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Association of pre-hatch temperature with body size traits of emergent Meloidogyne hapla second-stage juveniles Cover

Association of pre-hatch temperature with body size traits of emergent Meloidogyne hapla second-stage juveniles

Open Access
|Nov 2026
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Figures & tables

Table 1

Meloidogyne hapla egg incubation temperature and duration

StageIncubation duration (h)TemperatureNumber of repetitions
aStress temperatures aNon-stress temperatures
10 eggs1 (control)5°C35°C40°C10°C20°C (control)30°C3
2
8
24

[i] aStress and non-stress temperatures were determined on the basis of review of the literature.

Figure 1

Association between Meloidogyne hapla J2 body length and temperature. Control = temperature 20°C. Averaged effects (marginal means) estimated for the best model indicated in the model selection are presented (Table 2, model 1). The dot indicates the value of the estimate, the whiskers indicate the 95% confidence interval of this estimate.

Table 2

Selection of GLM models explaining differences in body length of J2 Meloidogyne hapla in relation to egg incubation temperature/duration

No.Model (predictors)LLAICcΔ AICcdfweight
1Body length ∼ temperature−2283.24578.60.060.88
2Body length ∼ temperature + incubation duration−282.24582.64.090.12
3Body length ∼ temperature + incubation duration + temperature: incubation duration−278.64600.822.221<0.001
4Body length ∼ incubation duration−386.64783.2204.65<0.001

For each model, the variables used as predictors, are given: the logarithm of the maximum likelihood (LL), the value of the AICc, the difference in the AICc values of the given model and the model with the minimum AICc in the analyzed set of models (Δ AICc), the number of degrees of freedom (df), and the Akaike weight of the given model (weight).

Figure 2

Association between body width of Meloidogyne hapla J2 and egg incubation temperature and duration (h – hour, individual panels). Control = temperature 20°C. Averaged effects (marginal means) estimated for the best model indicated in the GLM model selection are presented (Table 3, model 1). The dot indicates the value of the estimate, the whiskers indicate the 95% confidence interval of this estimate.

Table 3

Selection of GLM models explaining differences in body width of J2 Meloidogyne hapla in relation to egg incubation temperature/duration

No.Model (predictors)LLAICcΔ AICcdfweight
1Body width ∼ temperature + incubation duration + temperature: incubation duration−417.1877.80.0211
2Body width ∼ temperature + incubation duration−82.2982.8104.99<0.001
3Body width ∼ temperature−488.7989.4111.66<0.001
4Body width ∼ incubation duration−612.11234.3356.55<0.001

For each model, the variables used as predictors, are given: the logarithm of the maximum likelihood (LL), the value of AICc, the difference in the AICc values of the given model and the model with the minimum AICc in the analyzed set of models (Δ AICc), the number of degrees of freedom (df), and the Akaike weight of the given model (weight).

Figure 3

Association between body mass of Meloidogyne hapla J2 and egg incubation temperature/time (h – hour, individual panels). Control = temperature of 20°C. Average effects (marginal means) estimated for the best model indicated by the GLM model selection are shown (Table 4, model 1). The dot denotes the value of the estimate, the whiskers denote the 95% confidence interval of that estimate.

Table 4

Selection of GLM models explaining differences in body mass of J2 Meloidogyne hapla in relation to egg incubation temperature/duration

No.Model (predictors)LLAICcΔ AICcdfweight
1Body mass ∼ temperature + incubation duration + temperature: incubation duration2430.0−4816.30.0211
2Body mass ∼ temperature + incubation duration2383.7−4749.167.29<0.001
3Body mass ∼ temperature2379.1−4746.070.36<0.001
4Body mass ∼ incubation duration2232.8−4455.5360.85<0.001

For each model, the variables used as predictors are given: the logarithm of the maximum likelihood (LL), the value of AICc, the difference in the AICc values of the given model and the model with the minimum AICc in the analyzed set of models (Δ AICc), the number of degrees of freedom (df), and the Akaike weight of the given model (weight).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2026-0042 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Page range: 658 - 668
Submitted on: Mar 6, 2026
Accepted on: Sep 12, 2026
Published on: Nov 11, 2026
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Łukasz Flis, Renata Dobosz, Aneta Chałańska, Przemysław Chylarecki, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.