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Enhancing essential oil production in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate and its relationship to spectral indices Cover

Enhancing essential oil production in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate and its relationship to spectral indices

Folia Horticulturae
Volume 36 (2024): Issue 4 (December 2024)
By: Jutiporn Thussagunpanit,  Nittaya Chookoh,  Wariya Donsri,  Teerapat Tepkaew,  Amonrat Mayong,  Patchareeya Boonkorkaew and  Tanee Sreewongchai  
Open Access
|Mar 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Growth of rosemary after treating with SA or MeJA: (A) stem height, (B) canopy width, and (C) number of branches · plant−1. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Growth of rosemary after treating with SA or MeJA: (A) stem height, (B) canopy width, and (C) number of branches · plant−1. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 2.

Photosynthetic pigments of rosemary after treating with SA or MeJA: (A) total chlorophyll (total chl), (B) chlorophyll a (chl a), (C) chlorophyll b (chl b), (D) chl a/chl b, and (E) carotenoid content. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Photosynthetic pigments of rosemary after treating with SA or MeJA: (A) total chlorophyll (total chl), (B) chlorophyll a (chl a), (C) chlorophyll b (chl b), (D) chl a/chl b, and (E) carotenoid content. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 3.

Different spectral indices of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA: (A) NDVI, (B) NDRE, (C) SRPI, (D) NPCI, (E) Ctr1, and (F) SIPI. According to Tukey’s HSD test, all data had non-significant differences at p < 0.05. Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. Ctr1, Carter index 1; HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; NDRE, normalised difference red edge index; NDVI, normalised difference vegetation index; NPCI, normalised pigment chlorophyll index; SA, salicylic acid; SIPI, structure-insensitive pigment index; SRPI, simple ratio pigment index.
Different spectral indices of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA: (A) NDVI, (B) NDRE, (C) SRPI, (D) NPCI, (E) Ctr1, and (F) SIPI. According to Tukey’s HSD test, all data had non-significant differences at p < 0.05. Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. Ctr1, Carter index 1; HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; NDRE, normalised difference red edge index; NDVI, normalised difference vegetation index; NPCI, normalised pigment chlorophyll index; SA, salicylic acid; SIPI, structure-insensitive pigment index; SRPI, simple ratio pigment index.

Figure 4.

Spectral indices related to reflectance between 400 nm and 500 nm of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA: (A) R400, (B) R425, (C) R450, (D) R475, and (E) R500. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Spectral indices related to reflectance between 400 nm and 500 nm of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA: (A) R400, (B) R425, (C) R450, (D) R475, and (E) R500. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 5.

Essential oil content of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Essential oil content of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 6.

Heatmap of Pearson’s correlation coefficients for growth, photosynthetic pigments, spectral indices, and essential oil content in rosemary treated with SA or MeJA. Red and blue colour gradients represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Heatmap of Pearson’s correlation coefficients for growth, photosynthetic pigments, spectral indices, and essential oil content in rosemary treated with SA or MeJA. Red and blue colour gradients represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 7.

The summary effects of 1 mM SA and 0.01 mM MeJA on growth and essential oil production in rosemary. The R425 and R450 indices showed a high correlation to rosemary essential oil. MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
The summary effects of 1 mM SA and 0.01 mM MeJA on growth and essential oil production in rosemary. The R425 and R450 indices showed a high correlation to rosemary essential oil. MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure S1.

Growth of rosemary before treating with SA or MeJA: (A) stem height, (B) canopy width, and (C) number of branches · plant−1. According to Tukey’s HSD test, all data had non-significant differences at p < 0.05. Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Growth of rosemary before treating with SA or MeJA: (A) stem height, (B) canopy width, and (C) number of branches · plant−1. According to Tukey’s HSD test, all data had non-significant differences at p < 0.05. Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Spectral indices used in this study_

AbbreviationSpectral indexFormulaRef.
NDVINormalised difference vegetable indexNDVI = (RNIR—RRed)/(RNIR + RRed)Rouse et al. (1974)
NDRENormalised difference red-edge indexNDRE = (R790—R720)/(R790 + R720)Barnes et al. (2000)
SRPISimple ratio pigment indexSRPI = R430/R680Peñuelas et al. (1995)
NPCINormalised pigment chlorophyll indexNPCI = (R680—R430)/(R680 + R430)Peñuelas et al. (1994)
Ctr1Carter index 1Ctr1 = R695/R420Carter (1994)
SIPIStructure-intensive pigment indexSIPI = (R790—R450)/(R790 + R650)Peñuelas et al. (1995)
R400–R400 = 1/R400—1/R600This study
R425–R425 = 1/R425—1/R600This study
R450–R450 = 1/R450—1/R600This study
R475–R475 = 1/R475—1/R600This study
R500–R500 = 1/R500—1/R600This study
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0038 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
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Language: English
Page range: 581 - 594
Submitted on: Nov 7, 2024
Accepted on: Jan 31, 2025
Published on: Mar 11, 2025
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
common rosemary,
jasmonate,
salicylate,
spectral index,
volatile oil
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science,
Zoology,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other

© 2025 Jutiporn Thussagunpanit, Nittaya Chookoh, Wariya Donsri, Teerapat Tepkaew, Amonrat Mayong, Patchareeya Boonkorkaew, Tanee Sreewongchai, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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