Fig. 1a.
Fig. 1b.
Fig. 1c.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5a.
Fig. 5b.
Fig. 5c.
Fig. 5d.
Chemical composition of fly ash, slag powder and Portland cement (wt%)
| Constituent | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | Na2O | SO3 | Loss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fly ash | 2.4 | 61.9 | 28.8 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.7 |
| Slag powder | 38.1 | 30.0 | 13.6 | 0.6 | 7.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 4.6 |
| Cement | 63.71 | 20.35 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 1.37 | 0.39 | 2.48 | 2.6 |
Mixing ratios of raw materials for cement-based grouts (g)
| Sample | Cement | water | FA | Slag | sand | PCE | P80 | YH-S | NS particle | NS emulsion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 700 | 220 | 200 | 100 | 1000 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| NSP | 700 | 170 | 200 | 100 | 1000 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 | 5 | 0 |
| 10NSE | 700 | 170 | 200 | 100 | 1000 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 56.2 |
| 16NSE | 700 | 140 | 200 | 100 | 1000 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 89.92 |
Performance indices of Portland cement
| Indices | Density (g/cm3) | Specific surface area (m2/kg) | Setting time (min) Initial Final | Compressive strength (MPa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1d | 3d | 28d | |||||
| Cement | 3.08 | 340 | 160 | 195 | 22.1 | 37.4 | 62.6 |