-51667
  74. Yu, X., Wang, P., Zhai, X., Dai, H., & Yang, Q. (2015). The effect of work stress on job burnout among teachers: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Social Indicators Research, 122(3), 701708. 10.1007/s11205-014-0716-5
  75. Zhao, W., Liao, X., Li, Q., Jiang, W., & Ding, W. (2022). The relationship between teacher job stress and burnout: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 784243. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.784243
Language: English
Page range: 254 - 274
Submitted on: Sep 23, 2025
Accepted on: Oct 29, 2025
Published on: Jun 2, 2026
Published by: International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Samuel Yaw Ampofo, Vera Arhin, Michael Boakye-Yiadom, Samuel Oppong, published by International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.