Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Computer Testing, Formative or Summative, and Proctoring: Does it Matter? Lessons Learned From the Dutch Interuniversity Progress Test of Medicine During the Corona Pandemic Cover

Computer Testing, Formative or Summative, and Proctoring: Does it Matter? Lessons Learned From the Dutch Interuniversity Progress Test of Medicine During the Corona Pandemic

Open Access
|Feb 2026

References

  1. Tio RA, Schutte B, Meiboom AA, Greidanus J, Dubois EA, Bremers AJA. The progress test of medicine: the Dutch experience. Perspect Med Educ. 2016;5(1):515. DOI: 10.1007/S40037-015-0237-1
  2. Aristovnik A, Keržič D, Ravšelj D, Tomaževič N, Umek L. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective. Sustainability. 2020;12(20):8438. DOI: 10.3390/su12208438
  3. Nurunnabi M, Almusharraf N. Social distancing and reopening universities after the COVID-19 pandemic: policy complexity in G20 countries. J Public Health Res. 2020;9(4):1957. DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1957
  4. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2022.
  5. Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw. 2015;67(1):148. DOI: 10.18637/jss.v067.i01
  6. Fox J, Weisberg S. An R companion to applied regression. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage; 2019.
  7. Cecilio-Fernandes D, Kerdijk W, Jaarsma D, Tio RA. Development of cognitive processing and judgments of knowledge in medical students: analysis of progress test results. Med Teach. 2016;38(11):11259. DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2016.1170781
  8. Karay Y, Schauber SK, Stosch C, Schüttpelz-Brauns K. Computer versus paper—does it make any difference in test performance? Teach Learn Med. 2015;27(1):5762. DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2014.979175
  9. Backes B, Cowan J. Is the pen mightier than the keyboard? The effect of online testing on measured student achievement. Econ Educ Rev. 2019;68:89103. DOI: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.12.007
  10. Gu L, Ling G, Liu OL, Yang Z, Li G, Kardanova E, et al. Examining mode effects for an adapted Chinese critical thinking assessment. Assess Eval High Educ. 2021;46(6):87993. DOI: 10.1080/02602938.2020.1836121
  11. Yu W, Iwashita N. Comparison of test performance on paper-based testing and computer-based testing by English-majored undergraduate students in China. Lang Test Asia. 2021;11(1):32. DOI: 10.1186/s40468-021-00147-0
  12. Toroujeni SMH. Computerized testing in reading comprehension skill. Educ Inf Technol. 2022;27(2):1771810. DOI: 10.1007/s10639-021-10584-2
  13. Anakwe B. Comparison of student performance in paper-based versus computer-based testing. J Educ Bus. 2008;84(1):137. DOI: 10.3200/JOEB.84.1.13-17
  14. Gordanier J, Ozturk O, Zhan C. Pencils down? Computerized testing and student achievement. Educ Finance Policy. 2023;18(2):23252. DOI: 10.1162/edfp_a_00373
  15. Dillon A. Reading from paper versus screens: a critical review. Ergonomics. 1992;35(10):1297326. DOI: 10.1080/00140139208967394
  16. Couto LB, Durand MT, Wolff ACD. Formative assessment scores correlate with OSCE and progress testing. Med Teach. 2019;41(2):1905.
  17. Devine OP, Harborne AC, McManus IC. Assessment at UK medical schools correlates with postgraduate attainment. BMC Med Educ. 2015;15:146. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0428-9
  18. McManus IC, Elder AT, de Champlain A, et al. Performance differences on MRCP(UK). BMC Med. 2008;6:5. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-6-5
  19. Seagrave MP, Foster-Johnson L, Waits JB. Enhancing examination success. Med Sci Educ. 2022;32(3):4519. DOI: 10.1007/s40670-022-01568-z
  20. Alessio HM, Malay N, Maurer K, et al. Effect of proctoring on online test scores. Online Learn. 2017;21(1). DOI: 10.24059/olj.v21i1.885
  21. Bergmans L, Bouali N, Luttikhuis M, Rensink A. Efficacy of online proctoring using Proctorio. CSEDU. 2021:27990. DOI: 10.5220/0010399602790290
  22. Coghlan S, Miller T, Paterson J. Ethics of online exam supervision technologies. Philos Technol. 2021;34:1581606. DOI: 10.1007/s13347-021-00476-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/pme.1771 | Journal eISSN: 2212-277X
Language: English
Submitted on: Mar 3, 2025
|
Accepted on: Dec 15, 2025
|
Published on: Feb 11, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Jan Hindrik Ravesloot, Jeroen Donkers, Ariadne A. Meiboom, Alexandra M. J. Langers, Bram Jacobs, Rene Tio, Cees van der Vleuten, Andreas J. A. Bremers, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.