Plectus of the Prairie: A Case Study of Taxonomic Resolution from a Nematode Biodiversity Survey

Borgmeier, Abigail; Gattoni, Kaitlin; Harris, Tim; Higgins, Rebecca; Mullin, Peter; Porazinska, Dorota; Powers, Kirsten; Wedin, David; Powers, Thomas

doi:10.2478/jofnem-2022-0039

Figures & Tables

Map of Nebraska and location of the 16-km-long Lancaster County Prairie Corridor. Orange dots indicate the 15 remnant prairie sites.

Two general Plectus morphotypes. (A, C) Illustrate the small amphid, short-tailed type; (B, D) Illustrate the large amphid, long-tailed type.

ML COI phylogenetic tree of Plectus specimens. Brackets denote the 20 major haplotype groups. Habitat type for each of these groups is indicated, as well as tail length-amphid size morphology for the Prairie Corridor groups. Taxon labels include the Nematode Identification Number, the genus name, and sample location. GenBank accessions are labeled with their accession number and complete name. Some haplotype groups were collapsed when identical sequences represented the group. Red numbers represent the bootstrap values from 1,000 iterations. All 44 Prairie Corridor specimens are labeled as such. ML, maximum likelihood.

A representation of body length and overall morphology from select haplotype groups. NID and group numbers correspond to placement on the COI tree.

Select anterior body morphology of different haplotype groups.

Representative cephalic regions and stomas of seven haplotype groups. Groups 3, 4, and 6 display offset cephalic regions and relatively small diameter amphids, compared to the continuous head regions and larger amphid diameters of groups 8, 9, 17, and 20. Heavier anterior sclerotization of the stoma is seen in groups 3 and 4 compared to the long, tapered stomas of 8, 9, 17, and 20.

Relative tail lengths and anal body widths in different haplotype groups.

ML tree of 18S sequences. OTUs from metabarcoding are highlighted in yellow. Sanger sequences from the prairie corridor are highlighted in green. Numbers following the genus name correspond to COI clade. GenBank accessions are included with their full species name. ML, maximum likelihood; OTUs, operational taxonomic units.

Scanning electron micrograph of short-tailed specimen exhibiting caudal setae near tail terminus on dorsal surface.

Scanning Electron Micrograph of corresponding heads and tails of long-tailed morphotype (A, B) and short-tailed morphotypes (C, D and E, F).

Within-a and between-group distances_

	Plectus frigophilus	Plectus sp. 2	Plectus sp. 3	Plectus sp. 4	Plectus sp. 6	Plectus sp. 7	Plectus sp. 8	Plectus sp. 9	Plectus sp. 10	Plectus sp. 11
Plectus frigophilus	0.01445
Plectus sp. 2	0.145469	0.0458
Plectus sp. 3	0.132330	0.105149	0.02642
Plectus sp. 4	0.144087	0.152672	0.153299	0.00254
Plectus sp. 6	0.164902	0.144402	0.142419	0.136768	0.00636
Plectus sp. 7	0.161954	0.152672	0.162706	0.153944	0.169847	0
Plectus sp. 8	0.147804	0.152248	0.148707	0.148007	0.155428	0.094996	0.00339
Plectus sp. 9	0.158646	0.164758	0.172045	0.123410	0.152672	0.133588	0.147371	0.00763
Plectus sp. 10	0.146456	0.148855	0.149938	0.115776	0.157125	0.124682	0.118745	0.086514	n/c^b
Plectus sp. 11	0.146744	0.150763	0.146703	0.131043	0.163486	0.141221	0.154368	0.113868	0.124682	0.03053
Plectus murrayi	0.147902	0.166545	0.155100	0.138186	0.175413	0.156327	0.163139	0.100769	0.123120	0.100899
Plectus sp. 14	0.142599	0.149703	0.147779	0.139525	0.155428	0.141645	0.139949	0.118533	0.106022	0.114080
Plectus sp. 15	0.173392	0.161578	0.172686	0.151399	0.174936	0.145038	0.153520	0.128499	0.114504	0.133588
Plectus sp. 16	0.169633	0.170059	0.168288	0.152248	0.166455	0.143342	0.146735	0.132740	0.116200	0.120865
Plectus sp. 17	0.165902	0.176845	0.164923	0.137405	0.144402	0.153944	0.172604	0.145038	0.138677	0.131679
Plectus sp. 18	0.163522	0.174936	0.170885	0.146310	0.157761	0.152672	0.158609	0.148855	0.131679	0.132316
Plectus sp. 19	0.176055	0.180662	0.169356	0.152248	0.160517	0.146735	0.153520	0.151612	0.134012	0.133164
Plectus sp. 20	0.175147	0.172392	0.166065	0.148219	0.160760	0.156398	0.165243	0.157397	0.130225	0.128862
Plectus sp. 5	0.130518	0.148551	0.143198	0.107337	0.163043	0.163043	0.150060	0.156703	0.142210	0.151721
Plectus sp. 12	0.147765	0.161232	0.156868	0.132699	0.161232	0.154891	0.162138	0.110960	0.134964	0.101449

Prairie Corridor specimen measurements from images_

Group	NID	Taxon	Stage	Initial characterization			Voucher measurements in micrometer
Group	NID	Taxon	Stage	Amphid	Tail	Tail length	Anal body width	c´ ratio	Amphid width	Neck width at amphid	Amphid/ neck width (%)
3	NID	Plectus	F	Small,	Short	65	26.7	2.4	2	19	0.11
	12485	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	35	15	2.3	2.5	17.5	0.14
	13239	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	62	28	2.2	NA	NA	NA
	13543	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	70	29.4	2.4	2.5	NA	NA
	13030	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	61	28.9	2.1	2.5	16.6	0.15
	13045	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	65	27.5	2.4	NA	NA	NA
	13255	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	66	28.9	2.3	2	17.5	0.11
	13357	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	63	25.2	2.5	2	16.2	0.12
	13530	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	63	28.9	2.2	2	17	0.12
	13538	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	70	29	2.4	2.5	12	0.21
	11764	sp. 3		round
3	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	74	34	2.2	2	12	0.17
	11765	sp. 3		round
4	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	77	25	3.1	2.5	17	0.15
	13280	sp. 4		round
4	NID	Plectus	F	Small,	Short	94	33.6	2.8	2	20.4	0.10
	13608	sp. 4		round
6	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	72	27.6	2.6	3	15.7	0.19
	13176	sp. 6		round
6	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	75	27.2	2.8	2.5	17	0.15
	13287	sp. 6		round
6	NID	Plectus	J	Small,	Short	92	33.6	2.7	3	18.3	0.16
	13425	sp. 6		round
17	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	129	33.2	3.9	4	17.9	0.22
	13180	sp. 17		round
17	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	120	28.5	4.2	5	20.4	0.25
	13460	sp. 17		round
18	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	91.6	17.4	5.3	3.5	13.6	0.26
	13465	sp. 18		round
19	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	105	18	5.8	3.3	12.5	0.26
	12733	sp. 19		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	92.5	17	5.4	3.5	14	0.25
	13403	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	94	18.3	5.1	3.5	15.3	0.23
	13479	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	85	18.3	4.6	4	14.5	0.28
	13486	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	88	16.2	5.4	4	14.9	0.27
	13444	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	J	Large,	Long	102	20	5.1	4	15.3	0.26
	13440	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	94	18.7	5.0	3	14.9	0.20
	13118	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	J	Large,	Long	110	20.8	5.3	4.5	16.2	0.28
	13133	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	97	19.6	4.9	3.5	14.9	0.23
	13203	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	98	17	5.8	4.5	14.9	0.30
	13225	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	96	20.4	4.7	4	14.9	0.27
	13329	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	J	Large,	Long	78	13.6	5.7	3.5	11.5	0.30
	13344	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	100	17	5.9	4	14.5	0.28
	13369	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	94	17.9	5.2	4	13.6	0.29
	13471	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	99	19.6	5.0	NA	NA	NA
	13491	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	93	19.1	4.9	3.5	15.7	0.22
	13587	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	78	17.9	4.4	4	13.6	0.29
	13598	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	91	18.3	5.0	3.5	14	0.25
	13601	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	88	16.2	5.4	4.5	14	0.32
	13622	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	108	20	5.4	3.5	14.9	0.23
	13628	sp. 20		round
20	NID	Plectus	F	Large,	Long	92	18.3	5.0	3.4	14.9	0.23
	13641	sp. 20		round

Measurements of non-Prairie Corridor Plectus specimens_

Taxon (n)	Group 16 (3) keys to Plectus aquatilis	Group 14 (3) keys to P. cirratus	Group 9 (4) keys to P. cirratus	Group 8 (3) keys to Plectus longicaudatus	Group 13 (5) keys to P. murrayi	Group 15 (4) keys to P. palustris
L	1,394.9 ± 191.0	1,170.6 ± 78.4	1,032.7 ± 111.3	696.8 ± 35.1	883.8 ± 25.7	1,642.0 ± 141.5
	(1,183–1,646)	(1,071–1,262)	(874–1,176)	(654–740)	(840–917)	(1,411–1,778)
Tail	156.7 ± 15.3	123.8 ± 10.1	104.1 ± 10.8	100.2 ± 6.9	101.3 ± 5.2	224.7 ± 17.8
length	(145–178)	(110–135)	(88–117)	(91–107)	(94–109)	(200–246)
a	21.5 ± 0.7	27.3 ± 3.4	24.6 ± 2.5	26.7 ± 1.9	23.0 ± 0.8	34.2 ± 3.0
	(20.8–22.5)	(22.7–30.7)	(20.6–27.2)	(24.5–29.2)	(22.0–24.2)	(31.0–38.9)
b	4.5 ± 0.3	3.7 ± 0.1	4.0 ± 0.2	3.6 ± 0.0	4.1 ± 0.1	4.8 ± 0.3
	(4.2–4.9)	(3.7–3.8)	(3.6–4.1)	(3.6–3.7)	(4.0–4.2)	(4.3–5.0)
c	8.9 ± 0.5	9.5 ± 0.5	9.9 ± 0.1	7.0 ± 0.2	8.7 ± 0.3	7.3 ± 0.2
	(8.2–9.2)	(8.8–10.0)	(9.8–10.1)	(6.7–7.2)	(8.3–9.1)	(7.1–7.6)
c´	4.8 ± 0.1	5.0 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.3	8.1 ± 0.9	4.8 ± 0.3	8.1 ± 0.4
	(4.6–4.9)	(4.4–5.5)	(4.0–4.7)	(6.9–8.7)	(4.1–5.1)	(7.6–8.7)
V%	49.6 ± 0.9	49.8 ± 0.7	49.9 ± 0.9	47.9 ± 0.5	48.1 ± 0.4	46.2 ± 0.5
	(48.4–50.5)	(48.8–50.6)	(49.0–51.3)	(47.2–48.5)	(47.8–48.9)	(45.7–47.0)
V–A/T	3.5 ± 0.3	3.8 ± 0.3	4.0 ± 0.1	2.6 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.1
	(3.1–3.8)	(3.4–4.1)	(3.8–4.1)	(2.6–2.8)	(3.3–3.8)	(2.8–3.1)
LR W/H	2.5 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.3	2.7 ± 0.1	2.0 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.2
	(2.0–2.8)	(2.3–3.0)	(2.6–2.8)	(1.5–2.3)	(2.1–2.7)	(1.6–2.2)
rec/abw	0.8 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.2	1.9 ±0.2	1.0 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1
	(0.7–0.9)	(1.1–1.3)	(0.8–1.3)	(1.7–2.2)	(0.7–1.1)	(1.1–1.3)
Ceph	3.5 ± 0.6 (3–4)	3.5 ± 0.9 (3–5)	3.7 ± 0.8 (3–5)	3.2 ± 0.1 (3–3)	3.4 ± 0.5 (3–4)	3.0 ± 0.2 (3–3)
set L
Ceph	5.9 ± 0.6 (5–7)	5.8 ± 0.8 (5–7)	6.5 ± 1.0 (5–8)	5.1 ± 0.5 (4–6)	5.5 ± 0.8 (5–7)	6.0 ± 1.0 (5–7)
set pos
Set L/	26.5 ± 5.5	25.5 ± 3.1	29.1 ± 5.3	38.7 ± 9.4	31.3 ± 6.1	24.5 ± 1.9
lrw%	(19.3–32.7)	(22.3–29.7)	(22.4–35.2)	(31.6–52.0)	(21.2–39.5)	(22.9–27.7)
Amphid	3.5 ± 0.4 (3–4)	3.3 ± 0.2 (3–3)	3.5 ± 0.5 (3–4)	3.1 ± 0.1 (3–3)	2.5 ± 0.2 (2–3)	3.4 ± 0.3 (3–4)
W
Amp	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.0	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.2
L/W	(0.8–1.0)	(0.9–0.9)	(0.6–0.9)	(0.6–0.9)	(0.9–1.2)	(0.8–1.3)
Amphid	12.3 ± 0.5	10.3 ± 1.4	13.0 ± 1.1	8.4 ± 0.6 (8–9)	11.2 ± 1.1	14.2 ± 0.5
pos	(12–13)	(8–12)	(12–15)		(10–13)	(13–15)
Amp W/	19.9 ± 2.8	18.6 ± 2.5	19.8 ± 2.8	26.6 ± 0.9	15.5 ± 2.0	18.5 ± 2.1
head%	(17.5–23.9)	(15.2–20.9)	(15.8–23.3)	(25.5–27.7)	(13.2–18.5)	(16.0–21.7)
Stoma L	24.3 ± 0.1	24.3 ± 3.5	24.1 ± 4.3	18.3 ± 2.2	21.4 ± 3.8	27.0 ± 2.1
	(24–24)	(19–28)	(20–31)	(17–21)	(16–27)	(24–30)
Stoma	7.4 ±1.2	6.7 ± 2.0	7.3 ± 2.1	5.5 ± 0.7	8.7 ± 3.5	9.5 ± 1.3
L/W	(6.1–8.9)	(4.6–9.5)	(4.2–9.5)	(4.8–6.2)	(6.0–15.4)	(7.5–10.9)
Sto W/	21.8 ±1.8	26.7 ± 7.8	24.6 ±7.3	31.9 ± 2.2	21.3 ± 4.8	20.8 ± 2.1
head%	(19.3–23.5)	(16.2–34.7)	(19.7–37.2)	(29.7–34.1)	(12.3–26.7)	(18.3–24.1)
Prosto/	30.3 ± 2.0	24.8 ± 7.0	32.1 ± 4.1	31.2 ± 1.0	22.8 ± 4.4	30.8 ± 2.7
sto%	(27.8–32.7)	(18.3–34.6)	(27.8–38.8)	(29.9–32.4)	(15.7–28.6)	(27.8–35.1)
Exc	56.3 ± 0.8	54.1 ± 0.8	53.9 ± 3.5	54.1 ± 1.6	57.2 ± 0.7	56.2 ± 0.7
Pore%	(55.6–57.4)	(53.1–55.1)	(48.3–57.1)	(52.5–55.7)	(56.4–58.5)	(55.4–57.0)
Cerv	208.9 ± 50.2	192.1 ± 27.3	147.2 ± 13.6	90.0 ± 0.0	130.9 ± 3.2	202.3 ± 8.3
papilla	(167–279)	(165–229)	(134–170)	(90–90)	(126–134)	(191–214)
Body	1.7 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.0	1.6 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.2
ann W	(1.3–2.0)	(1.1–1.2)	(1.4–1.7)	(0.9–1.1)	(1.2–1.4)	(1.2–1.7)
G’1%	25.0 ± 1.7	19.6 ± 2.9	20.5 ± 2.7	14.0 ± 0.7	16.6 ± 2.2	20.0 ± 2.0
	(23.3–26.7)	(15.9–23.0)	(16.5–23.3)	(12.9–14.6)	(13.5–19.8)	(17.9–22.4)
G’2%	25.5 ± 2.8	18.7 ± 3.1	18.2 ± 3.2	17.1 ± 2.6	18.0 ± 3.4	20.1 ± 2.0
	(22.7–28.2)	(14.7–22.4)	(13.4–21.3)	(14.3–20.5)	(14.4–22.3)	(17.0–22.2)
Spin	1.5 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.5	1.3 ± 0.4	2.0 ± 0.6
L/W	(1.3–1.6)	(1.5–2.0)	(1.1–1.4)	(0.6–1.6)	(0.8–1.9)	(1.3–2.8)

Specimen collection information_

Group	NID	Species	Site	Location	Marker	GB Accession #
1	N11040	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208981
1	N11213	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208968
1	N11461	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208969
1	N11211	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208970
1	N11110	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208971
1	N11042	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208973
1	N11146	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208976
1	N11041	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208977
1	N11526	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208978
1	N11142	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208979
1	N11215	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208980
1	N11161	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208982
1	N11035	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208983
1	N11034	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208984
1	N11109	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208985
1	N11121	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208986
1	N11140	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208987
1	N11216	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208989
1	N11227	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208990
1	N11218	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208992
1	N11473	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208993
1	N11209	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208988
1	N12079	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208991
1	N11107	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208972
1	N11033	Plectus frigophilus	Lake Bonney	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208974
1	N11047	Plectus frigophilus	Garwood Valley	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP208975
2	N11873	Plectus sp. 2	Barley field	Hall County, MT	COI	OP208994
2	N11874	Plectus sp. 2	Barley field	Hall County, MT	COI	OP208995
3	N13530	Plectus sp. 3	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209006
3	N13357	Plectus sp. 3	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209005
3	N13255	Plectus sp. 3	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209004
3	N13045	Plectus sp. 3	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209003
3	N11765	Plectus sp. 3	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209001
3	N13543	Plectus sp. 3	Becker Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209000
3	N11764	Plectus sp. 3	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209002
3	N13030	Plectus sp. 3	Semani Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP208999
3	N12485	Plectus sp. 3	Eggerling Soybean Field	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP208998
3	N13239	Plectus sp. 3	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP208996 OP205456
3	P194018	Plectus sp. 3	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP208997
a	N11865	Plectus sp.	Arctic Preserve	Utqiaghk, AK	COI	OP209007
4	N13608	Plectus sp. 4	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209009
4	N13280	Plectus sp. 4	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209008 OP205457
5	KU759331.1	Plectus parietinus	GenBank		COI	KU759331.1
5	KU759327.1	Plectus parietinus	GenBank		COI	KU759327.1
5	KU759330.1	Plectus parietinus	GenBank		COI	KU759330.1
6	N13176	Plectus sp. 6	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209010 OP205453
6	N13287	Plectus sp. 6	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209011
6	N13425	Plectus sp. 6	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209012
6	N13614	Plectus sp. 6	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209013
a	N8809	Plectus sp.	Brendan C. Byrne State Forest	Burlington County, NJ	COI	OP209014
7	N1023	Plectus sp. 7	LeConte ATBI Site	Great Smoky Mountains Nat’l Park	COI	OP209016
7	N4342	Plectus sp. 7	Brushy Mountain ATBI Site	Great Smoky Mountains Nat’l Park	COI	OP209015
8	N8808	Plectus sp. 8	Brendan C. Byrne State Forest	Burlington County, NJ	COI	OP209017
8	N8817	Plectus sp. 8	Brendan C. Byrne State Forest	Burlington County, NJ	COI	OP209018
8	N8828	Plectus sp. 8	Brendan C. Byrne State Forest	Burlington County, NJ	COI	OP209019
9	N4244	Plectus sp. 9	Canyonlands South	Big Thicket National Preserve, TX	COI	OP209020
9	N9213	Plectus sp. 9	Maddron Bald	Great Smoky Mountains Nat’l Park	COI	OP209021
9	N9237	Plectus sp. 9	Maddron Bald	Great Smoky Mountains Nat’l Park	COI	OP209022
9	N8797	Plectus sp. 9	Brendan C. Byrne State Forest	Burlington County, NJ	COI	OP209023
10	N8706	Plectus sp. 10	Lesund	Møre og Romsdal, Norway	COI	OP209024
a	N9166	Plectus sp.	Brendan C. Byrne State Forest	Burlington County, NJ	COI	OP209025
11	P87048	Plectus sp. 11	Haughton Crater	Devon Island, Canada	COI	OP209026
11	P88010	Plectus sp. 11	Haughton Crater	Devon Island, Canada	COI	OP209027
a	P89090	Plectus sp.	Nine-Mile Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209028
a	P86098	Plectus sp.	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP209029
a	P89089	Plectus sp.	Nine-Mile Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209030
12	KU759349.1	Plectus parvus	GenBank		COI	KU759349.1
12	KU759350.1	Plectus parvus	GenBank		COI	KU759350.1
12	KU759348.1	Plectus parvus	GenBank		COI	KU759348.1
13	N11013	Plectus murrayi	Lake Hoare	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP209035
13	N11018	Plectus murrayi.	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP209036
13	N11028	Plectus murrayi	Lake Fryxell	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP209037
13	N11185	Plectus murrayi	Taylor Valley	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP209038
13	N11199	Plectus murrayi	Scott Base	Botany Bay, Antarctica	COI	OP209039
13	N11719	Plectus murrayi	Lake Miers Valley	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP209040
13	N9870	Plectus murrayi	Scott Base	Botany Bay, Antarctica	COI	OP209031
13	N9873	Plectus murrayi	Scott Base	Botany Bay, Antarctica	COI	OP209032
13	N9880	Plectus murrayi	Taylor Valley	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP209033
13	N9892	Plectus murrayi	Hjorth Hill	McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	COI	OP209034
a	N9135	Plectus sp.	Tipple Trail	Medicine Bow-Routt Nat’l Forest, WY	COI	OP209041
14	N8916	Plectus sp. 14	Snowy Range	Medicine Bow-Routt Nat’l Forest, WY	COI	OP209042
14	N8869	Plectus sp. 14	Happy Jack Trail	Medicine Bow-Routt Nat’l Forest, WY	COI	OP209043
14	N8874	Plectus sp. 14	Happy Jack Trail	Medicine Bow-Routt Nat’l Forest, WY	COI	OP209044
15	N12416	Plectus sp. 15	Island Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI	OP209045
15	N12419	Plectus sp. 15	Island Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI	OP209046
15	N12414	Plectus sp. 15	Island Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI	OP209047
15	N12402	Plectus sp. 15	Island Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI	OP209048
16	N12101	Plectus sp. 16	Border Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI	OP209049
16	N12128	Plectus sp. 16	Gimlet Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI	OP209050
16	N12228	Plectus sp. 16	Bean Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI	OP209051
a	N8576	Plectus sp.	El Yunque National Forest	Puerto Rico	COI	OP209052
a	N8582	Plectus sp.	El Yunque National Forest	Puerto Rico	COI	OP209053
a	N9089	Plectus sp.	Henning Conservation Area	Taney County, MO	COI	OP209054
a	P30012	Plectus sp.	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP209055
17	N13180	Plectus sp. 17	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209056 OP205467
17	N13460	Plectus sp. 17	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209057
a	N11872	Plectus sp.	Arctic Preserve	Utqiaghk, AK	COI	OP209058
a	N8374	Plectus sp.	Dombas/Hjelle Seter	Oppland, Norway	COI	OP209060
a	N9370	Plectus sp.	Happy Jack Trail	Medicine Bow-Routt Nat’l Forest, WY	COI	OP209059
a	N8689	Plectus sp.	Hjerkinn	Oppland, Norway	COI	OP209061
a	N9059	Plectus sp.	Łukęcin	West Pomerania, Poland	COI	OP209062
a	N11847	Plectus sp.	Arctic Preserve	Utqiaghk, AK	COI	OP209063
18	P89028	Plectus sp. 18	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP209066
18	P89030	Plectus sp. 18	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP209064
18	N13465	Plectus sp. 18	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209065
18	P117056	Plectus sp. 18	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP209067
19	N9339	Plectus sp. 19	Drury-Mincy Conserv. Area	Taney County, MO	COI	OP209068
19	N12733	Plectus sp. 19	Twin Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209069
19	P89081	Plectus sp. 19	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP209070
20	P90058	Plectus sp. 20	Nine-Mile Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209071
20	P90062	Plectus sp. 20	Nine-Mile Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209072
20	P90057	Plectus sp. 20	Nine-Mile Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209073
20	N13403	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209074
20	N13479	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209075
20	N13486	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209076
20	N13444	Plectus sp. 20	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209077
20	N13440	Plectus sp. 20	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209078
20	N13329	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209083 OP205458
20	N13344	Plectus sp. 20	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209084 OP205459
20	N13225	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209082 OP205455
20	N13203	Plectus sp. 20	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209081 OP205454
20	N13133	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209080
20	N13118	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209079 OP205452
20	N13369	Plectus sp. 20	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209085 OP205460
20	N13471	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209086
20	N13491	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209087
20	N13587	Plectus sp. 20	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209088
20	N13598	Plectus sp. 20	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209089
20	N13601	Plectus sp. 20	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209090
20	N13622	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209091
20	N13628	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209092
20	N13638	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209093
20	N13641	Plectus sp. 20	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209094
20	P86052	Plectus sp. 20	Nine-Mile Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209095
20	P89091	Plectus sp. 20	Nine-Mile Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209096
20	P90059	Plectus sp. 20	Nine-Mile Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209097
20	N12697	Plectus sp. 20	Honvlez Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209098
a	P89023	Plectus sp.	Haughton Crater	Devon Island, Canada	COI	OP209099
a	P87033	Plectus sp.	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP209100
a	N12491	Plectus sp.	Eggerling Soybean Field	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI	OP209101
a	N12114	Plectus sp.	Border Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI 18S	OP209102 OP205470
a	N13101	Plectus sp.	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	COI 18S	OP209103 OP205471
a	N12159	Plectus sp.	Kokjohn Lake	Nebraska Sandhills, Garden County, NE	COI	OP209104
a	N9790	Plectus sp.	Formerly cultivated land	Volcanoes Nat’l Park, Rwanda	COI	OP209105
a	P195005	Plectus sp.	Konza Prairie	Riley County, KS	COI	OP209106
	N13211	Plectus sp.	Pioneers Park Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	18S	OP205461
	N13250	Plectus sp.	Spring Creek Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	18S	OP205462
	N13370	Wilsonema sp.	Eggerling Prairie	Prairie Corridor, Lancaster County, NE	18S	OP205469
	P133013	Anaplectus sp.	La Selva Biological Station	Costa Rica	18S	OP205466
	P134037	Plectus sp.	La Selva Biological Station	Costa Rica	18S	OP205463
	P137018	Plectus aquatilis	La Selva Biological Station	Costa Rica	18S	OP205450
	P140029	Plectus aquatilis	La Selva Biological Station	Costa Rica	18S	OP205451
	P151063	Wilsonema sp.	La Selva Biological Station	Costa Rica	18S	OP205468
	P183015	Plectus sp.	Heredia Province	Costa Rica	18S	OP205464
	P183018	Plectus sp.	Heredia Province	Costa Rica	18S	OP205465

Plectus of the Prairie: A Case Study of Taxonomic Resolution from a Nematode Biodiversity Survey

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Within-a and between-group distances_

Prairie Corridor specimen measurements from images_

Measurements of non-Prairie Corridor Plectus specimens_

Specimen collection information_

Paradigm

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