Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
The survival rate (%) of LAB in simulated bile, gastric fluid, and intestinal fluid_
| Strains | Simulated bile | Simulated gastric fluid | Simulated intestinal fluid |
|---|---|---|---|
| L. fermentum JX306 | 78.28 ± 0.18 a | 53.05 ± 1.75 a | 42.07 ± 6.52 a |
| L. fermentum GZ394 | 74.61 ± 4.67 a | 30.57 ± 3.68 b | 27.26 ± 4.95 b |
| L. plantarum SC34 | 65.09 ± 6.33 b | 5.34 ± 1.92 c | 12.23 ± 1.85 e |
| L. splantarum GZ328 | 74.48 ± 1.79 a | 1.51 ± 0.22 e | 9.75 ± 0.45 f |
| Pediococcus pentosaceus GZ430 | 22.99 ± 3.12 d | 3.62 ± 1.11 d | 15.26 ± 2.34 d |
| Leuconostoc mesenteroides YN295 | 33.89 ± 0.96 c | 5.34 ± 0.79 c | 17.28 ± 0.56 c |
Groups of experimental animals_
| Group | Number | Experimental treatments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral administration | Intraperitoneal injection | ||
| NC | 10 | Normal saline (0.85%, 20 ml/kg BW) | Normal saline (0.85%, 20 ml/kg BW) |
| MC | 10 | Normal saline (0.85%, 20 ml/kg BW) | D-galactose (30 g/l, 200 mg/kg BW) |
| PC | 10 | Vitamin C (30 g/l, 200 mg/kg BW) | D-galactose (30 g/l, 200 mg/kg BW) |
| LD | 10 | L. fermentum JX306 (108 CFU/day) | D-galactose (30 g/l, 200 mg/kg BW) |
| MD | 10 | L. fermentum JX306 (109 CFU/day) | D-galactose (30 g/l, 200 mg/kg BW) |
| HD | 10 | L. fermentum JX306 (1010 CFU/day) | D-galactose (30 g/l, 200 mg/kg BW) |
The selected LAB strains with high antioxidant activity_
| Strains | DPPH scavenging rate (%) | Hydrogen radicals scavenging rate (%) | Inhibition rate of lipid peroxidation (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| L. fermentum JX306 | 37.29 ± 1.75 a | 37.90 ± 0.29 a | 28.14 ± 2.97 a |
| L. fermentum GZ394 | 34.92 ± 3.57 a | 35.02 ± 1.70 b | 23.89 ± 1.60 b |
| L. plantarum SC34 | 23.09 ± 4.00 c | 34.50 ± 1.44 b | 12.69 ± 0.23 d |
| L. plantarum GZ328 | 27.83 ± 2.25 b | 29.21 ± 1.60 c | 20.85 ± 2.07 bc |
| Pediococcus pentosaceus GZ430 | 16.22 ± 0.89 d | 23.32 ± 1.62 d | 18.01 ± 2.09 c |
| Leuconostoc mesenteroides YN295 | 15.26 ± 0.67 d | 34.31 ± 1.18 b | 14.43 ± 1.29 d |