Effects of main directions within the tree canopy on fruit quality parameters in apricot cv. “Şalak” (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Cumali Gümüşel; Mücahit Pehluvan; Tuncay Kaya; Berna Doğru Çokran

doi:10.2478/mittklbg-2024-0007

.blurhash-client-img { display: none !important; }

Effects of main directions within the tree canopy on fruit quality parameters in apricot cv. “Şalak” (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg: Journal of Viticulture, Oenology, Pomology and Fruit Processing

Volume 74 (2024): Issue 2 (July 2024)

By: Cumali Gümüşel, Mücahit Pehluvan, Tuncay Kaya and Berna Doğru Çokran

Open Access

|Jan 2026

Figures & Tables

Fruit of “Şalak” apricot variety (Doğru Çokran, 2020)

Illustration of sampling area within tree canopy. N; north, W; west, S; south, E; east.

Weather conditions: (a) monthly relative humidity, (b) monthly temperature, and (c) monthly precipitation, in the study years (2021 and 2022)

Tab. 1:

Average of fruit size (dimension), geometric mean diameter, sphericity and flesh thickness (2021–2022)

Directions	Years	Fruit width (mm)	Fruit length (mm)	Fruit thickness (mm)	Geometric mean diameter (mm)	Sphericity	Flesh thickness (mm)
East		44.25 ab	52.80 b	42.29 a	46.22 ab	0.88 a	12.60 b
West		43.97 b	52.66 b	41.94 a	45.94 b	0.87 a	12.48 b
North		43.70 b	52.39 b	41.94 a	45.78 b	0.87 a	12.48 b
South		44.68 a	53.49 a	42.56 a	46.66 a	0.87 a	12.94 a
	2021	43.14 b	52.46 b	40.35 b	45.02 b	0.86 b	12.92 a
	2022	45.16 a	53.21 a	44.02 a	47.28 a	0.89 a	12.33 a
F Value
Directions		4.35**	4.36**	2.36^ns	4.31**	0.56^ns	6.43***
Years		100.83***	11.10***	356.49***	147.21***	236.90***	47.18***
Directions x Years		0.065^ns	0.185^ns	0.714^ns	0.962^ns	4.17**	0.43^ns

1 Different letters in the same column indicate significantly different values according to Fisher’s LSD test (p ≤ 0.05),

1** significant at p < 0.01,

1*** significant at p < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Tab. 2:

Average of fruit and stone weight, flesh/stone ratio and fruit firmness (2021-2022)

Directions	Years	Fruit weight (g)	Stone weight (g)	Flesh/stone ratio (%)	Fruit firmness (kg/cm²)
East		53.59 b	1.90 a	96.43 a	4.78 c
West		52.88 b	1.95 a	96.27 b	5.30 b
North		51.92 b	1.96 a	96.21 b	5.79 a
South		55.43 a	1.96 a	96.41 a	4.16 d
	2021	43.36 b	1.62 b	96.60 a	5.60 a
	2022	58.55 a	2.27 a	96.07 b	4.42 b
F Value
Directions		5.33***	2.14^ns	4.56***	36.48***
Years		250.84***	905.57***	106.65***	103.10***
Directions x Years		0.40^ns	0.52^ns	1.01^ns	12.76***

1 Different letters in the same column indicate significantly different values according to Fisher’s LSD test (p ≤ 0.05),

1*** significant at p < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Interaction of directions x years for fruit sphericity (a) and fruit firmness (b). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).

Tab. 3:

Average of fruit colour parameters according to CIE L* a*b* (2021-2022)

Directions	Years	L*	a*	b*	Hue°	Chroma
East		81.57 a	5.45 a	46.47 a	82.83 c	47.02 a
West		80.91 a	2.63 c	43.26 a	84.74 ab	43.53 a
North		81.07 a	3.54 bc	46.88 a	85.31 a	47.20 a
South		78.36 b	4.16 b	44.09 a	83.81 bc	44.47 a
	2021	83.21 a	2.39 b	40.92 a	85.63 a	41.05 b
	2022	77.74 b	5.50 a	49.43 b	82.71 b	50.06 a
F Value
Directions		3.54**	12.37***	2.13ns	7.52***	2.30ns
Years		50.93***	85.96***	48.91***	54.08***	55.34***
Directions x Years		3.61**	6.85***	2.62*	4.78***	2.42ns

1 Different letters in the same column indicate significantly different values according to Fisher’s LSD test (p ≤ 0.05),

1** significant at p < 0.01,

1*** significant at p < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Interaction of directions x years for L* (a), a* (b), b* (c) and hue angle value (d). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).

Tab. 4:

Average of some chemical features in cv. “Şalak” fruit (2021-2022)

Directions	Years	Soluble solid content (%)	Titratable acidity (g 100 g^-1)	Ripening index	Fruit juice pH	Ascorbic acid (mg 100 g^-1)
East		14.53 a	0.85 b	17.26 a	4.37 a	15.84 b
West		13.10 c	0.89 a	15.03 c	4.27 b	16.97 a
North		13.12 c	0.83 bc	16.08 b	4.29 b	16.25 ab
South		13.97 b	0.81 c	17.80 a	4.37 a	14.88 c
	2021	13.49 b	0.89 a	15.35 b	4.18 b	14.31 b
	2022	13.87 a	0.80 b	17.76 a	4.47 a	17.66 a
F Value
Directions		25.61***	12.50***	26.15***	22.66***	10.65***
Years		7.44*	129.36***	102.80***	680.72***	156.14***
Directions x Years		4.78**	13.19***	19.09***	4.64***	10.73***

1 Different letters in the same column indicate significantly different values according to Fisher’s LSD test (p ≤ 0.05),

1* significant at p < 0.05,

1** significant at p < 0.01,

1*** significant at p < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Interaction of directions x years for soluble solid content (a), acidity (b), ripening index (c), pH (d) and ascorbic acid (e). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).

Pearson’s rank correlation among 20 studied variables. W; fruit width, L; fruit length, T; fruit thickness, Dg; geometric mean diameter, S; sphericity, FT; flesh thickness, FW; fruit weight, SW; stone weight, F/S; flesh/stone ratio, FF; fruit firmness, SSC; soluble solid content, TA; titratable acidity, RI; ripening index, AA; ascorbic acid, H; hue°, C; chroma

PCA analysis and biplot design illustration for relation direction, years and 20 studied traits. W; fruit width, L; fruit length, T; fruit thickness, Dg; geometric mean diameter, S; sphericity, FT; flesh thickness, FW; fruit weight, SW; stone weight, F/S; flesh/stone ratio, FF; fruit firmness, SSC; soluble solid content, TA; titratable acidity, RI; ripening index, AA; ascorbic acid, H; hue°, C; chroma

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mittklbg-2024-0007 | Journal eISSN: 3061-063X (formerly 0007-5922) | Journal ISSN: 3061-0621

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English, German

Page range: 78 - 91

Submitted on: Jan 12, 2024

Published on: Jan 9, 2026

Published by: High School and Federal Office of Viticulture and Pomology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

Related subjects:

© 2026 Cumali Gümüşel, Mücahit Pehluvan, Tuncay Kaya, Berna Doğru Çokran, published by High School and Federal Office of Viticulture and Pomology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 74 (2024): Issue 2 (July 2024)

Effects of main directions within the tree canopy on fruit quality parameters in apricot cv. “Şalak” (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1:

Fig. 2:

Fig. 3:

Tab. 1:

Tab. 2:

Fig. 4:

Tab. 3:

Fig. 5:

Tab. 4:

Fig. 6:

Fig. 7:

Fig. 8:

Paradigm

My account