Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.
![Layout of the DONES accelerator systems [4] (top) and the commissioning line of DONES accelerator systems (bottom).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/68f80271ec0c76225165df61/j_nuka-2025-0011_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKL7IWZU34%2F20260113%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260113T001531Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEC8aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIBemo2RDz6JQyP5ax7S4n3JssOwrmcV56ms4Gio6Jb7wAiAQmviEWOEzFmbIStQp6wAZhoPdykJDbgqJFF3fwSzktSrFBQj4%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMBMOTAGNK1cjuT8KMKpkFiFBk11mXU9LcbYtVt8ipmxd%2FobrZEDCf1EFuRId2YrsQrv8BESATmNIaxR5Eoha5L8bPyOhpAVNPKRTkFGzpNHIrWmeMQC5qu%2BPBNy%2FEy9EslC24PfbY%2FdKQz8MxroD2uQqGhtBonh%2BnLvci5NSURzuq7zG4ow3%2ByMtCE9GVw%2FJM20LfZxb6qotHiVLAvp7cjx1rqR%2FAOF7FpZObgF5z2vVeSIBSbwmUPdVk7KknxBSGAPUCWCOOhka0EwtqTD1Jz4SLjMcf%2Bu3deX%2Ft6Cu%2B4TDb3lyqaNRoupT8BkIX%2FIc8ikZ6opDRzjmcCEv89asWmUVIVWlV991RWJqI9LSO8lrOsaXi%2FShaUWUFpgWPtUtvb8lVXGt6ePGkQMQiiWY9hRkzpn9tD1lAOE6%2B%2BOhCO7%2FEslqspJ8ommnsGmdzm2gfzKcxLQUOAviv7gWjrp6avAPMEAx5GArhFnSzTXYfDoBBN1%2Bu906O14QHxmyji%2FKlNVubcpsyTRG81Vo0kURt2nxu7%2FZ3XoLFUgEGQeQDYDOCreU%2B6H0RrWXgzt8f%2FwGADVzL8bP7fhVeBFKittLNEDUGNAMrV3fUsq1Y%2BPf0JHh%2BkEA2OCFR%2BuEsLGL0JXjH9shYseA%2BiOs%2BFc4xvKjb%2BHlctfHzfwjQVKoYrZg2Nf0zSmJ0sQVe888D1YJbFG6mBoHQHCas93HtpTgYAeRz8TcNJvNlqWAI4U4e8gwdC64Xd8x7Ncyij1QpGV%2FXMKrCXP6MH%2FSqec1hyImjHEbiAypKYld%2FsByvRq4Kqos1GS3%2FbOoAf1Glt91dAkAYlI4rSOdva9kdngGtS7fjRjpKYf3jypw%2FujjwQ1lbnXBjYLJ3497FDdkiJBNef3V2m4TlpEWZldUew%2Bgw5PmVywY6sgExAzY4UvmZd%2FcqRhwjcR6WoCEvgcP2gor7oxrBshN9zBnZ4%2FZGnbUOB4ub8%2FYNm99S5rMGoVKVS0MoXiPf8X0Rcc0NlyyX37x%2FVPtNjHokaG9w4k0gA1S2jfAMtDJ%2FEEHXlSsuNf3x5HFWAgs9eSnW5x0HxJlJfNhp2Y10ZtWdxV5ASo%2BSqa0lSaH%2FbBLLZHwK%2BGXa8HJOUj%2FwQ%2BrvMaXml%2B1rATRWBaRZhDn9PtiFjIYo&X-Amz-Signature=d5b93f8e4d2c58edc56c05b552be5586369d4a2ba686b2a843353b945e30b868&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Calculated beams
| Number | Particles | Beam energy (MeV) | Beam current (mA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Protons | 2.5 | 10 |
| 2 | Deuterons | 5 | 15 |
| 3 | Deuterons | 5 | 125 |

![Layout of the DONES accelerator systems [4] (top) and the commissioning line of DONES accelerator systems (bottom).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/68f80271ec0c76225165df61/j_nuka-2025-0011_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKL7IWZU34%2F20260113%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260113T001531Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEC8aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIBemo2RDz6JQyP5ax7S4n3JssOwrmcV56ms4Gio6Jb7wAiAQmviEWOEzFmbIStQp6wAZhoPdykJDbgqJFF3fwSzktSrFBQj4%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMBMOTAGNK1cjuT8KMKpkFiFBk11mXU9LcbYtVt8ipmxd%2FobrZEDCf1EFuRId2YrsQrv8BESATmNIaxR5Eoha5L8bPyOhpAVNPKRTkFGzpNHIrWmeMQC5qu%2BPBNy%2FEy9EslC24PfbY%2FdKQz8MxroD2uQqGhtBonh%2BnLvci5NSURzuq7zG4ow3%2ByMtCE9GVw%2FJM20LfZxb6qotHiVLAvp7cjx1rqR%2FAOF7FpZObgF5z2vVeSIBSbwmUPdVk7KknxBSGAPUCWCOOhka0EwtqTD1Jz4SLjMcf%2Bu3deX%2Ft6Cu%2B4TDb3lyqaNRoupT8BkIX%2FIc8ikZ6opDRzjmcCEv89asWmUVIVWlV991RWJqI9LSO8lrOsaXi%2FShaUWUFpgWPtUtvb8lVXGt6ePGkQMQiiWY9hRkzpn9tD1lAOE6%2B%2BOhCO7%2FEslqspJ8ommnsGmdzm2gfzKcxLQUOAviv7gWjrp6avAPMEAx5GArhFnSzTXYfDoBBN1%2Bu906O14QHxmyji%2FKlNVubcpsyTRG81Vo0kURt2nxu7%2FZ3XoLFUgEGQeQDYDOCreU%2B6H0RrWXgzt8f%2FwGADVzL8bP7fhVeBFKittLNEDUGNAMrV3fUsq1Y%2BPf0JHh%2BkEA2OCFR%2BuEsLGL0JXjH9shYseA%2BiOs%2BFc4xvKjb%2BHlctfHzfwjQVKoYrZg2Nf0zSmJ0sQVe888D1YJbFG6mBoHQHCas93HtpTgYAeRz8TcNJvNlqWAI4U4e8gwdC64Xd8x7Ncyij1QpGV%2FXMKrCXP6MH%2FSqec1hyImjHEbiAypKYld%2FsByvRq4Kqos1GS3%2FbOoAf1Glt91dAkAYlI4rSOdva9kdngGtS7fjRjpKYf3jypw%2FujjwQ1lbnXBjYLJ3497FDdkiJBNef3V2m4TlpEWZldUew%2Bgw5PmVywY6sgExAzY4UvmZd%2FcqRhwjcR6WoCEvgcP2gor7oxrBshN9zBnZ4%2FZGnbUOB4ub8%2FYNm99S5rMGoVKVS0MoXiPf8X0Rcc0NlyyX37x%2FVPtNjHokaG9w4k0gA1S2jfAMtDJ%2FEEHXlSsuNf3x5HFWAgs9eSnW5x0HxJlJfNhp2Y10ZtWdxV5ASo%2BSqa0lSaH%2FbBLLZHwK%2BGXa8HJOUj%2FwQ%2BrvMaXml%2B1rATRWBaRZhDn9PtiFjIYo&X-Amz-Signature=d5b93f8e4d2c58edc56c05b552be5586369d4a2ba686b2a843353b945e30b868&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)



| Number | Particles | Beam energy (MeV) | Beam current (mA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Protons | 2.5 | 10 |
| 2 | Deuterons | 5 | 15 |
| 3 | Deuterons | 5 | 125 |
© 2025 Wojciech Grabowski, Anna Wysocka-Rabin, published by Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
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