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Effects of main directions within the tree canopy on fruit quality parameters in apricot cv. “Şalak” (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cover

Effects of main directions within the tree canopy on fruit quality parameters in apricot cv. “Şalak” (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg: Journal of Viticulture, Oenology, Pomology and Fruit Processing
Volume 74 (2024): Issue 2 (July 2024)
By: Cumali Gümüşel,  Mücahit Pehluvan,  Tuncay Kaya and  Berna Doğru Çokran  
Open Access
|Jan 2026

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1:

Fruit of “Şalak” apricot variety (Doğru Çokran, 2020)
Fruit of “Şalak” apricot variety (Doğru Çokran, 2020)

Fig. 2:

Illustration of sampling area within tree canopy. N; north, W; west, S; south, E; east.
Illustration of sampling area within tree canopy. N; north, W; west, S; south, E; east.

Fig. 3:

Weather conditions: (a) monthly relative humidity, (b) monthly temperature, and (c) monthly precipitation, in the study years (2021 and 2022)
Weather conditions: (a) monthly relative humidity, (b) monthly temperature, and (c) monthly precipitation, in the study years (2021 and 2022)

Fig. 4:

Interaction of directions x years for fruit sphericity (a) and fruit firmness (b). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).
Interaction of directions x years for fruit sphericity (a) and fruit firmness (b). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).

Fig. 5:

Interaction of directions x years for L* (a), a* (b), b* (c) and hue angle value (d). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).
Interaction of directions x years for L* (a), a* (b), b* (c) and hue angle value (d). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).

Fig. 6:

Interaction of directions x years for soluble solid content (a), acidity (b), ripening index (c), pH (d) and ascorbic acid (e). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).
Interaction of directions x years for soluble solid content (a), acidity (b), ripening index (c), pH (d) and ascorbic acid (e). Different letters in the related visuals indicate significant differences according to the LSD test (p≤0.05).

Fig. 7:

Pearson’s rank correlation among 20 studied variables. W; fruit width, L; fruit length, T; fruit thickness, Dg; geometric mean diameter, S; sphericity, FT; flesh thickness, FW; fruit weight, SW; stone weight, F/S; flesh/stone ratio, FF; fruit firmness, SSC; soluble solid content, TA; titratable acidity, RI; ripening index, AA; ascorbic acid, H; hue°, C; chroma
Pearson’s rank correlation among 20 studied variables. W; fruit width, L; fruit length, T; fruit thickness, Dg; geometric mean diameter, S; sphericity, FT; flesh thickness, FW; fruit weight, SW; stone weight, F/S; flesh/stone ratio, FF; fruit firmness, SSC; soluble solid content, TA; titratable acidity, RI; ripening index, AA; ascorbic acid, H; hue°, C; chroma

Fig. 8:

PCA analysis and biplot design illustration for relation direction, years and 20 studied traits. W; fruit width, L; fruit length, T; fruit thickness, Dg; geometric mean diameter, S; sphericity, FT; flesh thickness, FW; fruit weight, SW; stone weight, F/S; flesh/stone ratio, FF; fruit firmness, SSC; soluble solid content, TA; titratable acidity, RI; ripening index, AA; ascorbic acid, H; hue°, C; chroma
PCA analysis and biplot design illustration for relation direction, years and 20 studied traits. W; fruit width, L; fruit length, T; fruit thickness, Dg; geometric mean diameter, S; sphericity, FT; flesh thickness, FW; fruit weight, SW; stone weight, F/S; flesh/stone ratio, FF; fruit firmness, SSC; soluble solid content, TA; titratable acidity, RI; ripening index, AA; ascorbic acid, H; hue°, C; chroma

Average of some chemical features in cv_ “Şalak” fruit (2021-2022)

DirectionsYearsSoluble solid content (%)Titratable acidity (g 100 g-1)Ripening indexFruit juice pHAscorbic acid (mg 100 g-1)
East 14.53 a0.85 b17.26 a4.37 a15.84 b
West 13.10 c0.89 a15.03 c4.27 b16.97 a
North 13.12 c0.83 bc16.08 b4.29 b16.25 ab
South 13.97 b0.81 c17.80 a4.37 a14.88 c
202113.49 b0.89 a15.35 b4.18 b14.31 b
202213.87 a0.80 b17.76 a4.47 a17.66 a
F Value
Directions 25.61***12.50***26.15***22.66***10.65***
Years 7.44*129.36***102.80***680.72***156.14***
Directions x Years 4.78**13.19***19.09***4.64***10.73***

Average of fruit and stone weight, flesh/stone ratio and fruit firmness (2021-2022)

DirectionsYearsFruit weight (g)Stone weight (g)Flesh/stone ratio (%)Fruit firmness (kg/cm2)
East 53.59 b1.90 a96.43 a4.78 c
West 52.88 b1.95 a96.27 b5.30 b
North 51.92 b1.96 a96.21 b5.79 a
South 55.43 a1.96 a96.41 a4.16 d
202143.36 b1.62 b96.60 a5.60 a
202258.55 a2.27 a96.07 b4.42 b
F Value
Directions 5.33***2.14ns4.56***36.48***
Years 250.84***905.57***106.65***103.10***
Directions x Years 0.40ns0.52ns1.01ns12.76***

Average of fruit colour parameters according to CIE L* a*b* (2021-2022)

DirectionsYearsL*a*b*Hue°Chroma
East 81.57 a5.45 a46.47 a82.83 c47.02 a
West 80.91 a2.63 c43.26 a84.74 ab43.53 a
North 81.07 a3.54 bc46.88 a85.31 a47.20 a
South 78.36 b4.16 b44.09 a83.81 bc44.47 a
202183.21 a2.39 b40.92 a85.63 a41.05 b
202277.74 b5.50 a49.43 b82.71 b50.06 a
F Value
Directions 3.54**12.37***2.13ns7.52***2.30ns
Years 50.93***85.96***48.91***54.08***55.34***
Directions x Years 3.61**6.85***2.62*4.78***2.42ns

Average of fruit size (dimension), geometric mean diameter, sphericity and flesh thickness (2021–2022)

DirectionsYearsFruit width (mm)Fruit length (mm)Fruit thickness (mm)Geometric mean diameter (mm)SphericityFlesh thickness (mm)
East 44.25 ab52.80 b42.29 a46.22 ab0.88 a12.60 b
West 43.97 b52.66 b41.94 a45.94 b0.87 a12.48 b
North 43.70 b52.39 b41.94 a45.78 b0.87 a12.48 b
South 44.68 a53.49 a42.56 a46.66 a0.87 a12.94 a
202143.14 b52.46 b40.35 b45.02 b0.86 b12.92 a
202245.16 a53.21 a44.02 a47.28 a0.89 a12.33 a
F Value
Directions 4.35**4.36**2.36ns4.31**0.56ns6.43***
Years 100.83***11.10***356.49***147.21***236.90***47.18***
Directions x Years 0.065ns0.185ns0.714ns0.962ns4.17**0.43ns
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mittklbg-2024-0007 | Journal eISSN: 3061-063X | Journal ISSN: 3061-0621
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 78 - 91
Submitted on: Jan 12, 2024
|
Published on: Jan 9, 2026
Published by: High School and Federal Office of Viticulture and Pomology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Fruit position,
quality attributes,
ripening index,
variety “Şalak”
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2026 Cumali Gümüşel, Mücahit Pehluvan, Tuncay Kaya, Berna Doğru Çokran, published by High School and Federal Office of Viticulture and Pomology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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