Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.
![Layout of the DONES accelerator systems [4] (top) and the commissioning line of DONES accelerator systems (bottom).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/68f80271ec0c76225165df61/j_nuka-2025-0011_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKOK4QENUQ%2F20260303%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260303T065501Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEM3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDEGXvlPkSsUSeNfj1tZ8DBc%2BUi9qVQdDN0bC%2BbuEu2eQIgb9I%2F7pTej%2BL04vBWx46nfDkZea%2B%2Bj4ZOyJI7wSQNBO4qxQUIl%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDG59RGWNiS%2B379ouICqZBQGjA9D9HNgILsASR79R9QKJ0t2QXfxNpsSrv0pK3nbf0kHo%2FYsCAToi1xJdioEknpit1XvZPJRBakW68kqd4X4o5l3%2FYtdUy%2F%2FmWnRkaK3WBly1VdBe%2BDim69zScK7Ddn3IMlLmq71mLyqdSzYOYiS93EACt33bECmz%2FkDw5sOOV6V%2BzUAAMOuHG713aZyNVLAYbjgH4UXEiBDEDi6C3sYwIRVa48Wrkqh1anZhSIFf4zXyPZKyT06igeQpJdfOxllSr0VirHh%2FjL8lfdgRMVLxnW0TuS2kHYsxEtlGjMSB%2B8RtEX7FpNO4jhJExjuBQJVoMMyF319%2F4XFSOp9uWpSYYuY2%2FwWaA%2B%2BVdKVRB7GYqR0deMru8WPORvoOn0D1Vk2nzkG9BLqVGZ8eaKue85j%2BT2bqXTfMA%2BiOQOlWFZHJ2gbyfVNLfxGDIaIxwbmXoYO%2FnBoRTx9F56pvTZgvn47p9D4LQ3i9mVIyBaPkKiqDvLfpQPoLZ8PKLRy3%2Bo%2FrfRVhgr9QeO5k6WB0MC1rnZER2%2FU4saouCsxaGxrg8BRQQD72YcZEh2C7KlDdz9LWAa7eRPqpTqWwg2oZg6TmnMYTVQSaEr7P8xo8qP5mvrjlQ6lL8%2B0zL0H4UNRr39K6OcadZZ28wxDKRRF2hNkaFNLR1g1z1q376l91H6nFZn6qxQIUABSuPpcGdrI%2BTBjNUj9jFBaa%2BSM4L83eUhuRRLDPxda9KHY5rb1Svakw1g03%2BiBWvoZUMzxaml4sZAxh2oDKtlBfFgRNPQHrTcF4y0emTAofdBhEwW5YZnSYSupnm2epr3bqVd3sfNTcIorT1mfydbkkifLjLXVA8YWfxswxqCV%2FA%2F7lvpjX%2FN%2F7%2BPzyS9oGDYHvEwlhMNLgmc0GOrEBSRcWGoNayDMU7tIIeb9VgH5lSjNJS4TGs%2BYKGUOY9%2FZAEK6Bglzbb8p2L%2Bwe%2BABzYUCE3DHLKI%2B7ocVLkbT%2BMZc3hTji%2FFRK1ETJusEVCznB97ZdURd06MVjNn%2FsNtA7M1MJZ1pvhy%2Fz%2FtZUqzg45fZ40QaJCh8TwtVTvmF7QXuoW396HJjtEJcJBL5DSkG2uIKgYgpsnvW7kGb%2FQJobvKAf8SVZjeyCGAe8i4zubLmW&X-Amz-Signature=807c4c717196bd31f0b762b75cb227472e5654d5f4afc9a5cc772a714b7a64ce&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Calculated beams
| Number | Particles | Beam energy (MeV) | Beam current (mA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Protons | 2.5 | 10 |
| 2 | Deuterons | 5 | 15 |
| 3 | Deuterons | 5 | 125 |

![Layout of the DONES accelerator systems [4] (top) and the commissioning line of DONES accelerator systems (bottom).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/68f80271ec0c76225165df61/j_nuka-2025-0011_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKOK4QENUQ%2F20260303%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260303T065501Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEM3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDEGXvlPkSsUSeNfj1tZ8DBc%2BUi9qVQdDN0bC%2BbuEu2eQIgb9I%2F7pTej%2BL04vBWx46nfDkZea%2B%2Bj4ZOyJI7wSQNBO4qxQUIl%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDG59RGWNiS%2B379ouICqZBQGjA9D9HNgILsASR79R9QKJ0t2QXfxNpsSrv0pK3nbf0kHo%2FYsCAToi1xJdioEknpit1XvZPJRBakW68kqd4X4o5l3%2FYtdUy%2F%2FmWnRkaK3WBly1VdBe%2BDim69zScK7Ddn3IMlLmq71mLyqdSzYOYiS93EACt33bECmz%2FkDw5sOOV6V%2BzUAAMOuHG713aZyNVLAYbjgH4UXEiBDEDi6C3sYwIRVa48Wrkqh1anZhSIFf4zXyPZKyT06igeQpJdfOxllSr0VirHh%2FjL8lfdgRMVLxnW0TuS2kHYsxEtlGjMSB%2B8RtEX7FpNO4jhJExjuBQJVoMMyF319%2F4XFSOp9uWpSYYuY2%2FwWaA%2B%2BVdKVRB7GYqR0deMru8WPORvoOn0D1Vk2nzkG9BLqVGZ8eaKue85j%2BT2bqXTfMA%2BiOQOlWFZHJ2gbyfVNLfxGDIaIxwbmXoYO%2FnBoRTx9F56pvTZgvn47p9D4LQ3i9mVIyBaPkKiqDvLfpQPoLZ8PKLRy3%2Bo%2FrfRVhgr9QeO5k6WB0MC1rnZER2%2FU4saouCsxaGxrg8BRQQD72YcZEh2C7KlDdz9LWAa7eRPqpTqWwg2oZg6TmnMYTVQSaEr7P8xo8qP5mvrjlQ6lL8%2B0zL0H4UNRr39K6OcadZZ28wxDKRRF2hNkaFNLR1g1z1q376l91H6nFZn6qxQIUABSuPpcGdrI%2BTBjNUj9jFBaa%2BSM4L83eUhuRRLDPxda9KHY5rb1Svakw1g03%2BiBWvoZUMzxaml4sZAxh2oDKtlBfFgRNPQHrTcF4y0emTAofdBhEwW5YZnSYSupnm2epr3bqVd3sfNTcIorT1mfydbkkifLjLXVA8YWfxswxqCV%2FA%2F7lvpjX%2FN%2F7%2BPzyS9oGDYHvEwlhMNLgmc0GOrEBSRcWGoNayDMU7tIIeb9VgH5lSjNJS4TGs%2BYKGUOY9%2FZAEK6Bglzbb8p2L%2Bwe%2BABzYUCE3DHLKI%2B7ocVLkbT%2BMZc3hTji%2FFRK1ETJusEVCznB97ZdURd06MVjNn%2FsNtA7M1MJZ1pvhy%2Fz%2FtZUqzg45fZ40QaJCh8TwtVTvmF7QXuoW396HJjtEJcJBL5DSkG2uIKgYgpsnvW7kGb%2FQJobvKAf8SVZjeyCGAe8i4zubLmW&X-Amz-Signature=807c4c717196bd31f0b762b75cb227472e5654d5f4afc9a5cc772a714b7a64ce&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)



| Number | Particles | Beam energy (MeV) | Beam current (mA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Protons | 2.5 | 10 |
| 2 | Deuterons | 5 | 15 |
| 3 | Deuterons | 5 | 125 |
© 2025 Wojciech Grabowski, Anna Wysocka-Rabin, published by Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.