References
- Avcu, A. (2021). Item response theory-based psychometric investigation of SWLS for university students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(2), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.2.265
- Barkham, M., Broglia, E., Dufour, G., Fudge, M., Knowles, L., Percy, A., Turner, A., & Williams, C. (2019). Towards an evidence-base for student wellbeing and mental health: Definitions, developmental transitions and data sets. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 19, 351–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12227
- Beadle, J. N., & De la Vega, C. E. (2019). Impact of aging on empathy: Review of psychological and neural mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 331. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00331
- Bernárdez-Gómez, A., Martínez, M. J. B., González-Barea, E. M. & Rodríguez-Entrena, M. J. (2024). How are the Sustainable Development Goals being worked within the schools? Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 26(2), 162–193. https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2024-0021
- Biermann, P., Bitzer, J., & Gören, E. (2022). The relationship between age and subjective well-being: Estimating within and between effects simultaneously. The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 21, 100366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2021.100366
- Blanchflower, D. G. (2021). Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries. Journal of Population Economics, 34(2), 575–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00797-z
- Blanchflower, D. G., Bryson, A., & Xu, X. (2025). The declining mental health of the young and the global disappearance of the unhappiness hump shape in age. PloS One, 20(8), e0327858. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327858
- Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
- Carmona-Halty, M., Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2021). Linking positive emotions and academic performance: The mediated role of academic psychological capital and academic engagement. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 40(6), 2938–2947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00227-8
- Cheng, T. C., Powdthavee, N., & Oswald, A. J. (2017). Longitudinal evidence for a midlife nadir in human well-being: Results from four data sets. Economic Journal, 127(599), 126–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12256
- Chopik, W. J., Newton, N. J., Ryan, L. H., Kashdan, T. B., & Jarden, A. J. (2019). Gratitude across the life span: Age differences and links to subjective well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(3), 292–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1414296
- Das, K. V., Jones-Harrell, C., Fan, Y., Ramaswami, A., Orlove, B., & Botchwey, N. (2020). Understanding subjective well-being: Perspectives from psychology and public health. Public Health Reviews, 41(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-020-00142-5
- Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
- Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
- Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2008). Happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth. Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444305159
- Diener, E., Ng, W., & Tov, W. (2008). Balance of life and declining mariginal utility of diverse resources. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 3(4), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-009-9062-1
- Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
- Dodd, A. L., Priestley, M., Tyrrell, K., Cygan, S., Newell, C., & Byrom, N. C. (2021). University student well-being in the United Kingdom: A scoping review of its conceptualisation and measurement. Journal of Mental Health, 30(3), 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2021.1875419
- Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social Indicators Research, 110(3), 837–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7
- Gál, Z., Kasik, L., Jámbori, S., Fejes, J. B., & Nagy, K. (2022). Social problem-solving, life satisfaction and well-being among high school and university students. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 10(1), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2020.1856249
- Geertshuis, S. A. (2019). Slaves to our emotions: Examining the predictive relationship between emotional intelligence and student performance. Higher Education Studies, 10(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n4p1
- Graham, C., & Ruiz Pozuelo, J. (2017). Happiness, stress, and age: How the U curve varies across people and places. Journal of Population Economics, 30(1), 225–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-016-0611-2
- Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
- Keyes, C. L. M., & Magyar-Moe, J. L. (2003). The measurement and utility of adult subjective well-being. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 411–425). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10612-026
- Keyes, C. L. (2006). Mental health in adolescence: Is America’s youth flourishing? The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(3), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.395
- Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007–1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
- Khatri, P., Duggal, H. K., Lim, W. M., Thomas, A., & Shiva, A. (2024). Student well-being in higher education: Scale development and validation with implications for management education. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(1), 100933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100933
- Lacey, H. P., Smith, D. M., & Ubel, P. A. (2006). Hope I die before I get old: Mispredicting happiness across the adult lifespan. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(2), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-2748-7
- Larwin, K. H., Harvey, M. E., & Constantinou, S. T. (2020). An expanded life satisfaction model: A component of subjective well-being. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 11(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.2458/v11i1.23915
- Legatum Institute. (2023). The Legatum Prosperity Index 2023. https://docs.prosperity.com/7116/7757/0247/The_2023_Legatum_Prosperity_Overview_report.pdf
- Lomas, T., Pawelski, J. O., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2024). Flourishing as “sustainable well-being”: Balance and harmony within and across people, ecosystems, and time. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 20(2), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2024.2362435
- Luthans, F., & Avolio, B. J. (2014). Brief summary of psychological capital and introduction to the special issue. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(2), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813518073
- Maddux, J. E. (2018). Subjective well-being and life satisfaction: An introduction to conceptions, theories, and measures. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Subjective well-being and life satisfaction (pp. 3–31). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351231879-1
- Makoe, M. (2022). The futures of higher education: Reimagining the futures of higher education – Insights from a scenario development process towards 2050. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000389902
- Moreno-Montero, E., Ferradás, M. M., & Freire, C. (2024). Personal resources for psychological well-being in university students: The roles of psychological capital and coping strategies. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 14(10), 2686–2701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100177
- Nannings, M., van Weerdenburg, M., van der Zanden, P. J. A. C., & Hoogeveen, L. (2025). Social–emotional and educational needs of higher education students with high abilities: A systematic review. Behavioral Sciences, 15(6), 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060819
- Negovan, V. (2010). Dimensions of students’ psychosocial well-being and their measurement: Validation of a students’ psychosocial well-being inventory. European Journal of Psychology, 6(2), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v6i2.186
- Neufeld, A., & Malin, G. (2020). How medical students’ perceptions of instructor autonomy-support mediate their motivation and psychological well-being. Medical Teacher, 42(6), 650–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2019.1708871
- Neves, J., & Hillman, N. (2018). Student academic experience survey. Advance HE & Higher Education Policy Institute.
- Oparina, E., Kaiser, C., Gentile, N., Tkatchenko, A., Clark, A. E., De Neve, J.-E., & D’Ambrosio, C. (2025). Machine learning in the prediction of human wellbeing. Scientific Reports, 15, 1632. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84137-1
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2025). OECD guidelines on measuring subjective well-being. https://doi.org/10.1787/9203632a-en
- Ortega-Maldonado, A., & Salanova, M. (2018). Psychological capital and performance among undergraduate students: The role of meaning-focused coping and satisfaction. Teaching in Higher Education, 23(4), 390 – 402. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1391199
- O’Toole, V., & O’Flaherty, J. (2022). The role of emotion in higher education: Exploring global citizenship education. Irish Educational Studies, 43(4), 645–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2022.2135565
- Quinlan, K. M. (2016). How emotion matters in four key relationships in teaching and learning in higher education. College Teaching, 64(3), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2015.1088818
- Riva, E., Freeman, R., Schrock, L., Jelicic, V., Ozer, C. T., & Caleb, R. (2020). Student well-being in the teaching and learning environment: A study exploring student and staff perspectives. Higher Education Studies, 10(4), Article 103. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n4p103
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
- Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
- Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
- Saadeh, M., Welmer, A.-K., Dekhtyar, S., Fratiglioni, L., & Calderón-Larrañaga, A. (2020). The role of psychological and social well-being on physical function trajectories in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(8), 1579–1585. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa114
- Salīte, I., Drelinga, E., Iliško, D., Oļehnoviča, E., & Zariņa, S. (2016). Sustainability from the transdisciplinary perspective: An action research strategy for continuing education program development. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 18(2), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1515/jtes-2016-0020
- Salīte, I., Fjodorova, I., Butlere, I., & Ivanova, O. (2021). More personal knowledge for more sustainable higher education. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 23(1), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2021-0011
- Schaie, K. W. (2016). Theoretical perspectives for the psychology of aging in a lifespan context. In K. W. Schaie & S. L. Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (8th ed., pp. 3–13). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-411469-2.00001-7
- Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
- Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and wellbeing. Free Press.
- Stasulane, A. (2017). Factors determining children and young people’s well-being at school. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 19(2), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1515/jtes-2017-0021
- Stone, A. A., Mackie, C., & National Research Council. (2013). Subjective well-being: Measuring happiness, suffering, and other dimensions of experience. National Academies Press.
- Turner, M., Holdsworth, S. S., & Scott Young, C. M. (2017). Resilience at university: The development and testing of a new measure. Higher Education Research & Development, 36(2), 386-–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1185398
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. UNESCO Publishing. https://doi.org/10.54675/CGBA9153
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020). Education for sustainable development for 2030: A roadmap. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374802
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2023). A renewed vision for higher education: The need to focus on quality and inclusion. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/renewed-vision-higher-education-needs-focus-quality-and-inclusion
- Usher, K., Bhullar, N., & Jackson, D. (2020). Life in the pandemic: Social isolation and mental health. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(15-16), 2756–2757. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15290
- VanderWeele, T. J. (2017). On the promotion of human flourishing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(31), 8148–8156. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702996114
- VanderWeele, T. J., Johnson, B. R., Bialowolski, P. T., Bonhag, R., Bradshaw, M., Breedlove, T., Case, B., Chen, Y., Chen, Z. J., Counted, V., Cowden, R. G., de la Rosa, P. A., Felton, C., Fogleman, A., Gibson, C., Grigoropoulou, N., Gundersen, C., Jang, S. J., Johnson, K. A., Kent, B. V., … Yancey, G. (2025). The global flourishing study: Study profile and initial results on flourishing. Mental Health, 3(6), 636–653. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-025-00423-5
- Zainal, Z. (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 9, 1–6. Zhang, K. C. (2025). “How do I start strong?” Exploring the subjective well-being, beliefs, and lifestyles of first-year university students in the UK. Societies, 15(3), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030067
- Zhao, Y., & Hua, Y. (2025). The prediction of student wellbeing and flourishing from university learning experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1585058. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1585058