Pneumonia Detection from CXR using Adaptive Elephant Herd Optimization and Python Rectilinear Locomotion Strategy

Model	Dropout_1	Filter count	Dropout_2	Dense_activation	Dropout_3	Learning rate	Units	Epochs	Score	Loss	Accuracy
GSO	0.2	32	0.3	softmax	0.1	0.0059	32	25	0.1006	0.8929	0.7357
RSO	0.35	64	0.45	softmax	0.1	0.0052	192	45	0.1408	0.7412	0.7659
BO	0.05	256	0	softmax	0.15	0.002419	448	15	0.1789	0.4893	0.7492
PSO	0.25	128	0.25	softmax	0.07	0.00171507	260	40	0.2121	0.4893	0.8931
EHO	0.2	128	0.1	softmax	0.05	0.0038287	256	35	0.6556	0.296	0.9237
Proposed AEHO-PRLS	0.1	64	0.05	softmax	0.01	0.00024914	256	28	0.727	0.1586	0.9657

Performance comparison of the proposed model.

Table 4.

Ablation study of proposed model.

Model	Accuracy [%]
CNN	88.12
CNN + EHO	92.37
CNN + PRLS	93.12
CNN + AEHO-PRLS	96.57

Table 5.

Comparative analysis.

Model	Accuracy [%]
ResNet50	92.9
DenseNet121	93.6
EfficientNetB0	94.01
Proposed AEHO-PRLS	96.57

Table 6.

Performance comparison.

Model	Accuracy	Precision	Recall	F1-Score
GSO	73.57	74.96	76.57	74.62
RSO	76.59	73.82	72.58	73.10
BO	74.92	76.14	79.24	73.51
PSO	89.31	84.21	83.64	83.94
EHO	92.37	90.21	90.97	89.75
Proposed AEHO-PRLS	96.57	95.73	94.02	94.23

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2026-0018 | Journal eISSN: 1335-8871

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Language: English

Page range: 143 - 152

Submitted on: Jun 19, 2025

Accepted on: Apr 24, 2026

Published on: May 20, 2026

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

pneumonia,

convolutional neural networks,

Python rectilinear locomotion strategy,

chest X-ray,

adaptive elephant herd optimization,

hyperparameters

Related subjects:

Engineering,

Electrical engineering,

Control engineering, metrology and testing

© 2026 AR Guru Gokul, N Kumaratharan, P Leela Rani, N Devi, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 26 (2026): Issue 3 (June 2026)

Pneumonia Detection from CXR using Adaptive Elephant Herd Optimization and Python Rectilinear Locomotion Strategy

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Fig. 1.

Table 3.

Fig. 2.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

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