Bioweathering of metallurgical wastes: Insights into dissolution mediated by fungus Aspergillus niger
References
- Amiri, F., Mousavi, S. M., Yaghmaei, S., Barati, M. (2012). Bioleaching kinetics of a spent refinery catalyst using Aspergillus niger at optimal conditions. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 67, 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2012.06.011
- Aung, K. M. M., Ting, Y. P. (2005). Bioleaching of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst using Aspergillus niger. Journal of Biotechnology, 116(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.10.008
- Bahaloo-Horeh, N., Mousavi, S. M. (2017). Enhanced recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through optimization of organic acids produced by Aspergillus niger. Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 60, 666–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.034
- Bahaloo-Horeh, N., Vakilchap, F., Mousavi, S. M. (2019). Bio-hydrometallurgical methods for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries. In Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Processing Methods and Environmental Impacts, 161–197. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31834-5_7
- Behera, S. K., Panda, S. K., Mulaba-Bafubiandi, A. F. (2022). Valorization of copper smelter slag through the recovery of metal values by a synergistic bioprocess system of bio-flotation and bio-leaching. Environmental Quality Management, 32(1), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21885
- Biswas, S., Dey, R., Mukherjee, S., Banerjee, P. C. (2013). Bioleaching of nickel and cobalt from lateritic chromite overburden using the culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 170, 1547–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0289-9
- Bosshard, P. P., Bachofen, R., Brandl, H. (1996). Metal leaching of fly ash from municipal waste incineration by Aspergillus niger. Environmental Science and Technology, 30(10), 3066–3070. https://doi.org/10.1021/es960151v
- Castro, I. M., Fietto, J. L. R., Vieira, R. X., Trópia, M. J. M., Campos, L. M. M., Paniago, E. B., Brandão, R. L. (2000). Bioleaching of zinc and nickel from silicates using Aspergillus niger cultures. Hydrometallurgy, 55(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00088-8
- Chen, S. Y., Wang, S. Y. (2019). Effects of solid content and substrate concentration on bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge using Aspergillus niger. Metals (Basel), 9(9), 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090994
- Cruz-Rodríguez, I. A., Rojas-Avelizapa, N. G., Rivas-Castillo, A. M. (2022). Microbially-Produced Organic Acids as Leaching Agents for Metal Recovery Processes. Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology, 61(4), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2022-019
- Derkowska, K., Kierczak, J., Potysz, A., Pietranik, A., Pędziwiatr, A., Ettler, V., Mihaljevič, M. (2023). Combined approach for assessing metal(loid)s leaching, mobility and accumulation in a specific near-neutral (pH) environment of a former Cu-smelting area in the Old Copper Basin, Poland. Applied Geochemistry, 154, 105670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105670
- Dörsam, S., Fesseler, J., Gorte, O., Hahn, T., Zibek, S., Syldatk, C., Ochsenreither, K. (2017). Sustainable carbon sources for microbial organic acid production with filamentous fungi. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 10(1), 242. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0930-x
- Erüst, C., Akcil, A., Gahan, C. S., Tuncuk, A., Deveci, H. (2013). Biohydrometallurgy of secondary metal resources: A potential alternative approach for metal recovery. Journal of Chemical Technology, 88(12), 2115–2132. Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4164
- Faraji, F., Golmohammadzadeh, R., Rashchi, F., Alimardani, N. (2018). Fungal bioleaching of WPCBs using Aspergillus niger: Observation, optimization and kinetics. Journal of Environmental Management, 217, 775–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.043
- Filipovic-Kovacevic, Ž., Sipos, L., Briški, F. (2000). Biosorption of Chromium, Copper, Nickel and Zinc Ions onto Fungal Pellets of Aspergillus niger 405 from Aqueous Solutions. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 38(3), 211–216.
- Gadd, G. M., Pan, X. (2016). Biomineralization, bioremediation and biorecovery of toxic metals and radionuclides. Geomicrobiology Journal, 33(3–4), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2015.1087603
- Gadd, G. M., White, C. (1993). Microbial treatment of metal pollution - a working biotechnology? Trends in Biotechnology, 11(8), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(93)90158-6
- Gáplovská, K., Šimonovičová, A., Halko, R., Okenicová, L., Žemberyová, M., Čerňanský, S., Brandeburová, P., Mackuľak, T. (2018). Study of the binding sites in the biomass of Aspergillus niger wild-type strains by FTIR spectroscopy. Chemical Papers, 72(9), 2283–2288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0487-6
- Georgiev, P., Nicolova, M., Spasova, I., Iliev, M., Ilieva, R. (2025). Non-Ferrous Metal Bioleaching from Pyrometallurgical Copper Slag Using Spent Medium of Different Fungal Species. Metals (Basel), 15(12), 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121359
- Georgiev, P. S., Nicolova, M., Spasova, I., Iliev, M., Ilieva, R. (2025). Biological leaching of copper, zinc, and cobalt from pyrometallurgical copper slags using Aspergillus niger and Penicillium ochrochloron. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 26(12), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/208320
- Giurco, D., Littleboy, A., Boyle, T., Fyfe, J., White, S. (2014). Circular economy: Questions for responsible minerals, additive manufacturing and recycling of metals. Resources, 3(2), 432–453. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources3020432
- Gomes, H. I., Funari, V., Dinelli, E., Soavi, F. (2020). Enhanced electrodialytic bioleaching of fly ashes of municipal solid waste incineration for metal recovery. Electrochimica Acta, 345, 136188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136188
- Gomes, H. I., Funari, V., Mayes, W. M., Rogerson, M., Prior, T. J. (2018). Recovery of Al, Cr and V from steel slag by bioleaching: Batch and column experiments. Journal of Environmental Management, 222, 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.056
- Habib, K., Hamelin, L., Wenzel, H. (2016). A dynamic perspective of the geopolitical supply risk of metals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 133, 850–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.118
- Hagelüken, C., Goldmann, D. (2022). Recycling and circular economy—towards a closed loop for metals in emerging clean technologies. Mineral Economics, 35(3), 539–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-022-00319-1
- Hajahmadi, Z., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N., Khakpour, H., Pirzadeh, K. (2015). Multicomponent isotherm for biosorption of Zn(II), CO(II) and Cd(II) from ternary mixture onto pretreated dried Aspergillus niger biomass. Water Resources and Industry, 11, 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2015.07.003
- Hoque, M. E., Philip, O. J. (2011). Biotechnological recovery of heavy metals from secondary sources-An overview. Materials Science & Engineering, C: Materials for Biological Applications, 31(2), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.09.019
- Horeh, N. B., Mousavi, S. M., Shojaosadati, S. A. (2016). Bioleaching of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion mobile phone batteries using Aspergillus Niger. Journal of Power Sources, 320, 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.104
- Hossain, M., Brooks, J. D., Maddox, I. S. (1984). The effect of the sugar source on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19(6), 393–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00454376
- Hosseini, M. R., Pazouki, M., Ranjbar, M., Habibian, M. (2007). Bioleaching of iron from highly contaminated Kaolin clay by Aspergillus niger. Applied Clay Science, 37(3-4), 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2007.01.010
- Jadhao, P. R., Mishra, S., Pandey, A., Pant, K. K., Nigam, K. D. P. (2021). Biohydrometallurgy: A sustainable approach for urban mining of metals and metal refining, in: Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability: Biomass Conversion and Green Chemistry - Volume 1, pp. 865–892. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65017-9_27
- Jain, R., Cirina, F., Kaden, P., Pollmann, K. (2017). Investigation of the Ga complexation behaviour of the siderophore desferrioxamine B, Solid State Phenomena, 262, 643–646. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.262.643
- Javanbakht, V., Alavi, S. A., Zilouei, H. (2014). Mechanisms of heavy metal removal using microorganisms as biosorbent. Water Science and Technology , 69(9), 1775–1787. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.718
- Jeremic, S., Beškoski, V. P., Djokic, L., Vasiljevic, B., Vrvić, M. M., Avdalović, J., Gojgić Cvijović, G., Beškoski, L. S., Nikodinovic-Runic, J. (2016). Interactions of the metal tolerant heterotrophic microorganisms and iron oxidizing autotrophic bacteria from sulphidic mine environment during bioleaching experiments. Journal of Environmental Management, 172, 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.041
- Kaksonen, A. H., Lavonen, L., Kuusenaho, M., Kolli, A., Närhi, H., Vestola, E., Puhakka, J. A., Tuovinen, O. H. (2011). Bioleaching and recovery of metals from final slag waste of the copper smelting industry, Minerals Engineering, 24(11), 1113–1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2011.02.011
- Kapoor, A., Viraraghavan, T. (1997). Heavy metal biosorption sites in Aspergillus niger. Bioresource Technology, 61(3), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00055-2
- Kiskira, K., Lymperopoulou, T., Lourentzatos, I., Tsakanika, L. A., Pavlopoulos, C., Papadopoulou, K., Ochsenkühn, K. M., Tsopelas, F., Chatzitheodoridis, E., Lyberatos, G., Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou, M. (2023). Bioleaching of Scandium from Bauxite Residue using Fungus Aspergillus Niger. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 14(10), 3377–3390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02116-5
- Krishnan, S., Zulkapli, N. S., Kamyab, H., Taib, S. M., Din, M. F. B. M., Majid, Z. A., Chaiprapat, S., Kenzo, I., Ichikawa, Y., Nasrullah, M., Chelliapan, S., Othman, N. (2021). Current technologies for recovery of metals from industrial wastes: An overview. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 22, 101525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101525
- Kruskal W. H., Wallis W. A. (1952). Use of ranks in one‐criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47, 583‐621.
- Kupczak, K., Warchulski, R., Ettler, V., & Mihaljevič, M. (2025). The impact of buried historical copper slags on contemporary soil contamination. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 273, 107743.
- Liaud, N., Giniés, C., Navarro, D., Fabre, N., Crapart, S., Gimbert, I.H., Levasseur, A., Raouche, S., Sigoillot, J.-C. (2014). Exploring fungal biodiversity: organic acid production by 66 strains of filamentous fungi. Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40694-014-0001-z
- Liu, Y. G., Fan, T., Zeng, G. M., Li, X., Tong, Q., Ye, F., Zhou, M., Xu, W. H., Huang, Y. E. (2006). Removal of cadmium and zinc ions from aqueous solution by living Aspergillus niger. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 16(3), 681–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(06)60121-0
- Malik, A. (2004). Metal bioremediation through growing cells. Environment International, 30(2), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2003.08.001
- Mikoda, B., Potysz, A., Kmiecik, E. (2019). Bacterial leaching of critical metal values from Polish copper metallurgical slags using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Journal of Environmental Management, 236, 436–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.032
- Mukhopadhyay, M., Noronha, S. B., Suraishkumar, G. K. (2011). A review on experimental studies of biosorption of heavy metals by Aspergillus niger. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 89(4), 889–900. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.20460
- Mukhopadhyay, M., Noronha, S. B., Suraishkumar, G. K. (2007). Kinetic modeling for the biosorption of copper by pretreated Aspergillus niger biomass. Bioresource Technology, 98(9), 1781–1787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.06.025
- Mulligan, C. N., Kamali, M. (2003). Bioleaching of copper and other metals from low-grade oxidized mining ores by Aspergillus niger. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 78(5), 497–503. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.830
- Mulligan, C. N., Kamali, M., Gibbs, B. F. (2004). Bioleaching of heavy metals from a low-grade mining ore using Aspergillus niger, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 110(1–3), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.02.040
- Nagar, N., Garg, H., Sharma, H., Angadi, S. I., Gahan, C. S. (2019). Influence Of Grinding Time On The Bioleaching Of Copper From Copper Slag. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 12, 512–522. https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/12.2/39
- Nikfar, S., Parsa, A., Bahaloo-Horeh, N., Mousavi, S. M. (2020). Enhanced bioleaching of Cr and Ni from a chromium-rich electroplating sludge using the filtrated culture of Aspergillus niger. Journal of Cleaner Production, 246, 121622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121622
- Nnanwube, I. A., Onukwuli, O. D. (2020). Modelling and optimization of zinc recovery from enyigba sphalerite in a binary solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 120(11), 609–616. https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1239/2020
- Nnanwube, I. A., Onukwuli, O. D., Ezekannagha, C. B. (2024). Kinetics of sphalerite dissolution for potential zinc recovery via oxidative leaching. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 63(4), 1592–1603. https://doi.org/10.1080/00084433.2024.2306037
- Ongondo, F. O., Williams, I. D., Whitlock, G. (2015). Distinct Urban Mines: Exploiting secondary resources in unique anthropogenic spaces. Waste management (New York, N.Y.) 45, 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.026
- Osman, Y., Gebreil, A., Mowafy, A. M., Anan, T. I., Hamed, S. M. (2019). Characterization of Aspergillus niger siderophore that mediates bioleaching of rare earth elements from phosphorites. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35(6), 93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-019-2666-1
- Potysz, A., Grybos, M., Kierczak, J., Guibaud, G., Fondaneche, P., Lens, P. N. L., van Hullebusch, E. D. (2017). Metal mobilization from metallurgical wastes by soil organic acids. Chemosphere, 178, 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.015
- Potysz, A., Grybos, M., Kierczak, J., Guibaud, G., Lens, P. N. L., van Hullebusch, E. D. (2015). Bacterially-mediated weathering of crystalline and amorphous Cu-slags. Applied Geochemistry, 64, 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.07.011
- Potysz, A., Kierczak, J., Fuchs, Y., Grybos, M., Guibaud, G., Lens, P. N. L., van Hullebusch, E. D. (2016a). Characterization and pH-dependent leaching behaviour of historical and modern copper slags. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 160, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.09.017
- Potysz, A., Lens, P. N. L., van de Vossenberg, J., Rene, E. R., Grybos, M., Guibaud, G., Kierczak, J., van Hullebusch, E. D. (2016b). Comparison of Cu, Zn and Fe bioleaching from Cu-metallurgical slags in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Applied Geochemistry 68, 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.03.006
- Potysz, A., van Hullebusch, E. D., Kierczak, J. (2018). Perspectives regarding the use of metallurgical slags as secondary metal resources – A review of bioleaching approaches. Journal of Environmental Management, 219, 138–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.083
- Qu, Y., Lian, B., Mo, B., Liu, C. (2013). Bioleaching of heavy metals from red mud using Aspergillus niger. Hydrometallurgy, 136, 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.03.006
- Santhiya, D., Ting, Y. P. (2006). Use of adapted Aspergillus niger in the bioleaching of spent refinery processing catalyst. Journal of Biotechnology, 121(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.07.002
- Sarkodie, E. K., Jiang, L., Li, K., Yang, J., Guo, Z., Shi, J., Deng, Y., Liu, H., Jiang, H., Liang, Y., Yin, H., Liu, X. (2022). A review on the bioleaching of toxic metal(loid)s from contaminated soil: Insight into the mechanism of action and the role of influencing factors. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 1049277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049277
- Schippers, A. (2017). Bioleaching of copper slag material, Solid State Phenomena, 262, 61–64. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.262.61
- Sethurajan, M., van Hullebusch, E. D., & Nancharaiah, Y. V. (2018). Biotechnology in the management and resource recovery from metal bearing solid wastes: Recent advances. The Journal of Environmental Management, 211, 138–153.
- Shapiro S. S. and Wilk M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52 (3–4), 591–611
- Sharada, H. M., Abdel-Halim, S. A., Hafez, M. A., Ibrahim, I. A., Elbarbary, T. A., Abdel-Fatah, Y. (2022). Bioleaching of copper from electronic waste using Aspergillus niger. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 12(6), 8406–8425. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC126.84068425
- Su, L., Hu, L., Sui, Q., Ding, C., Fang, D., Zhou, L. (2023). Improvement of fungal extraction of phosphorus from sewage sludge ash by Aspergillus niger using sludge filtrate as nutrient substrate. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) 157, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.007
- Sukla, L. B., Kar, R. N., Panchanadikar, V. (1992). Leaching of copper converter slag with Aspergillus niger culture filtrate. BioMetals, 5(3), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061324
- Sukla, L. B., Kar, R. N., Panchanadikar, V. V. (1995). Bioleaching of copper converter slag using aspergillus niger isolated from lateritic nickel ore. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 47(2), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207239508710947
- Tezyapar Kara, I., Kremser, K., Wagland, S. T., Coulon, F. (2023). Bioleaching metal-bearing wastes and by-products for resource recovery: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 21(6), 3329–3350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01611-4
- Tyszka, R., Pietranik, A., Potysz, A., Kierczak, J., Schulz, B. (2021). Experimental simulations of Zn–Pb slag weathering and its impact on the environment: Effects of acid rain, soil solution, and microbial activity. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 228, 106808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2021.106808
- van Hullebusch, E. D., Yin, N. H., Seignez, N., Labanowski, J., Gauthier, A., Lens, P. N. L., Avril, C., Sivry, Y. (2015). Bio-alteration of metallurgical wastes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a semi flow-through reactor. Journal of Environmental Management, 147, 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.018
- Warren, L. A., Grant Ferris, F. (1998). Continuum between sorption and precipitation of Fe(III) on microbial surfaces. Environmental Science and Technology, 32(15), 2331–2337. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9800481
- Welch, S. A., Kirste, D., Christy, A. G., Beavis, F. R., Beavis, S. G. (2008). Jarosite dissolution II-Reaction kinetics, stoichiometry and acid flux. Chemical Geology, 254(1–2), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.010
- Welch, S. A., Ullman, W. J. (1993). The effect of organic acids on plagioclase dissolution rates and stoichiometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57(12), 2725–2736. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90386-B
- Xu, T. J., Ramanathan, T., Ting, Y. P. (2014). Bioleaching of incineration fly ash by Aspergillus niger - Precipitation of metallic salt crystals and morphological alteration of the fungus. Biotechnology Reports, 3, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2014.05.009
- Xu, T. J., Ting, Y. P. (2004). Optimisation on bioleaching of incinerator fly ash by Aspergillus niger - Use of central composite design. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 35(5), 444–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.07.003
- Yang, J., Wang, Q., Luo, Q., Wang, Q., Wu, T. (2009). Biosorption behavior of heavy metals in bioleaching process of MSWI fly ash by Aspergillus niger. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 46(3), 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2009.05.022
- Yin, N. H., Sivry, Y., Avril, C., Borensztajn, S., Labanowski, J.Ô., Malavergne, V., Lens, P. N. L., Rossano, S., van Hullebusch, E. D. (2014). Bioweathering of lead blast furnace metallurgical slags by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 86, 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.10.013
- Zeng, X., Wei, S., Sun, L., Jacques, D. A., Tang, J., Lian, M., Ji, Z., Wang, J., Zhu, J., Xu, Z. (2015). Bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediments by the Aspergillus niger strain SY1. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 15(4), 1029–1038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1076-8
- Zhang, W., Yang, J., Wu, X., Hu, Y., Yu, W., Wang, J., Dong, J., Li, M., Liang, S., Hu, J., Kumar, R. V. (2016). A critical review on secondary lead recycling technology and its prospect. Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 61, 108–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.046
Language: English
Page range: 58 - 76
Submitted on: May 7, 2026
Accepted on: Sep 21, 2026
Published on: Oct 26, 2026
Published by: Mineralogical Society of Poland
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Aleksandra Cichosz, Anna Potysz, Artur Pędziwiatr, Jakub Kierczak, Manivannan Sethurajan, published by Mineralogical Society of Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.