Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Calculation of the CO2 footprint using the example of Austrian wine Cover
By: Werner Pölz and  Franz G. Rosner  
Open Access
|Jan 2026

References

  1. Baral, A., Malins, C. 2016: Additional supporting evidence for significant iLUC emissions of oilseed rape biodiesel production in the EU based on causal descriptive modelling approach. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 8: 382-391.
  2. Benedetto, G. 2013: The environmental impact of a Sardinian wine by partial Life Cycle Assessment. Wine Economics and Policy 2: 33-41. Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.wep.2013.05.003
  3. BMLFUW 2014: Sachgerechte Düngung im Weinbau. 2014, 2. Auflage.
  4. EIP European Investment Bank 2021: Carbon Footprint Report 2020 - Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from EIB Group internal operations. Luxemburg, 2022: (https://www.eib.org/de/publications/carbon-footprint-report-2020)
  5. Emberger-Klein, A., Ergül, R., Mempel, H., Menrad, K. 2015: Carbon-Footprint-Analysen entlang der Wertschöpfungsketten von Obst und Gemüse an ausgewählten Beispielen sowie Erarbeitung eines entsprechenden Zertifizierungsund Labellingsystems. Gekürzte Fassung des Schlussberichts an das BMBF (Förderkennzeichen: 17004X11).
  6. Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Fullana-Palmer, P. 2010: Taking a life cycle look at crianza wine production in Spain: where are the bottlenecks? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15 (4): 330-337. DOI: 10.1007/s11367-010-0173-6
  7. GEMIS - Gesamt Emissionsmodell Integrierter Systeme 2021: Computermodell: www.iinas.org
  8. Höhere Bundeslehranstalt und Bundesamt für Weinund Obstbau Klosterneuburg 2022: Weinbehandlungsmittel 2022 (unpublished).
  9. ISO 14064-1 2018: Greenhouse gases — Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals. Reference number 2018.
  10. ISO 14067 2018: Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for quantification. ISO.
  11. IPPC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis; Contribution of WG I to the 5th Assessment Report of the IPCC; Cambridge, New York.
  12. IPPC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2022: Sixth Assessment Report Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report. Cambridge University Press.
  13. Jungbluth, N., Itten, R., Stucki, M. 2012: Umweltbelastungen des privaten Konsums und Reduktionspotenziale. http://esuservices.ch/fileadmin/download/jungbluth-2012-Reduktionspotenziale-BAFU.pdf
  14. Kim, S., Dale, B. E. 2011: Indirect land use change for biofuels: Testing predictions and improving analytical methodologies. Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 3235-3240.
  15. Krones 2022: Email 28.10.2022.
  16. KVO 2012: Verordnung des Bundesministers für Landund Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft über die Qualität von Kraftstoffen und die nachhaltige Verwendung von Biokraftstoffen (Kraftstoffverordnung 2012 BGBl. II Nr. 398/2012.
  17. NIR (2021: national inventory report. rep0761.pdf (umweltbundesamt.at) (6 March 2023).
  18. O’Hare, M., Delucchi, M., Edwards, R., Fritsche, U., Gibbs, H., Hertel, T., Hill, J., Kammen, D., Laborde, D., Marelli, L., Mulligan, D., Plevin, R., Tyner, W. 2011: Comment on “Indirect land use change for biofuels: Testing predictions and improving analytical methodologies” by Kim and Dale: statistical reliability and the definition of the indirect land use change (iLUC) issue. Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 4485-4487.
  19. OIV - International organization of vine and wine 2015: RES OIV-CST-503AB/2015 Greenhouse gases accounting in the vine and wine sector - recognised gases and inventory of emissions and sequestrations. Resolution OIV CST.
  20. OIV - International organization of vine and wine 2017: Methodological recommendations for accounting for GHG balance in the vitivinicultural sector. OIV Collective expertise.
  21. Palmes, D., Friedrich, C. 2013: Ermittlung eines Product Carbon Footprints in der Weinwirtschaft. Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften, 2013.
  22. Podzorski, U. 2019: Wein und sein KlimaFußabdruck. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Obstund Weinbau 14/2019: 8-10.
  23. Poelz, W., Rosner, F.G. 2020: Sustainable strategy against climate change based on greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and use of material resources in Austrian wine production. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg 70, 2020: 233-246.
  24. Rosner, F.G., Dobritzhofer, W., Geyrhofer, A., Glatt, J., Großauer, S., Pöchtrager, S., Regner, F., Sauberer, N., Scheiblhofer, H., Sellner, H., Soja, G., Vogl, K. and Zehetner, F. 2015: Assessment of sustainability in Austrian wine production. 38th World Congress of Vine and Wine: 2015: 5-10.
  25. Statistik Austria 2022: www.oesterreichwein.at (21.03.2022).
  26. Soja, G., Rodriguez-Pacual, R., Zehetner, F., Gerzabek, M., Kühnen, L., Rampazzo-Todorovic, G., Duboc, O., Schildberger, B., Vogl, K., Mehofer, M., Omann, I., Burger, E., Haslinger, J., Dockner, V., Grünberger, S., Soja, M., Roch, R., Hackl, K., Hofmann, R. 2010: Weinbau im Klimawandel: Anpassungsund Mitigationsmöglichkeiten am Beispiel der Modellregion Traisental (Weinklim). Abschlussbericht. AIT Seibersdorf.
  27. UN 2020, 4 March: Enhance solidarity to fight COVID-19, Chinese President urges, also pledges carbon neutrality by 2060. UN News: https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/09/1073052, (30 December 2022).
  28. Umweltbundesamt 2020: Klimaschutzbericht 2020 (No. REP-0738). Wien, Umweltbundesamt.
  29. Umweltbundesamt 2021: Austria’s National Inventory Report 2021. Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and under the Kyoto Protocol. Wien, 2021 Reports, Band 0761.
  30. Vetropack 2023: www.vetropack.com/de/produkteleistungen/nachhaltigkeit/recycling/. 22.05.2023
  31. Wolf, S., Teitge, J., Mielke, J., Schütze, F., Jaeger, C. 2021: The European Green Deal - More Than Climate Neutrality. Intereconomics: 99-107; DOI: 10.1007/s10272-021-0963-z.
  32. WRI - WBCSD 2004: The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: a corporate accounting and reporting standard (revised edition). Washington DC: WRI
  33. WRI - WBCSD 2011: Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard. USA: World Resources Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
  34. WRI - WBCSD 2011: The Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard. Washington DC: WRI.
  35. WRI - WBCSD 2014: GHG Protocol Agricultural Guidance - Interpreting the Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. Washington DC: WRI.
  36. WRI - WBCSD 2015: The GHG Protocol - A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard - Revised Edition. Washington DC: WRI.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mittklbg-2023-0010 | Journal eISSN: 3061-063X | Journal ISSN: 3061-0621
Language: English
Page range: 152 - 167
Published on: Jan 8, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Werner Pölz, Franz G. Rosner, published by High School and Federal Office of Viticulture and Pomology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.