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        <title>Measurement Science Review Feed</title>
        <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/MSR</link>
        <description>Sciendo RSS Feed for Measurement Science Review</description>
        <lastBuildDate>Sun, 10 May 2026 14:10:00 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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            <title>Measurement Science Review Feed</title>
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            <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/MSR</link>
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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science</copyright>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Methods and Practical Aspects of Measuring 1/f Noise in Zero-drift Operational Amplifiers]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0017</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0017</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Operational amplifiers are an important ingredient of analogue electronic circuits, and their noise performance is an essential design parameter. However, at low frequencies, data provided by component manufacturers usually cover only a limited range (typically 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz). The frequencies below this range, critical for high-stability and precision circuits, such as signal conditioning stages, voltage references, or digitizing voltmeters, are rarely addressed. Therefore, it is often necessary to characterize the parts. The traditional noise measurement technique requires the amplifier to be configured for very high gain, which is seldom the way the amplifier is used. Different techniques for voltage noise density measurement are presented and compared in this paper, including two methods that allow for noise measurement with a unity gain configuration - a mode that has not been explored until now. Practical aspects required to obtain reliable results are highlighted. A side product of this work is an open-hardware design of an ultra low-noise amplifier, which can be used to measure the noise performance of operational amplifiers or resistors using regular measuring equipment readily available at universities or industrial laboratories.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[An Intraoperative Method for Measuring Acetabular Cup Inclination and Anteversion in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using an Inertial Measurement Unit]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0015</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0015</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Aiming to guide acetabular cup placement within the “safe zone” (40°±10° inclination, 15°±10° anteversion), this paper introduces an intraoperative inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based method for measuring cup orientation in total hip arthroplasty (THA), featuring registration and measurement phases. The registration phase establishes human-body-to-world coordinate transformations without reliance on bony landmarks or invasive contact, while the measurement phase enables real-time estimation of cup inclination and anteversion. Four experiments were conducted using a 3-axis tilt table to validate: 1) IMU’s basic angle estimation accuracy (RMSE 0.315°–0.423°); 2) robust acquisition of rotation axis vectors during the registration phase; 3) high measurement accuracy for inclination (RMSE 0.278°) and anteversion (RMSE 0.296°), with an average error vector magnitude of 0.373° (well within clinical tolerance); and 4) acceptable errors due to IMU pose changes (average error: 0.987°) and IMU drift (error increase: approximately 3.5-fold over 20 minutes, mitigated by mid-procedure reregistration). While theoretically and experimentally feasible, the method relies on patient-operating table immobility and lacks clinical validation. Offering high accuracy and cost-effectiveness, it shows potential as a standard THA navigation method with further optimization.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Quality Assurance in the Calibration of Platinum Resistance Thermometers (Pt-100) at NIS]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0016</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0016</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Ensuring the quality and accuracy of measurements is a critical aspect of the calibration process. One of the major challenges that calibration laboratories face is limited participation in international or bilateral comparisons and proficiency testing. This research aims to identify potential deviations or weaknesses in the measurement and calibration processes by implementing both scientific and practical methods to enhance measurement quality. A Python-based automation program was developed to detect deviations from acceptable tolerance limits in real-time during calibration. The proposed methodology was applied to the calibration of a platinum resistance thermometer (Pt-100) at the Thermal Measurements Laboratory of the National Institute for Standards (NIS), Egypt. The experiment demonstrated successful implementation: when measurements exceeded predefined tolerance limits, the Python program triggered an alert to halt the calibration and initiate error diagnostics. Calibration was conducted at 70 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C, with quality assurance procedures specifically applied to the 70 °C point as a case study. This methodology provides a replicable model for laboratories aiming to integrate conventional quality control (QC) with automated monitoring. The integration of statistical process control (SPC) and automation enhances reliability, minimizes human error, and offers a replicable framework for strengthening quality assurance in calibration laboratories.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[BTS-NEUNET: Brain Tissue Segmentation via White Shark Optimized Features Based Nested U-Net]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0014</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0014</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Segmenting brain tissue can provide valuable insights into its structure and function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based tissue segmentation is an essential procedure for improving tractography and quantifying brain microstructure. In this work, a novel BTS-NEUNET framework is proposed for brain tissue segmentation based on multimodal MRI images. The multimodal MRI images, such as T1W, T2W, perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), undergo pre-processing using the wavelet transform-based bilateral (WTBB) filter and the curvelet transform-based adaptive Gaussian notch (CTBAGN) filter to enhance the image quality. A hybrid DenseGoogLe network is used to extract the relevant features from the enhanced multimodal images. The proposed BTS-NEUNET method uses the White Shark Optimization Algorithm to select features from MRI images. The four types of brain tissues such as grey matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, and ischemic lesions are classified using a Deep Belief Network (DBN). Brain tissues are classified using a nested, attention-based U-Net. The proposed BTS-NEUNET method's performance is assessed using Accuracy, Precision, Recall, Specificity, and F1-Score. The proposed DenseGoogLeNet method for feature extraction achieves an overall Accuracy of 1.64 %, 4.53 %, 0.76 %, and 3.94 % higher than ShuffleNet, ResNet, GhostNet, and MobileNet, respectively. The proposed BTS-NEUNET method achieves the highest Accuracy rate of 99.60 %. The proposed BTS-NEUNET method improves overall Accuracy by 1.92 %, 1.34 %, and 1.74 % over existing methods such as DDSeg, optimal support vector machine (SVM), and chaotic based enhanced Firefly Algorithm integrated with Fuzzy C-Means (CEFAFCM), respectively.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Accurate Frequency Detection Technology Based on Quantization Phase Accumulation Effect]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0013</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0013</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

To address the quantization phase accumulation effect caused by different frequency signals during phase comparison, an accurate frequency detection technology is presented. Through quantized phase analysis, statistics, and processing of the phase difference between the different frequency signals, high-precision measurement of the measured signal is realized. This detection method uses any phase difference within a group period as the switch signal of the counter, overcoming the ±1-word quantization error in traditional frequency measurement and improving measurement accuracy and detection speed. By integrating FPGA technology, the volume of the measurement equipment has been simplified, and the cost and power consumption have been reduced. The experimental results and analysis show that the method is advanced and scientific, and the actual measurement uncertainty reaches the level of 10−13 at 1 s. Compared with traditional frequency measurement technology, this frequency detection technology offers significant advantages in power consumption, device size, and detection rate. It is crucial for Beidou satellite time synchronization, radar detection, high-precision space positioning, and other high-tech applications.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of Pressure Loss in Chamfered Orifice Plates: Coupled Effects of Plate Thickness and Reynolds Number]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0011</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0011</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

To study the effect of chamfered structure on the flow characteristics of a throttled orifice plate, orifice plates with different thicknesses and chamfered structures were analyzed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The results show that the thickness of the orifice plate significantly affects the flow characteristics, and the influence of the Reynolds number (Re) on the pressure loss coefficient shows an opposite trend on thin and thick orifice plates (the loss of the thin plate increases with the increase of Re, while that of the thick plate decreases). The chamfered structure effectively improves the flow pattern in the orifice plate and reduces the pressure loss. Lower pressure-loss coefficients are usually obtained with a chamfer angle of 30°–45°. In addition, the thickness of the openings affects the optimal chamfer angle: as thickness increases from 0 to 2.5 mm, the optimal angle shifts from 15° to 45°.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[EM Design, Realization and Measurement of a Hexagonal SIW-Based Bandpass Filter for Wireless Communication]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0010</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0010</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This paper presents a new design for a third-order bandpass hexagonal substrate integrated waveguide-defected ground structure (SIW-DGS) filter for mobile communications applications. The proposed design operates at 7.90 GHz. It combines the flexibility of rectangular cavities and the efficiency of circular cavities to enhance the filter's electromagnetic (EM) performance and selectivity. To facilitate the filter analysis and improve its computational efficiency, the developed structure is decomposed into individual components and simulated separately using high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and applied wave research (AWR) software that help extracting critical parameters based on a general coupling matrix (CM) using RT/Rogers 4003 substrate with a dielectric constant of ɛr = 3.55, tan δ = 0.0027 and a thickness of 0.508 mm. The simulated EM filter response shows an insertion loss of up to 1.58 dB and a return loss of less than −23.5 dB over the operating frequency range from 7.77 GHz to 8.05 GHz, demonstrating a high EM performance. Accordingly, an efficient third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter prototype of a 17 × 22.9 × 0.542 mm3 volume is realized and demonstrates an accurate EM response with a defined zero transmission, as expected. Measured results of the optimized third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter with a trisection cross-coupled structure and a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 3.54 % show high agreement with the calculated and simulated results, which validates the efficiency of the developed design as a highly accurate candidate for modern communication systems requiring compact structures.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Analysis of the Influence of Selected Parameters on the Success Rate of Shotgun Firing on UAVs]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0012</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0012</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

In contemporary conflicts, land forces – including artillery units and even individual soldiers – have increasingly faced threats posed by small, inexpensive yet highly effective unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Even though extensive research has been conducted, it has proven challenging to support artillery efforts to counter Class I UAVs effectively. There have been several relatively successful attempts to examine artillery combat capabilities using UAV assets, depending on the technologies and methodologies used. Mathematical models and simulation techniques offer the possibility of predicting hit hazards, determined by detection capabilities, range determination, the probability of small-arms engagement, and the law of destruction. Specifically, this study analyses the probability that a Class I UAV is hit by massed shotgun fire (pellet cloud) as a function of key firing parameters, in particular the aiming error, lead determination error, and the dispersion characteristics of the weapon. The proposed Monte Carlo modelling framework enables parametric studies of counter-UAV shotgun engagements and provides quantitative guidance for selecting suitable weapons and shooting conditions.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Indirect Thermographic Measurement of the Contact Temperature of an Electromechanical Relay]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0009</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0009</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The temperature of an electromechanical relay is related to the value of the contact resistance. The value of the contact resistance depends, among other things, on the degree of wear and oxidation of the contacts. A too high temperature of the relay contacts leads to their further degradation and an increase in contact resistance. For this reason, monitoring this value is important. In this paper, monitoring of the contact temperature of an electromechanical relay using indirect thermographic temperature measurement is proposed. This approach consists of two parts: the first part is based on thermographic measurement of the relay case, and the second part estimates the contact temperature based on the relationship between the case temperature (measured by a thermal camera) and the contact temperature. The finite element method (FEM) was used in the second part. The results obtained using this method were validated through comparison with experimental measurements acquired by an alternative method.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of Absorbing Material Shielding Effectiveness Using a Baum–Liu–Tesche Based Method]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0008</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0008</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The shielding efficacy of the metal cavity can be effectively enhanced using absorbing materials coated on the inner wall of the cavity. With highly potential materials such as graphene, silicon carbide (SiC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Ni/rGO in shielding, an analytical method based on the Baum–Liu–Tesche (BLT) equation is proposed to evaluate their shielding effectiveness (SE) in the open cavity. Compared to the electromagnetic field simulation software, i.e., CST Studio Suite, the resonant frequency of the coated cavity using the proposed model can be obtained with an average error of no more than 8 dB. The findings reveal that PTFE with a 1 mm thickness coated on the inner wall of the cavity can achieve the best shielding effect, but the resonant frequency of the cavity remains unchanged. On the other hand, the increased material thickness by adding the other three materials has no effect on the frequency located at the resonance modes of TE101 and TE102, except for the high-order resonance TE103. However, it is found that when a 2 mm thickness of these three materials is coated, the shielding ability achieves its best status. It verifies that the proposed BLT analytical method presents superiority in terms of computational rapidity and accuracy, with fewer resources occupied.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Development of a Time-Integration Method for Analyzing the Photoresponse of Image Sensors: Theoretical and Experimental Verification with Digital Cameras]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0007</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0007</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This study introduces a novel method for analyzing image sensors, supported by both theoretical and experimental verification. We first theoretically derived that when sinusoidal light with constant amplitude is directed onto an image sensor with fixed exposure times, the radiant energy reaching each pixel remains unchanged, irrespective of frequency fluctuations. However, when a rapid brightness variation significantly influences the photoresponse of the photodiodes in the image sensor, pixel values are expected to vary with frequency. To experimentally assess the photoresponse of image sensors, we developed a light-emitting diode (LED) light source capable of emitting sinusoidal waves up to 1 MHz, paired with a photosensor designed for this frequency range. We then exposed the image sensors of three cameras to the sinusoidal light and analyzed the frequency dependence of the pixel values. The experimental results demonstrated that the pixel values remained nearly constant (relative error of approximately 5 % or less) up to 1 MHz, showing no frequency dependence in the photoresponse within this range. These findings validate the theoretical analytical method and confirm that the image sensors of the three cameras accurately captured sinusoidal light up to 1 MHz without being influenced by the physical properties of the sensors or design parameters. However, this does not establish the limit or cutoff frequency of the image sensors.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of Dimensional Accuracy in Additive Manufacturing with Complex Measurement Artifacts]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0005</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0005</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Accuracy and repeatability are among the key parameters in assessing the quality of additive manufacturing (AM) outputs, as they determine the usability of parts in technical and industrial practice. This study compares a standardized artifact defined by ISO/ASTM 52902 with a newly designed custom artifact, with measurements performed using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and 3D scanning. The dimensional deviations obtained for individual axes were statistically evaluated to determine whether the differences between artifacts and measurement methods were statistically significant. Additional analysis based on deviation mapping against the CAD model provided a more detailed view of process behavior for both simple and complex geometries. The results confirmed that the designed artifact can be considered a viable alternative to standardized solutions and offers advantages in practical applications, particularly in the context of quality control and optimization of measurement procedures.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Test and Analysis of the Influence of Lake Water Obstacle on the Near-field Timing Signal of BPC]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0004</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0004</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The lake water environment is a common and complex scenario for the application of radio time synchronization. When the timing signal enters lake water, signal strength attenuation and phase shift occur, which greatly affect time service performance. By comparing the differences in signal field strength and time difference at the same distance from the transmitting station along two different direction paths – one through soil and the other through lake water – the influence of the freshwater lake transmission medium on the propagation of BPC timing signals within the ground wave range was analyzed. This paper uses the BPC timing signal as an example to describe the propagation mode and attenuation characteristics of the signal when it enters the lake water environment, and establishes a BPC field strength and time difference measurement system to analyze possible field strength and time difference variation laws of the BPC timing signal at different propagation distances in lake water. Studies show that at a distance of 25 km from the transmitting station, when the signal passes through lake water, the field strength attenuation is approximately 0.24 dBμV/m and the time difference increases by approximately 8.04 μs. At a distance of 138 km from the transmitting station, when the signal passes through lake water, the field strength attenuation is approximately 0.6 dBμV/m and the time difference increases by approximately 14.1 μs.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A New Low-Noise X-Ray Imaging Detector]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0006</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0006</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

A newly proposed low-noise and high temporal resolution X-ray imaging detector based on the curved solenoid design is described in this paper. Three-dimensional models are developed in CST Particle Studio (CST-PS) to systematically investigate the temporal and spatial magnifications. The effects of the ramp rate of the modulation signal between the photocathode and the acceleration mesh, the different electron emission positions of the photocathode, the magnetic field strength, and the distance between the microchannel plate (MCP) and the curved solenoid outlet on the overall performance of the whole structure are studied, which shows that the electron emission position has a dominant effect over the temporal transit and temporal dispersion. Additionally, the temporal magnification factor increases with the ramp rate of the modulated signal. Within the effective photocathode of Φ 16 mm, the temporal magnification factor exceeds 13. Furthermore, the spatial magnification is linearly proportional to the distance between the MCP and the solenoid outlet, suggesting that MCPs of varying sizes can be effectively coupled.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Enhancing the Performance of Pulse Position Coded Excitation for Photoacoustic Imaging by Denoising Autoencoder]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0001</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0001</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a hybrid technique that combines light illumination and ultrasound detection to generate images of tissue. Advances in laser technology allow laser diodes that are low cost, compact, and have a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) to improve the frame rate and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PA imaging. This improvement is achieved by employing PA-coded excitation techniques. However, PA-coded excitation is limited by side-lobes and artifact signals, particularly when the code length is short. Pulse position modulation (PPM) is a type of coded excitation that achieves the highest code gain with a short code length. This study explores a signal-processing approach that integrates PPM-coded excitation with a denoising autoencoder to reduce the generated side lobs and artifact signals and enhance the SNR of the PA signals. The denoising autoencoder is designed to address the varying shapes of side lobes that occur with different PPM code lengths, resulting in improved attenuation and removal of artifacts and background noise. The results show that the denoising autoencoder is particularly effective when the amplitude of the decoded PA signal exceeds that of the background noise, enabling reduced acquisition time and memory requirements for RF data collection. This work offers a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of PPM-coded excitation in PA imaging, supporting further improvements in the quality and reliability of PA signals for various medical applications.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Research on Tool Wear State Recognition Method Based on Multi-Scale Feature Extraction and Deep Residual Network Fusion]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0003</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0003</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

To enhance the intelligence of machining processes, accurate recognition of tool wear states has become a key issue in the manufacturing field. However, due to the non-stationary and high-dimensional nature of cutting signals, traditional methods face significant challenges in feature extraction and state classification. In the context of cutting processes, challenges such as difficulty in identifying tool wear states and the complex composition of monitoring information features persist. To address these issues, this paper proposes a deep learning model that integrates multi-scale feature extraction with a residual connection network (Multi-scale ResNet). Specifically, cutting vibration signals are processes using continuous wavelet transform (CWT), which enables the conversion of time-frequency information into images. The proposed deep learning model is then used for feature extraction and state identification. The proposed model is validated through cutting experiments conducted on γ-TiAl alloys. Experimental results show that the Multi-scale ResNet model achieves higher recognition accuracy than traditional models such as convolutional neural networks – support vector machines (CNN–SVM), Transformer, and ResNet in the initial and normal wear stages. It effectively mitigates misjudgments associated with initial and normal wear, achieving a prediction accuracy of 93.8 %, a recall rate of 94.2 %, and an F1 score of 94 %. This model offers a novel and effective approach for tool wear state monitoring, contributing to improved cutting processing efficiency and increased intelligence in production.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Computer Simulation of Calculation Frequency Deviation from Odd Frequency Spectrum]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0002</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2026-0002</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The homogeneity of the static magnetic field is crucial for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The NMR instrumentation is often used to map this field. A spectrum containing information about the static magnetic field is obtained from the signal of a suitable experiment. The digital signal is usually available as a set of real numbers, which can be processed by Fourier transformation either directly or after being transformed into complex numbers. In the first case, the resulting spectrum consists of complex numbers representing an even frequency function. In the second case, the resulting numbers are also complex, but the spectrum is odd. The calculation with an even frequency function was performed and published at this institution. The calculation with an odd function was also solved and published at this institution, but it was not the main focus of the research and publication. Therefore, some questions arose, which this research sought to answer. In both cases, the research method was computer simulation.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Metrological Evaluation of Optical Surfaces Using Goniometric and Spectrophotometric Techniques]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2025-0044</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2025-0044</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This paper presents a comprehensive metrological approach for evaluating the appearance and optical properties of complex material surfaces using advanced goniometric and spectrophotometric techniques. The methodology is implemented on the newly developed robotic goniospectrophotometer RoboCapp, designed at the Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) to enable spectral and spatially resolved measurements across arbitrary illumination and observation geometries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first measurement system to integrate quasi-monochromatic illumination with a polarization-independent detection unit providing a dynamic range spanning ten orders of magnitude. This unique combination enables high-accuracy bidirectional measurements of reflected and transmitted flux, even for samples exhibiting strong diffusivity or very low transmittance, while supporting the numerical emulation of arbitrary illuminants and detector responsivity functions. The proposed measurement procedures ensure high accuracy and full SI traceability in determining the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). The performance of the system is demonstrated through measurements of a quasi-Lambertian diffuse standard sample (Spectralon 99) in 0°/45° geometry over the visible spectral range (400–780) nm. An uncertainty budget is provided, with results showing that the dominant contribution arises from the sample–detector aperture distance.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Novel Scalable Trust-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Energy-Efficient and Secure Routing in Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks for IoT]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2025-0039</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2025-0039</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are the backbone of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, but they remain constrained by limited energy, dynamic topologies, and increasing security threats. Conventional metaheuristic-based routing protocols typically optimize either energy efficiency or security, but rarely achieve both in a scalable manner. To address this research gap, we propose a trust-aware Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network (SDWSN) framework that integrates the Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA) for multi-objective routing with a hyperelliptic curve (HEC)-based blind signcryption scheme for lightweight yet robust data security. The novelty of this work lies in the joint optimization of energy, delay, trust, and hop count while simultaneously ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and anonymity through blind signcryption. Unlike traditional ECC and RSA, the proposed HEC-based scheme reduces computational complexity, making it suitable for resource-constrained IoT devices. The architecture leverages software-defined networking (SDN) programmability and the OpenFlow protocol to dynamically adapt routes based on real-time trust and energy metrics. Simulation results in NS-3 show that the proposed COA-HEC model significantly outperforms existing schemes (SEHR, IBFA, ESMR, GMPSO) by improving throughput (18.8 %–59.4 %), packet delivery ratio (by 4.8 %–12.4 %), and reducing average delay (up to 61 %) and energy consumption. The proposed framework establishes a scalable and secure routing paradigm for real-time IoT applications such as industrial automation, healthcare monitoring, and smart cities, thus advancing the state of the art in trust-aware SDWSNs.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Statistical Characterisation of GNSS Data for a Stationary Receiver using Non-Gaussian Distributions]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2025-0037</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/msr-2025-0037</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Accurately characterising datasets is crucial for effective statistical modelling, particularly when analysing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. While traditional approaches often assume a Gaussian distribution, real-world GNSS datasets frequently exhibit heavy-tailed and skewed properties, prompting the need to explore alternative statistical models. The study examines the suitability of non-Gaussian distributions, specifically the Laplace, skew-normal, skew-t, and generalised hyperbolic (GH) distributions, for modelling GNSS data obtained from a stationary receiver. Using empirical GNSS datasets, we estimate parameters within confidence intervals (CIs) through weighted maximum likelihood estimation (WMLE). Model performance is assessed using log-likelihood analysis, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and root mean squared error (RMSE). Our comparative analysis shows that heavy-tailed and skewed distributions, particularly those offering greater flexibility in capturing extreme deviations, consistently outperform the conventional normal distribution. Among the non-Gaussian models considered, the GH distribution provides the best overall performance. These results emphasise the importance of selecting appropriate statistical models to improve uncertainty quantification in GNSS-based measurements.
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            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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