Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Emerging Technologies for the Diagnosis and Testing of Avionics Components in Defense Aviation Maintenance: A Systematic Review (2020–2025) Cover

Emerging Technologies for the Diagnosis and Testing of Avionics Components in Defense Aviation Maintenance: A Systematic Review (2020–2025)

Open Access
|Sep 2026

References

  1. Federal Aviation Administration. Advisory circular AC No. 91–91: Maintaining public aircraft. Washington (DC): Federal Aviation Administration; 2016.
  2. Yasuda YDV, Cappabianco FAM, Martins LEG, Gripp JAB. Aircraft visual inspection: a systematic literature review. Comput Ind. 2022;141:103695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103695
  3. División de Aviación Asalto Aéreo. Manual general de mantenimiento de la aviación del Ejército. 1st ed. Ejército Nacional de Colombia; 2016.
  4. Kinnison HA, Siddiqui T. Aviation maintenance management. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw–Hill Education; 2013.
  5. Eddarhri M, Adib J, Hain M, Marzak A. Towards predictive maintenance: the case of the aeronautical industry. Procedia Comput Sci. 2022;203:769–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.115
  6. DAVAA. Datos estadísticos de reparaciones del Caution Warning Panel obtenidos del sistema ERP SAP en el período 2019–2023. División de Aviación Asalto Aéreo del Ejército Nacional de Colombia; 2023. Unpublished internal report.
  7. DAVAA. Datos estadísticos obtenidos del Departamento de Planeación de la DAVAA. División de Aviación Asalto Aéreo del Ejército Nacional de Colombia; 2023. Unpublished internal report.
  8. Lubbe B, Potgieter T. The role of technology in airline management and operations. In: The Routledge companion to air transport management. 1st ed. Routledge; 2018. p. 331–43. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315630540-21
  9. Mofokeng T, Mativenga PT, Marnewick A. Analysis of aircraft maintenance processes and cost. Procedia CIRP. 2020;90:467–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.01.115
  10. International Air Transport Association. Airline maintenance cost executive commentary: FY2023 data. International Air Transport Association; 2023.
  11. Van der Weide T, Deng Q, Santos BF. Robust long-term aircraft heavy maintenance check scheduling optimization under uncertainty. Comput Oper Res. 2022;141:105667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2021.105667
  12. Meissner R, Rahn A, Wicke K. Developing prescriptive maintenance strategies in the aviation industry based on a discrete-event simulation framework for post-prognostics decision making. Reliab Eng Syst Saf. 2021;214:107812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107812
  13. Meissner R, Rahn A, Oestreicher A, Wicke K, Wende G. Hydrogen-based aircraft auxiliary power generation: economic and ecological comparative assessment of preventive maintenance implications. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2024;58(8):353–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.146
  14. Albakkoush S, Pagone E, Salonitis K. Scheduling challenges within maintenance, repair and overhaul operations in the civil aviation sector. SSRN Electron J. 2020. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3718006
  15. Zhao C, Zhang W, Dong F, Dai J, Dong L. Research on resource allocation method of integrated avionics system considering fault propagation risk. Int J Aerosp Eng. 2022;2022:8652818. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8652818
  16. Raza A. Maintenance model of digital avionics. Aerospace. 2018;5(2):38. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace5020038
  17. Congreso de la República de Colombia. Ley 2155 de 2021, por medio de la cual se expide la Ley de Inversión Social y se dictan otras disposiciones. Bogotá: Departamento Administrativo de la Función Pública; 2021.
  18. Rodrigues Vieira D, Loures PL. Maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) fundamentals and strategies: an aeronautical industry overview. Int J Comput Appl. 2016;135(12):21–9.
  19. Hook LR, Sizoo D, Fuller JG. How digital safety systems could revolutionize aviation safety. In: 2022 AIAA/IEEE 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE; 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc55683.2022.9925863
  20. Pereira BA, Lohmann G, Houghton L. Technology trajectory in aviation: innovations leading to value creation (2000–2019). Int J Innov Stud. 2022;6(3):128–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2022.05.001
  21. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
  22. Sukhera J. Narrative reviews: flexible, rigorous, and practical. J Grad Med Educ. 2022;14(4):414–6. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-22-00480.1
  23. Turnbull D, Chugh R, Luck J. Systematic-narrative hybrid literature review: a strategy for integrating a concise methodology into a manuscript. Soc Sci Humanit Open. 2023;7(1):100381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100381
  24. Cruzes DS, Dybå T, Runeson P, Höst M. Case studies synthesis: a thematic, cross-case, and narrative synthesis worked example. Empir Softw Eng. 2015;20(6):1634–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-014-9326-8
  25. Naeem M, Ozuem W, Howell K, Ranfagni S. A step-by-step process of thematic analysis to develop a conceptual model in qualitative research. Int J Qual Methods. 2023;22:16094069231205789. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231205789
  26. Solano MC, Cruz JC. Integrating analytics in enterprise systems: a systematic literature review of impacts and innovations. Adm Sci. 2024;14(7):138. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14070138
  27. Wang Y, Ran B, Ma L. Decoding paradoxes in digital government: strategies for the pursuit of public value. Public Adm. 2025;1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.70008
  28. Mohammed T, Saoudi T, Younes M. Leveraging AI and Industry 4.0 in aircraft maintenance: addressing challenges and improving efficiency. In: 2024 International Conference on Global Aeronautical Engineering and Satellite Technology (GAST); Marrakesh, Morocco. IEEE; 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/gast60528.2024.10520779
  29. Kranich F, Meissner R, Wicke K, Wende G. Evaluating emerging aircraft technologies towards their impact on scheduled maintenance. In: 2024 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE; 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521239
  30. Li S, Zheng P, Zheng L. An AR-assisted deep learning-based approach for automatic inspection of aviation connectors. IEEE Trans Ind Inform. 2021;17(3):1721–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3000870
  31. Frisini D, Taumaturgo V, Giulianini G, Lucini Paioni C, Morlacchi G, Poltronieri F. Technology concept of an automated system for integration testing. CEAS Aeronaut J. 2024;15(3):565–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-023-00709-3
  32. Ma HL, Sun Y, Chung SH, Chan HK. Tackling uncertainties in aircraft maintenance routing: a review of emerging technologies. Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev. 2022;164:102805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2022.102805
  33. Plastropoulos A, Fan IS, Avdelidis NP, Angus JP, Maggiore J, Atkinson H. The ‘hangar of the future’ for sustainable aviation. Aeronaut J. 2024;128(1329):2429–50. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2024.79
  34. Alomar I, Jackiva IY. Digitalization in aircraft maintenance processes. Aviation. 2023;27(2):86–94. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2023.18923
  35. Carou D. Aerospace transformation through Industry 4.0 technologies. In: SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology. Springer; 2021. p. 17–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67849-4_3
  36. Pinciroli L, Baraldi P, Zio E. Maintenance optimization in Industry 4.0. Reliab Eng Syst Saf. 2023;234:109204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109204
  37. İnan TT. Aircraft damage classification by using machine learning methods. Int J Aviat Aeronaut Aerosp. 2023;10(2):1810. https://doi.org/10.58940/2374-6793.1810
  38. Karasubasi M, Koktas Y, Sagirkaya H. Model based testing of aircraft interfaces. In: 2022 IEEE AUTOTESTCON. IEEE; 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/autotestcon47462.2022.9984712
  39. Dyachenko SA, Ilyashenko DM, Neretin ES. Overview of automation tools for avionics verification. J Phys Conf Ser. 2021;1958(1):012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1958/1/012012
  40. Hook LR, Ryan W, Skoog MA, Fuller J. Exploring the potential of automatic safety systems in general aviation. In: 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE; 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115864
  41. Dautermann T, Ludwig T, Meyer O, Ehmke L. Hardware in the loop simulation of helicopter PinS procedures using GLS avionics and an SBAS to GLS converter. In: 2021 AIAA/IEEE 40th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc52595.2021.9594422
  42. Sartaj H, Iqbal MZ, Khan MU. Testing cockpit display systems of aircraft using a model-based approach. Softw Syst Model. 2021;20(6):1977–2002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-020-00844-z
  43. Shang J. Research on intelligent fault diagnosis sensor data fusion algorithm in avionics maintenance. In: 2024 IEEE 7th International Conference on Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (AUTEEE). IEEE; 2024. p. 772–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/auteee62881.2024.10869648
  44. Du Q, Sheng M, Yu L, Zhou Z, Tian L, He S. Avionics module fault diagnosis algorithm based on hybrid attention adaptive multi-scale temporal convolution network. Entropy. 2024;26(7):550. https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070550
  45. Gao C, Li B, Dai Z. Medium and long-term fault prediction of avionics based on echo state network. Mob Inf Syst. 2022;2022:5343909. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5343909
  46. Chrysalidis P, Halle M, Thielecke F. Testing of high-lift system functions with a distributed avionics test bench. In: 2022 AIAA/IEEE 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE; 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc55683.2022.9925795
  47. Stanton I, Munir K, Ikram A, El-Bakry M. Predictive maintenance analytics and implementation for aircraft: challenges and opportunities. Syst Eng. 2023;26(2):216–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21651
  48. Liscouet-Hanke S, Jahanara H, Bauduin JL. A model-based systems engineering approach for the efficient specification of test rig architectures for flight control computers. IEEE Syst J. 2020;14(4):5441–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2970545
  49. Karkar B, Gokmenoglu F. Verification of triple redundant flight control computer system integration with hardware-in-the-loop simulation. In: 2024 IEEE AUTOTESTCON. IEEE; 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/autotestcon47465.2024.10697526
  50. Ferrell TA. Utilizing real test sets on maintenance training devices. In: MODSIM World 2014 Conference Proceedings. Pinnacle Solutions; 2014.
  51. Lu C, Xie J, Liu Z. The design of a computing platform architecture for collaborative task processing in avionics system. In: Lecture notes in mechanical engineering. Springer; 2025. p. 363–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9774-5_28
  52. Chen Y, Luo Y, Wang M, Zhong K, Xiao G, Wang G. DFCluster: an efficient algorithm to mine maximal differential biclusters for single pilot operations task synthesis safety analysis. Chin J Aeronaut. 2022;35(5):400–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2021.12.006
  53. Sáenz-Hernández C, Cuadros R, Rodríguez J, et al. Development of a test bench for fault diagnosis in the caution and warning panels of the UH-60 helicopter. Eng. 2025;6(5):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6050101
  54. Fariha A, Alwidian S, Azim A. A systematic literature review on requirements engineering and maintenance for embedded software. IEEE Access. 2024;12:114263–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3443271
  55. Pereira BA, Lohmann G, Houghton L. Innovation and value creation in the context of aviation: a systematic literature review. J Air Transp Manag. 2021;94:102076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102076
  56. Al Rawahi SH, Jamaluddin Z, Bhuiyan AB. The conceptual framework for the resources management attributes and aircraft maintenance efficiency in the aviation industries in Oman. Int J Account Finance Rev. 2020;5(3):31–40. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v5i3.808
  57. Li C, Zhang Y, Su X, Wang X. An improved optimization algorithm for aeronautical maintenance and repair task scheduling problem. Mathematics. 2022;10(20):3777. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10203777
  58. Xiong M, Wang H. Digital twin applications in aviation industry: a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2022;121(9–10):5677–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-09717-9
  59. Korchagin A, Deniskin Y, Pocebneva I, Vasilyeva O. Lean Maintenance 4.0: implementation for aviation industry. Transp Res Procedia. 2022;63:1521–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.06.164
  60. Yan W, Shi Y, Ji Z, et al. Intelligent predictive maintenance of hydraulic systems based on virtual knowledge graph. Eng Appl Artif Intell. 2023;126:106798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2023.106798
  61. Pop GI, Titu AM, Pop AB. Enhancing aerospace industry efficiency and sustainability: process integration and quality management in the context of Industry 4.0. Sustainability. 2023;15(23):16206. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316206
  62. Raza A, Ulansky V. Through-life maintenance cost of digital avionics. Appl Sci. 2021;11(2):715. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020715
  63. Karunakaran CK, David JH, George Kishore S, Mohamed Umar Ali M, Ashok Babu J, Khaja Sheriff J. Reliability augmentation through technological applications in the Indian aircraft maintenance training sector. Turk J Comput Math Educ. 2021;12(11):1964–70. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i11.6151
  64. Lee S, Kim D, Noh M, Jeong S, Kong J, Yoo Y. Propeller fault-detection method for electric-propulsion aircraft using motor signals and generative model-based semi-supervised learning. Eng Appl Artif Intell. 2025;162:112301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.112301
  65. Ruiz L, Torres M, Gómez A, Díaz S, González JM, Cavas F. Manufacturing processes transformation in the aeronautical sector in an Industry 4.0 context. Dyna (Spain). 2021;93(3):233–4. https://doi.org/10.6036/9938
  66. Sagirkaya H, Aydemir ND, Altinsoy R. Automation of avionics integration test. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Virtual Environments for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIVEMSA). IEEE; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/civemsa52099.2021.9493577
  67. Shang J. Automatic detection system for aircraft engine turbine blade faults based on improved PSO. Front Mech Eng. 2025;11:1707105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2025.1707105
  68. Silvestri L, Forcina A, Introna V, Santolamazza A, Cesarotti V. Maintenance transformation through Industry 4.0 technologies: a systematic literature review. Comput Ind. 2020;123:103335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103335
  69. Kovalenko YB, Kozlyuk IO. Method of developing automated information support for integrated modular avionics systems: monitoring, diagnostics and reliability improvement. Probl Informatiz Manag. 2024;4(80):40–52. https://doi.org/10.18372/2073-4751.80.19768
  70. Sagirkaya H, Durgun G. Avionics simulation environment. In: 2020 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC). IEEE; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/itc44778.2020.9325215
  71. Alqaryuti A, Moawad K, Salah K, Mayyas A, Jayaraman R. Blockchain-driven framework for preventive maintenance management of aircraft hydraulic systems. Discov Internet Things. 2025;5(1):50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00149-x
  72. Kabashkin I. Ontology-driven digital twin framework for aviation maintenance and operations. Mathematics. 2025;13(17):2817. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172817
  73. Kabashkin I, Perekrestov V. Ecosystem of aviation maintenance: transition from aircraft health monitoring to health management based on IoT and AI synergy. Appl Sci. 2024;14(11):4394. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114394
  74. Pugi L, Allotta B. Hardware-in-the-loop testing of on-board subsystems: some case studies and applications. In: Handbook of research on advancements in robotics and mechatronics. Vol. 2. IGI Global; 2013. p. 754–84. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4607-0.ch037
  75. Siddharth M, Rammohan A. A review on hardware in loop testing for various SAE levels of autonomous vehicle subsystems. Int J Veh Auton Syst. 2023;17(3):221–55. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvas.2023.140520
  76. Shaheen BW, Németh I. Integration of maintenance management system functions with Industry 4.0 technologies and features: a review. Processes. 2022;10(11):2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112173
  77. Dada KSJ, Akila J, Suleiman UO, Akinbinu A. Adoption and deployment of 21st century technologies in armed forces operations. J Adv Mil Stud. 2022;5(1):95–107. https://doi.org/10.37944/jams.v5i1.135
  78. Demaci U. Exploring the impact of emerging technologies on business models, customer behavior, and workforce implications. J Manag Adm Provis. 2022;2(1):26–34. https://doi.org/10.55885/jmap.v2i1.185
  79. Kearns MB, Taylor JB, Hull CE. The six facets model: technology management in the effective implementation of change. Int J Innov Technol Manag. 2005;2(1):77–100. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219877005000381
  80. Bermúdez J, Hormecheas KC, Villa EM, Castellanos ÓF, Jiménez CN, Jiménez B. Rol de la gestión de la tecnología e innovación en las instituciones militares en escenarios de posacuerdo: caso colombiano. Soc Rev Int Cienc Soc. 2019;8(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.37467/gka-revsocial.v8.2044
  81. Farrell T. The dynamics of British military transformation. Int Aff. 2008;84(4):777–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00737.x
  82. Navarro-Meneses FJ, Pablo-Marti F. Reimagining human agency in AI-driven futures: a co-evolutionary scenario framework from aviation. Eur J Futures Res. 2025;13(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-025-00260-w
  83. Meissner R, Pohya AA, Weiss O, Piotrowski D, Wende G. Regulatory pathways to certifiable condition based maintenance solutions in aviation: a comprehensive review. Prog Aerosp Sci. 2025;158:101143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101143
  84. Gallego-García S, Gejo-García J, García-García M. Development of a maintenance and spare parts distribution model for increasing aircraft efficiency. Appl Sci. 2021;11(3):1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031333
Language: English
Page range: 69 - 93
Submitted on: May 23, 2026
Accepted on: Aug 11, 2026
Published on: Sep 28, 2026
Published by: ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Cristian Sáenz-Hernández, Jorge Rodríguez, Ruben Cuadros, Johnny Parrado, Esteban Boada, published by ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.