Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Hyphal growth response of the fungal isolates to series concentrations of CuO/Fe2O3-NCcompared to copper formate after 7 days of incubation_
| Concentrations (µg/mL) | Growth response (diameter [mm] ± SD1; inhibition [%]) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fusarium oxysporum | Botrytis cinerea | Rhizoctonia solani | ||||
| (OR116510) | (OR116494) | (OR116531) | ||||
| 25 | 29.3 ± 0.58b | 67.4 | 53.7 ± 4.04b | 40.4 | 19.7 ± 0.58b | 78.2 |
| 50 | 28.0 ± 1.73b,c | 68.9 | 50.0 ± 0.00b,c | 44.4 | 18.0 ± 0.00c | 80.0 |
| 75 | 26.3 ± 1.53c,d | 70.7 | 46.3 ± 1.15c,d | 48.5 | 18.0 ± 0.00c | 80.0 |
| 100 | 26.0 ± 0.00d | 71.1 | 45.0 ± 3.00d | 50.0 | 17.0 ± 0.00d | 81.1 |
| −ve control2 | 90.0 ± 0.00a | 0.00 | 90.0 ± 0.00a | 0.00 | 90.0 ± 0.00a | 0.00 |
| + ve control3 | 25.7 ± 1.15d | 71.5 | 46.7 ± 0.58 cd | 48.5 | 16.0 ± 1.00e | 82.2 |
Calculated crystal sizes of the obtained quantum dot_
| Peak | 2Ɵ | Plane | FWHM | Size (nm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 35.61 | −111 (CuO) | 1.235 | 7 |
| 2 | 43.37 | 400 (CuO/Fe2O3) | 0.7399 | 12 |
| 3 | 44.73 | −112 (CuO) | 0.842 | 10.6 |
| 4 | 31.25 | 110 (CuO) | 0.963 | 9 |
Inhibition zone of the bacterial isolates to series concentrations of CuO/Fe2O3-NC compared to gentamicin_
| Concentrations (µg/mL) | Inhibition zone (diameter [mm] ± SD1) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. carotovorum | S. scabies | P. atrosepticum | R. solanacearum | |
| 10 | 11.0 ± 0.00b | 9.00 ± 0.00b | 9.00 ± 0.00c | 10.7 ± 0.58d |
| 20 | 11.0 ± 0.00b | 9.00 ± 0.00b | 9.00 ± 0.00c | 11.0 ± 0.00d |
| 30 | 11.7 ± 0.58b | 9.00 ± 0.00b | 9.00 ± 0.00c | 11.0 ± 0.00d |
| 40 | 11.7 ± 0.58b | 9.00 ± 0.00b | 9.33 ± 0.58c | 12.0 ± 0.00c |
| 50 | 12.3 ± 1.15b | 9.00 ± 0.00b | 10.7 ± 0.58b | 14.7 ± 0.58b |
| −ve control2 | 0.00 ± 0.00c | 0.00 ± 0.00c | 0.00 ± 0.00d | 0.00 ± 0.00e |
| + ve control3 | 19.0 ± 1.73a | 41.7 ± 2.89a | 16.00 ± 1.73a | 25.0 ± 0.00a |