Description of Hexamermis philaeni n. sp. (Enoplea: Mermithidae), a parasitoid of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Italy
References
- Achinelly, M. F., and Camino, N. B. 2008. Hexamermis paranaense new species (Nematoda, Mermithidae): a parasite of Diloboderus abderus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in Argentina. Iheringia Série Zoologia 98:460–463. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212008000400007.
- Braun, M. 1883. Die thierisher Parasiten des Menchen nebst einer Anleitung zur praktischen Beschaeftigung mit der Helminthologie fuer Stadierende und Aertze. Anon, Wurzburg. 233 pp.
- Bouckaert, R., Heled, J., Kühnert, D., Vaughan, T., Wu, C-H., Xie, D., et al. 2014. BEAST 2: A software platform for bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLoS Computational Biology 10(4):e1003537.
- Cobb, N. A., Steiner, G., and Christie, J. R. 1923. Agamermis decaudata, Cobb, Steiner, and Christie; a Nema Parasite of Grasshoppers and other Insects. Journal of Agricultural Research 23(11):921–926.
- Douda, O., Zouhar, M., Nováková, E., Mazáková, J., and Ryšánek, P. 2010. Variability of D2/D3 segment sequences of several populations and pathotypes of potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida. Plant Protection Science 46(4):171–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2010-PPS.
- Fabricius, J.C. 1787a. Classis VII. Ryngota. In Mantissa insectorum sistens species nvper detectas adiectis synonymis, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae. Vol. 2, pp. 260–275. [382 pp.]
- Foucher, A., and Wilson, M. 2002. Development of a polymerase chain reaction‐based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique to study nematode species biodiversity using the 18S rDNA gene. Molecular Ecology Notes 2(1):45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00141.x
- Hernández-Crespo, P., and Santiago-Alvarez, C. 1997. Description of Hexamermis serenensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) a parasite of Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg) (Orthoptera:Acrididae) in Spain. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 20:37–42.
- Holterman, M., van der Wurff, A., van den Elsen, S., van Megen, H., Bongers, T., Holovachov, O., et al. 2006. Phylum-wide analysis of SSU rDNA reveals deep phylogenetic relationships among nematodes and accelerated evolution toward crown clades. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23(9):1792–1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msl044
- Kaiser, H. 1991. Terrestrial and semiterrestrial Mermithidae. In Nickle, W. R. (Ed.). Manual of Agricultural Nematology (pp. 899–965). New York: Marcel Dekker.
- Kobylinski, K. C., Sylla, M., Black, W., and Foy, B. D. 2012. Mermithid nematodes found in adult Anopheles from southeastern Senegal. Parasites and Vectors 5:131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-131
- Manachini, B., and Landi, S. 2003. New record of Hexamermis sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasiting Rhaphigaster nebulosa Poda (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e Bachicoltura 35(1):91–94.
- Manfredi, M. T., Orecchia, P., Paggi, L., Vinciguerra, M. T., and Zullini, A. 1995. Nematoda Adenophorea. In Check-list delle specie della fauna italiana, 9 (pp. 1–31). Minelli, A., Ruffo, S., La Posta, S., Bologna: Calderini.
- Mazza, G., Paoli, F., Strangi, A., Torrini, G., Marianelli, L., Peverieri, G. S., et al. 2017. Hexamermis popilliae n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Italy. Systematic Parasitology 94(8):915–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-017-9746-0
- Nencioni, A., Bigiotti, G., Gargani, E., Sacchetti, P., Strangi, A., and Cutino, I. 2025. First Record of Mermithidae (Enoplea: Mermithida) Parasitizing Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Central Italy. Journal of Nematology 57(1):20250019. 10.2478/jofnem-2025-0019
- Nguyen, K., and Hunt, D. 2007. Entomopathogenic nematodes: systematics, phylogeny and bacterial symbionts. Leiden:Brill.
- Petersen, J. J. 1985. Nematodes as Biological Control Agents: Part I. Mermithidae. Advanced Parasitology 24:307–344.
- Poinar, G. O. Jr. 2010. Nematoda and nematomorpha. In: Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates, New York: Academic Press.
- Poinar, G. J., and Linares, B. 1985. Hexamermis dactylocercus sp. n. (Mermithidae: Nematoda), a parasite of Aeneolamia varia (Cercopidae: Homoptera) in Venezuela. Revue de Nematologie 8(2):109–111
- Poinar Jr, G. O., Mondet, B., Gouteux, J. P., and Laveissière, C. 1981. Hexamermis glossinae sp. nov. (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasite of tse-tse flies in West Africa. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59(5):858–861.
- Steiner, G. 1924. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Mermithiden. 2. Teil. Mermithiden aus Paraguay in der Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie Parasitenkunde Infektionskrankheiten Und Hygiene II Abteilung 62:90–110.
- Talavera, G., Castresana, J., Kjer, K., Page, R., and Sullivan, J. 2007. Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic Biology 56:564–577. 10.1080/10635150701472164.
- von Siebold, Th. 1848. Ueber die Fadenwiirmer der Insecten. Stettiner entomologische Zeitung 9:290–300.
- Vrain, T. C., Wakarchuk, D. A., Lévesque, A. C., and Hamilton, R. I. 1992. Intraspecific rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum group. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15(6):563–573.
- Weaver, C. R., and King, D. R. 1954. Meadow spittlebug Philaenus leucophtalmus Research Bullettin of Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station 741:1–99.
- Welch, H. E. 1963. Amphimermis bogongae sp. nov. and Hexamermis cavicola sp. nov. from the Australian bogong moth, Agrotis infusa (Boisd.), with a review of the genus Amphimermis Kaburaki and Imamura, 1932 (Nematoda: Mermithidae). Parasitology 53(1–2):55–62.
- Wells, J. M., Raju, B. C., Hung, H. Y., Weisburg, W. G., Mandelco-Paul, L., and Brenner, D. J. 1987. Xylella fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov: gram-negative, xylem-limited, fastidious plant bacteria related to Xanthomonas spp. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 37(2):136–143.
Language: English
Page range: 520 - 531
Submitted on: Mar 9, 2026
Accepted on: May 19, 2026
Published on: Oct 15, 2026
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Anita Nencioni, Gaia Bigiotti, Elisabetta Gargani, Ilaria Cutino, Agostino Strangi, Patrizia Sacchetti, José Matías Rusconi, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.