Figure 1.

The prominence, dependence, and net effect of key sustainability factors in HSCM
| Factor | Prominence (D) | Dependence (R) | Net Effect (D - R) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sustainable Procurement | 10.08 | 7.90 | 2.17 |
| Green Logistics | 9.25 | 9.41 | -0.16 |
| Halal Certification | 8.61 | 9.42 | -0.80 |
| Supply Chain Transparency | 8.96 | 9.44 | -0.48 |
| Waste Management | 8.64 | 9.37 | -0.72 |