Development of dandelion (Taraxacum spp.) quality evaluation technology based on phenolic acids

Wu, Zhe; Yang, Yahua; Li, Zhaojia; Lu, Xuelin; Wang, Xiuping

doi:10.2478/fhort-2022-0015

Figures & Tables

Optimisation of HPLC determination conditions and fingerprint analysis. (A) HPLC spectrum using determination conditions from China Pharmacopoeia; (B) optimised HPLC conditions; (C) fingerprint analysis, of which S1–S15 represents randomly selected dandelion HPLC spectrums, R indicates the reference fingerprint generated by the comparison of 15 samples and the dot on the fingerprint map represents a compound found in dandelion. HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography.

Linear regressions of four compounds’ contents (%) in dandelion.

Distributions of four compounds contents (%) that cichoric acid (A), caffeic acid (B), chlorogenic acid (C) and caftaric acid (D).

Linear regression equations for four compounds in dandelion_

Compounds	Equations	R²	Valid scope (mg · mL⁻¹)
Caftaric acid	Y = 0.6342x + 1.0263	0.9965	10–70
Chlorogenic acid	Y = 0.4946x − 0.8089	0.9669	5–30
Chlorogenic acid	Y = 0.6148x + 0.9279	0.9997	30–105
Caffeic acid	Y = 0.4605x − 0.8895	0.9905	5–30
Caffeic acid	Y = 0.39x + 0.814	0.9994	30–105
Cichoric acid	Y = 0.4564x + 3.0071	0.9995	45–220
Cichoric acid	Y = 0.569x − 60.97	0.9502	240–512

Quality evaluation result for 578 dandelion samples_

Grade	Super high (Grade 1)	High (Grade 2)	Medium (Grade 3)	Qualified (Grade 4)	Low (Grade 5)
Quantity	2	54	32	45	191
Percentage (%)	0.62	16.67	9.88	13.89	58.95

Descriptive statistics of four components (%) in dandelion_

Compounds	Numbers	Min–Max	Mean	Mode	Median
Cichoric acid	470	0.0175–2.1732	0.3834	0.0714	0.0369
Caffeic acid	437	0.0010–0.0600	0.0155	0.0138	0.0025
Chlorogenic acid	437	0.0011–0.5337	0.0828	0.0294	0.0023
Caftaric acid	465	0.0234–0.6419	0.1705	0.0858	0.0576

Dandelion QI and grade division_

QI	Grade	Numbers	Total	Result	Probability (%)
20	1	1	5	Super high	0.8
25	1	4
30	2	10	117	High	18.72
35	2	20
40	2	35
45	2	52
50	3	68	233	Medium	37.28
55	3	80
60	3	85
65	4	80	200	Qualified	32
70	4	68
75	4	52
80	5	35	70	Low	11.2
85	5	20
90	5	10
95	5	4
100	5	1

Contents (%) level division for dandelion_

Index/level	1	2	3	4	5
Cichoric acid	≥0.750	≥0.650	≥0.500	≥0.300	<0.300
Caffeic acid	≥0.045	≥0.035	≥0.025	≥0.015	<0.015
Chlorogenic acid	≥0.250	≥0.150	≥0.085	≥0.030	<0.030
Caftaric acid	≥0.400	≥0.300	≥0.200	≥0.100	<0.100

Data of components contents (%) from relevant references_

Literature sources	Numbers	Statistics	Cichoric acid	Caffeic acid	Chlorogenic acid	Caftaric acid
Literature 1 (Hao, 2010)	25	Min	–	0.008	0.0050	–
		Max		0.0455	0.0470
		Mean		0.0189	0.0173
Literature 2 (Lang et al., 1999)	29	Min	–	0.0089	0.0363	–
		Max		0.0559	3.7819
		Mean		0.0248	0.5154
Literature 3 (Liu et al., 2017)	11	Min	0.104	0.013	0.015	0.103
		Max	0.599	0.051	0.072	0.441
		Mean	0.272	0.033	0.035	0.307
Literature 4 (Chen et al., 2018)	15	Min	0.266	0.022	0.030	0.180
		Max	0.909	0.060	0.072	0.359
		Mean	0.608	0.036	0.046	0.286
Literature 5 (Ning et al., 2012)	11	Min	–	0.0281	0.0338	–
		Max		0.0184	0.0802
		Mean		0.0281	0.0576

Compounds’ content (%) of 578 dandelion samples_

No.	Caftaric acid	Chlorogenic acid	Caffeic acid	Cichoric acid	Original site	State	QI
1	0.0323	0.0037	0.0012	0.0195	Tanghai 1	G-F	100
2	0.0409	0.0011	0.0011	0.0317	Tanghai 2	G-F	100
3	0.0409	0.0021	0.001	0.0314	Tanghai 3	G-F	100
4	0.0411	0.0013	0.001	0.0345	Tanghai 4	G-F	100
5	0.0414	0.0013	0.001	0.0321	Tanghai 5	G-F	100
6	0.0419	0.0013	0.0011	0.0338	Tanghai 6	G-F	100
7	0.0424	0.0017	0.0016	0.0274	Tanghai 7	G-F	100
8	0.0449	0.0015	0.0011	0.0376	Tanghai 8	G-F	100
9	0.0452	0.0017	0.0012	0.0469	Tanghai 9	G-F	100
10	0.0452	0.0027	0.002	0.0339	Tanghai 10	G-F	100
11	0.0457	0.0017	0.0027	0.0275	Tanghai 11	G-F	100
12	0.0457	0.0019	0.0011	0.0474	Tanghai 12	G-F	100
13	0.0465	0.0021	0.001	0.048	Luannan 1	G-F	100
14	0.047	0.0013	0.001	0.0418	Luannan 2	G-F	100
15	0.047	0.0013	0.0012	0.042	Luannan 3	G-F	100
16	0.047	0.0027	0.0016	0.0338	Luannan 4	G-F	100
17	0.0475	0.0025	0.002	0.0339	Luannan 5	G-F	100
18	0.0477	0.0013	0.0011	0.0699	Kaiping 1	G-F	100
19	0.0482	0.0015	0.0012	0.0704	Kaiping 2	G-F	100
20	0.0485	0.0015	0.0011	0.0706	Kaiping 3	G-F	100
21	0.0488	0.0023	0.0011	0.0296	Yixian 1	G-F	100
22	0.0488	0.0023	0.0012	0.0301	Yixian 2	G-F	100
23	0.0498	0.0011	0.0011	0.0369	Yixian 3	G-F	100
24	0.0546	0.0021	0.0012	0.0465	Yixian 4	G-F	100
25	0.0559	0.0037	0.002	0.0814	Yixian 5	G-F	100
26	0.0559	0.0049	0.0025	0.0443	Yixian 6	G-F	100
27	0.0564	0.0179	0.0051	0.1018	Shexian 1	G-F	100
28	0.0566	0.0023	0.001	0.0617	Shexian 2	G-F	100
29	0.0566	0.0051	0.0027	0.0447	Shexian 3	G-F	100
30	0.0569	0.011	0.0065	0.0369	Shexian 4	G-F	100
31	0.0569	0.0023	0.0014	0.0613	Shexian 5	G-F	100
32	0.0574	0.0033	0.0022	0.0821	Shexian 6	G-F	100
33	0.0574	0.0039	0.0011	0.0619	Handan 1	G-F	100
34	0.0576	0.0055	0.0044	0.0316	Handan 2	G-F	100
35	0.0576	0.0055	0.0054	0.0356	Handan 3	G-F	100
36	0.0576	0.0035	0.0011	0.0787	Handan 4	G-F	100
37	0.0581	0.0051	0.0025	0.0453	Zhangjiakou 1	G-F	100
38	0.0589	0.0047	0.0044	0.0403	Zhangjiakou 2	G-F	100
39	0.0592	0.0118	0.0065	0.0369	Zhangjiakou 3	G-F	100
40	0.0594	0.0043	0.0031	0.0575	Zhangjiakou 4	G-F	100
41	0.0594	0.0082	0.0071	0.0356	Zhangjiakou 5	G-F	100
42	0.0594	0.0116	0.0068	0.0356	Zhangjiakou 6	G-F	100
43	0.0597	0.0189	0.0057	0.1092	Hengshui 1	G-F	100
44	0.0597	0.0191	0.0058	0.1099	Hengshui 2	G-F	100
45	0.0599	0.0043	0.0027	0.0568	Hengshui 3	G-F	100
46	0.0602	0.0043	0.0029	0.0551	Hengshui 4	G-F	100
47	0.0607	0.0015	0.0011	0.0454	Hengshui 5	G-F	100
48	0.0612	0.0092	0.0071	0.0336	Xingtai 1	G-F	100
49	0.0622	0.0063	0.0045	0.0407	Xingtai 2	G-F	100
50	0.0627	0.0011	0.0025	0.0471	Cangzhou 1	G-F	100
51	0.0637	0.0132	0.0071	0.0763	Cangzhou 2	G-F	100
52	0.064	0.0094	0.0056	0.0341	Cangzhou 3	G-F	100
53	0.065	0.0021	0.0014	0.0394	Chongli 1	G-F	100
54	0.065	0.0033	0.0031	0.0562	Chongli 2	G-F	100
55	0.0655	0.0134	0.0068	0.0787	Chongli 3	G-F	100
56	0.0655	0.0061	0.0053	0.048	Baoding 1	G-F	100
57	0.0657	0.0094	0.0066	0.0422	Baoding 2	G-F	100
58	0.0663	0.0071	0.0077	0.0467	Baoding 3	G-F	100
59	0.0665	0.0011	0.0012	0.0347	Baoding 4	G-F	100
60	0.067	0.0078	0.0053	0.0323	Baoding 5	G-F	100
61	0.0675	0.0098	0.006	0.1018	Chengde 1	G-F	100
62	0.0688	0.0037	0.0012	0.0695	Chengde 2	G-F	100
63	0.0688	0.0039	0.0033	0.0595	Chengde 3	G-F	100
64	0.069	0.0146	0.0066	0.084	Zunhua 1	G-F	100
65	0.0693	0.0041	0.0051	0.0487	Zunhua 2	G-F	100
66	0.0698	0.0039	0.0033	0.0589	Zunhua 3	G-F	100
67	0.0703	0.0043	0.0014	0.0717	Renqiu 1	G-F	100
68	0.0708	0.0017	0.001	0.037	Renqiu 2	G-F	100
69	0.0729	0.0047	0.0022	0.0734	Renqiu 3	G-F	100
70	0.0734	0.0021	0.0011	0.0913	Shenyang 1	G-F	100
71	0.0734	0.0104	0.0065	0.0558	Shenyang 2	G-F	100
72	0.0736	0.0013	0.0011	0.0905	Shenyang 3	G-F	100
73	0.0749	0.0023	0.0025	0.0657	Dalian 1	G-F	100
74	0.0749	0.0027	0.0025	0.0657	Dalian 2	G-F	100
75	0.0751	0.0146	0.0025	0.1117	Dalian 3	G-F	100
76	0.0751	0.0128	0.0066	0.056	Shandong 1	G-F	100
77	0.0754	0.0023	0.002	0.0542	Shandong 2	G-F	100
78	0.0754	0.0031	0.0016	0.0684	Shandong 3	G-F	100
79	0.0754	0.0276	0.0072	0.0869	Nemenggu 1	G-F	100
80	0.0764	0.0136	0.0069	0.0832	Nemenggu 2	G-F	100
81	0.0769	0.0124	0.006	0.0454	Nemenggu 3	G-F	100
82	0.0774	0.0015	0.0029	0.0449	Dandon 1	G-F	100
83	0.0774	0.0148	0.0038	0.1148	Dandon 2	G-F	100
84	0.0777	0.0031	0.001	0.0951	Dandon 3	G-F	100
85	0.0777	0.0121	0.0062	0.0712	Zhengzou 1	G-F	100
86	0.0777	0.0132	0.0025	0.115	Zhengzou 2	G-F	100
87	0.0787	0.0084	0.0059	0.0487	Zhengzou 3	G-F	100
88	0.0789	0.0013	0.0027	0.0418	Heilongjiang 1	G-F	100
89	0.0789	0.0169	0.0057	0.0876	Heilongjiang 2	G-F	100
90	0.08	0.0015	0.0018	0.0438	Heilongjiang 3	G-F	100
91	0.08	0.0027	0.0025	0.0571	Xinjiang 1	G-F	100
92	0.0807	0.0023	0.0033	0.0369	Xinjiang 2	G-F	100
93	0.0807	0.0114	0.0084	0.0495	Xinjiang 3	G-F	100
94	0.0815	0.0023	0.0033	0.0372	Xian 1	G-F	100
95	0.082	0.0116	0.006	0.073	Xian 2	G-F	100
96	0.082	0.0146	0.0081	0.0719	Xian 3	G-F	100
97	0.0822	0.014	0.0075	0.0721	Tanghai 1	G-F	100
98	0.0825	0.0122	0.0063	0.0734	Tanghai 2	G-F	100
99	0.083	0.0031	0.0025	0.0584	Tanghai 3	G-F	100
100	0.083	0.0118	0.0084	0.0502	Luannan 1	G-F	100
101	0.0838	0.0023	0.0027	0.0381	Luannan 2	G-F	100
102	0.084	0.0015	0.0014	0.0367	Kaiping 1	G-F	100
103	0.084	0.0116	0.0065	0.1059	Kaiping 2	G-F	100
104	0.0843	0.0011	0.002	0.0816	Yixian 1	G-F	100
105	0.0843	0.0144	0.0069	0.0841	Yixian 2	G-F	100
106	0.0845	0.0124	0.0065	0.0814	Shexian 1	G-F	100
107	0.0848	0.0112	0.0065	0.0867	Shexian 2	G-F	100
108	0.0858	0.0078	0.0018	0.0794	Handan 1	G-F	100
109	0.0858	0.01	0.0063	0.0849	Handan 2	G-F	100
110	0.0863	0.0013	0.0025	0.0832	Tanghai 1	G-A	100
111	0.0863	0.0094	0.0054	0.0352	Tanghai 2	G-A	100
112	0.0866	0.009	0.0053	0.0582	Tanghai 3	G-A	100
113	0.0866	0.0124	0.0065	0.1121	Luannan 1	G-A	100
114	0.0871	0.0124	0.0071	0.0595	Luannan 2	G-A	100
115	0.0873	0.0017	0.0016	0.0374	Kaiping 1	G-A	100
116	0.0876	0.0074	0.002	0.0816	Kaiping 2	G-A	100
117	0.0878	0.0122	0.0068	0.0819	Yixian 1	G-A	100
118	0.0881	0.014	0.0072	0.0359	Yixian 2	G-A	100
119	0.0883	0.0134	0.0075	0.1066	Shexian 1	G-A	100
120	0.0886	0.0019	0.002	0.0376	Shexian 2	G-A	100
121	0.0893	0.0063	0.002	0.0874	Handan 1	G-A	100
122	0.0893	0.0138	0.0069	0.0823	Handan 2	G-A	100
123	0.0896	0.0015	0.001	0.0485	Zhangjiakou 1	G-A	100
124	0.0896	0.0027	0.0016	0.1108	Zhangjiakou 2	G-A	100
125	0.0901	0.0027	0.0016	0.1097	Hengshui 1	G-A	100
126	0.0906	0.0029	0.0018	0.1112	Hengshui 2	G-A	100
127	0.0921	0.0011	0.0023	0.0453	Xingtai 1	G-A	100
128	0.0921	0.0013	0.0022	0.0458	Xingtai 2	G-A	100
129	0.0942	0.0118	0.0069	0.0456	Cangzhou 1	G-A	100
130	0.0962	0.0132	0.0063	0.0995	Cangzhou 2	G-A	100
131	0.0967	0.0136	0.0069	0.094	Chongli 1	G-A	100
132	0.0967	0.0043	0.0029	0.1	Chongli 2	G-A	100
133	0.0982	0.0047	0.0034	0.1033	Baoding 1	G-A	100
134	0.0995	0.0152	0.0068	0.0832	Baoding 2	G-A	100
135	0.0997	0.0045	0.0016	0.0903	Chengde 1	G-A	100
136	0.0997	0.0126	0.0069	0.0564	Chengde 2	G-A	100
137	0.101	0.0049	0.0033	0.1055	Zunhua 1	G-A	95
138	0.103	0.021	0.051	0.203	Zunhua 2	G-A	75
139	0.103	0.0043	0.0016	0.0902	Zunhua 3	G-A	95
140	0.1033	0.0023	0.0012	0.0549	Renqiu 1	G-A	95
141	0.1058	0.0019	0.002	0.0522	Renqiu 2	G-A	95
142	0.1066	0.0015	0.0025	0.0524	Shenyang 1	G-A	95
143	0.1068	0.0011	0.0011	0.0338	Shenyang 2	G-A	95
144	0.1068	0.0013	0.0012	0.0336	Dalian 2	G-A	95
145	0.1071	0.0011	0.0011	0.0336	Shandong 1	G-A	95
146	0.1074	0.0023	0.002	0.0529	Shandong 2	G-A	95
147	0.1086	0.0076	0.0029	0.1546	Nemenggu 1	G-A	95
148	0.1089	0.0086	0.0027	0.1559	Nemenggu 2	G-A	95
149	0.1104	0.0084	0.0027	0.1566	Dandon 1	G-A	95
150	0.1155	0.0063	0.0047	0.0794	Dandon 2	G-A	95
151	0.1162	0.0171	0.0071	0.153	Zhengzou 1	G-A	95
152	0.125	0.015	0.024	0.149	Zhengzou 2	G-A	90
153	0.1259	0.0047	0.0022	0.0715	Heilongjiang 1	G-A	95
154	0.1259	0.0154	0.0066	0.14	Heilongjiang 2	G-A	95
155	0.1271	0.0045	0.0023	0.0719	Xinjiang 1	G-A	95
156	0.1276	0.0179	0.0068	0.142	Xinjiang 2	G-A	95
157	0.1284	0.0164	0.0069	0.1575	Xian 1	G-A	95
158	0.1292	0.0047	0.0023	0.0701	Xian 2	G-A	95
159	0.1297	0.0213	0.0093	0.1517	Tanghai 1	N-F	95
160	0.1304	0.0421	0.0109	0.2638	Tanghai 2	N-F	90
161	0.1315	0.0229	0.0087	0.2645	Tanghai 3	N-F	95
162	0.1327	0.0027	0.0018	0.0774	Luannan 1	N-F	95
163	0.133	0.0021	0.0014	0.0768	Luannan 2	N-F	95
164	0.1334	0.0416	0.0047	0.44	Kaiping 1	N-F	85
165	0.1358	0.0029	0.0016	0.0785	Kaiping 2	N-F	95
166	0.1378	0.0213	0.0107	0.1475	Yixian 1	N-F	95
167	0.1393	0.0361	0.0087	0.2846	Yixian 2	N-F	90
168	0.152	0.0031	0.0057	0.0995	Shexian 1	N-F	95
169	0.1532	0.0369	0.0055	0.5023	Shexian 2	N-F	80
170	0.1533	0.0027	0.0045	0.0969	Handan 1	N-F	95
171	0.1538	0.0027	0.0045	0.098	Handan 2	N-F	95
172	0.1548	0.0162	0.0107	0.1455	Zhangjiakou 1	N-F	95
173	0.155	0.0173	0.0081	0.1502	Zhangjiakou 2	N-F	95
174	0.1573	0.0144	0.0068	0.1517	Hengshui 1	N-F	95
175	0.1649	0.0047	0.0047	0.0792	Hengshui 2	N-F	95
176	0.1672	0.0039	0.0047	0.0796	Xingtai 1	N-F	95
177	0.1691	0.0414	0.018	0.5406	Xingtai 2	N-F	75
178	0.1761	0.0088	0.0036	0.1272	Cangzhou 1	N-F	95
179	0.1779	0.0059	0.0034	0.1285	Cangzhou 2	N-F	95
180	0.18	0.039	0.022	0.496	Chongli 1	N-F	80
181	0.1807	0.0092	0.0038	0.1305	Chongli 2	N-F	95
182	0.1845	0.0059	0.004	0.1389	Baoding 1	N-F	95
183	0.1845	0.0272	0.0106	0.2417	Baoding 2	N-F	95
184	0.1852	0.0047	0.004	0.1398	Chengde 1	N-F	95
185	0.1857	0.0249	0.0119	0.2422	Chengde 2	N-F	95
186	0.187	0.0051	0.0044	0.1447	Zunhua 1	N-F	95
187	0.1898	0.0344	0.0033	0.5368	Zunhua 2	N-F	80
188	0.1969	0.0286	0.0116	0.2461	Zunhua 3	N-F	95
189	0.2012	0.0577	0.0076	0.5777	Renqiu 1	N-F	75
190	0.208	0.016	0.034	0.104	Renqiu 2	N-F	80
191	0.2109	0.0524	0.009	0.6053	Shenyang 1	N-F	75
192	0.2188	0.0366	0.0032	0.4757	Shenyang 2	N-F	80
193	0.222	0.03	0.033	0.383	Dalian 2	N-F	70
194	0.2225	0.0493	0.0058	0.6703	Shandong 1	N-F	70
195	0.23	0.036	0.042	0.497	Shandong 2	N-F	65
196	0.23	0.0335	0.0011	0.5053	Nemenggu 1	N-F	75
197	0.2314	0.034	0.0016	0.4756	Nemenggu 2	N-F	80
198	0.2316	0.0359	0.0069	0.5158	Dandon 1	N-F	75
199	0.2349	0.0552	0.0111	0.6842	Dandon 2	N-F	70
200	0.2383	0.0803	0.008	0.5941	Zhengzou 1	N-F	75
201	0.2432	0.0615	0.0095	0.6524	Zhengzou 2	N-F	70
202	0.244	0.045	0.025	0.596	Heilongjiang 1	N-F	65
203	0.2452	0.0725	0.0136	0.7869	Heilongjiang 2	N-F	65
204	0.2499	0.0397	0.0049	0.5899	Xinjiang 1	N-F	75
205	0.252	0.021	0.044	0.231	Xinjiang 2	N-F	75
206	0.2602	0.0372	0.0015	0.5937	Xian 1	N-F	75
207	0.2636	0.0686	0.0139	0.6526	Xian 2	N-F	70
208	0.264	0.037	0.044	0.449	Tanghai 1	N-A	65
209	0.2663	0.0419	0.0063	0.5641	Tanghai 2	N-A	75
210	0.2673	0.0425	0.0075	0.614	Tanghai 3	N-A	75
211	0.2674	0.0682	0.013	0.6524	Luannan 1	N-A	70
212	0.2705	0.0384	0.0018	0.6103	Luannan 2	N-A	75
213	0.2739	0.0477	0.0043	0.5881	Kaiping 1	N-A	75
214	0.2772	0.0359	0.0024	0.5438	Kaiping 2	N-A	75
215	0.2804	0.0715	0.0142	0.691	Yixian 1	N-A	70
216	0.283	0.039	0.035	0.587	Yixian 2	N-A	60
217	0.2834	0.0476	0.0052	0.5976	Shexian 1	N-A	75
218	0.2837	0.0476	0.0078	0.6254	Shexian 2	N-A	75
219	0.284	0.053	0.031	0.66	Handan 1	N-A	60
220	0.2874	0.0446	0.007	0.6179	Handan 2	N-A	75
221	0.2876	0.0465	0.008	0.6386	Zhangjiakou 1	N-A	75
222	0.2904	0.0473	0.0086	0.6414	Zhangjiakou 2	N-A	75
223	0.2924	0.0479	0.0034	0.6896	Hengshui 1	N-A	70
224	0.297	0.053	0.036	0.65	Hengshui 2	N-A	55
225	0.304	0.034	0.033	0.655	Xingtai 1	N-A	55
226	0.306	0.05	0.038	0.717	Xingtai 2	N-A	50
227	0.3062	0.0497	0.004	0.6348	Cangzhou 1	N-A	70
228	0.3092	0.0236	0.0234	0.2842	Cangzhou 2	N-A	80
229	0.31	0.0448	0.0134	0.8845	Chongli 1	N-A	60
230	0.3106	0.0395	0.0127	0.7987	Chongli 2	N-A	60
231	0.316	0.032	0.06	0.266	Baoding 1	N-A	60
232	0.321	0.06	0.032	0.768	Baoding 2	N-A	50
233	0.3215	0.0714	0.0069	1.0737	Chengde 1	N-A	60
234	0.3293	0.083	0.0101	1.0919	Chengde 2	N-A	60
235	0.3317	0.0276	0.0248	0.3212	Zunhua 1	N-A	75
236	0.334	0.072	0.013	0.599	Zunhua 2	N-A	70
237	0.3349	0.0225	0.0208	0.2808	Zunhua 3	N-A	80
238	0.339	0.072	0.037	0.899	Renqiu 1	N-A	45
239	0.344	0.067	0.025	0.909	Renqiu 2	N-A	50
240	0.3456	0.0464	0.0136	0.7979	Shenyang 1	N-A	60
241	0.347	0.051	0.02	0.348	Shenyang 2	N-A	70
242	0.3529	0.0882	0.0142	1.1522	Dalian 2	N-A	55
243	0.359	0.05	0.041	0.592	Shandong 1	N-A	55
244	0.364	0.039	0.032	0.273	Shandong 2	N-A	70
245	0.3793	0.1119	0.0163	1.2967	Nemenggu 1	N-A	50
246	0.381	0.059	0.02	0.346	Nemenggu 2	N-A	70
247	0.3831	0.2189	0.0178	1.8585	Dandon 1	N-A	45
248	0.3884	0.2614	0.0189	2.0501	Dandon 2	N-A	40
249	0.3906	0.0308	0.0327	0.3756	Zhengzou 1	N-A	65
250	0.3915	0.2214	0.0173	1.8708	Zhengzou 2	N-A	45
251	0.3975	0.0277	0.0302	0.3223	Heilongjiang 1	N-A	70
252	0.403	0.037	0.033	0.258	Heilongjiang 2	N-A	65
253	0.4168	0.1977	0.0201	2.0018	Xinjiang 1	N-A	40
254	0.4196	0.2228	0.0199	1.9534	Xinjiang 2	N-A	40
255	0.42	0.027	0.0326	0.3397	Xian 1	N-A	65
256	0.423	0.025	0.043	0.245	Xian 2	N-A	65
257	0.4239	0.1498	0.016	1.8405	Xian 1	S-A	45
258	0.4247	0.027	0.0295	0.3135	Xian 2	S-A	65
259	0.43	0.2457	0.0205	2.0467	Xinjiang 1	S-A	40
260	0.4303	0.1247	0.0186	1.4579	Xinjiang 2	S-A	45
261	0.4303	0.2373	0.0189	2.0335	Heilongjiang 1	S-A	40
262	0.4308	0.154	0.0169	1.8664	Heilongjiang 2	S-A	40
263	0.4343	0.2002	0.0205	2.0508	Zhengzou 1	S-A	40
264	0.4376	0.0324	0.037	0.3885	Zhengzou 2	S-A	55
265	0.441	0.032	0.049	0.235	Dandon 1	S-A	55
266	0.4422	0.035	0.0334	0.4394	Dandon 2	S-A	60
267	0.4425	0.0299	0.0355	0.3689	Nemenggu 1	S-A	60
268	0.4435	0.2696	0.0222	1.9106	Nemenggu 2	S-A	35
269	0.4437	0.2243	0.019	1.9031	Shandong 1	S-A	40
270	0.4445	0.2715	0.0202	1.9174	Shandong 2	S-A	35
271	0.448	0.1441	0.0219	1.6236	Dalian 2	S-A	45
272	0.4486	0.2285	0.019	2.1732	Shenyang 1	S-A	40
273	0.4496	0.1914	0.0187	1.6429	Shenyang 2	S-A	40
274	0.4498	0.1827	0.0204	1.4069	Renqiu 1	S-A	40
275	0.4506	0.1702	0.0186	1.5942	Renqiu 2	S-A	40
276	0.4506	0.1781	0.0179	1.6643	Zunhua 1	S-A	40
277	0.4513	0.1459	0.0196	1.6809	Zunhua 2	S-A	45
278	0.4513	0.1928	0.0184	1.6488	Zunhua 3	S-A	40
279	0.4526	0.2361	0.0192	2.046	Chengde 1	S-A	40
280	0.4536	0.1466	0.0201	1.6891	Chengde 2	S-A	45
281	0.4559	0.1744	0.0167	1.6247	Baoding 1	S-A	40
282	0.4574	0.1621	0.0205	1.7663	Baoding 2	S-A	40
283	0.4597	0.0293	0.0338	0.3585	Chongli 1	S-A	65
284	0.4605	0.1628	0.0193	1.757	Chongli 2	S-A	40
285	0.4607	0.1864	0.0172	1.4338	Cangzhou 1	S-A	40
286	0.464	0.242	0.0207	2.0899	Cangzhou 2	S-A	40
287	0.4645	0.2806	0.0232	1.9145	Xingtai 1	S-A	35
288	0.4681	0.1739	0.0148	1.7294	Xingtai 2	S-A	45
289	0.4704	0.0346	0.0369	0.4201	Hengshui 1	S-A	55
290	0.4721	0.0787	0.0148	1.4385	Hengshui 2	S-A	55
291	0.4734	0.0333	0.0367	0.3911	Zhangjiakou 1	S-A	55
292	0.475	0.0346	0.037	0.4142	Zhangjiakou 2	S-A	55
293	0.476	0.0343	0.0372	0.4124	Handan 1	S-A	55
294	0.4764	0.0343	0.038	0.4128	Handan 2	S-A	55
295	0.4765	0.0801	0.0155	1.442	Shexian 1	S-A	50
296	0.4927	0.1717	0.022	2.115	Shexian 2	S-A	40
297	0.4947	0.1687	0.0201	1.8958	Yixian 1	S-A	40
298	0.4955	0.082	0.0155	1.4945	Yixian 2	S-A	50
299	0.5011	0.1739	0.022	2.1518	Kaiping 1	S-A	40
300	0.5059	0.1596	0.0222	1.7722	Kaiping 2	S-A	40
301	0.5077	0.3738	0.0275	1.9905	Luannan 1	S-A	25
302	0.5099	0.1891	0.0214	2.0187	Luannan 2	S-A	40
303	0.5122	0.2081	0.0208	1.7135	Tanghai 1	S-A	40
304	0.5188	0.2533	0.0329	2.0622	Tanghai 2	S-A	25
305	0.5191	0.18	0.0213	2.1065	Tanghai 3	S-A	40
306	0.5206	0.1877	0.0204	1.9682	Tanghai 1	S-F	40
307	0.5211	0.1891	0.0195	1.9882	Tanghai 2	S-F	40
308	0.5219	0.1985	0.0202	2.0446	Luannan 1	S-F	40
309	0.5239	0.1643	0.0226	1.8355	Luannan 2	S-F	40
310	0.5257	0.195	0.0225	2.1218	Kaiping 1	S-F	40
311	0.5264	0.213	0.0186	2.0833	Yixian 1	S-F	40
312	0.5267	0.195	0.0228	2.1207	Shexian 2	S-F	40
313	0.5319	0.0295	0.0442	0.4174	Handan 1	S-F	60
314	0.5323	0.1422	0.0217	2.077	Zhangjiakou 3	S-F	45
315	0.5363	0.1434	0.0223	2.1104	Hengshui 2	S-F	45
316	0.5363	0.1808	0.0184	1.9834	Xingtai 1	S-F	40
317	0.5417	0.2504	0.0211	2.043	Cangzhou 2	S-F	35
318	0.5455	0.2523	0.0223	2.0551	Chongli 3	S-F	35
319	0.5701	0.1759	0.021	1.8323	Baoding 3	S-F	40
320	0.5784	0.1827	0.0193	1.9443	Chengde 1	S-F	40
321	0.5916	0.1889	0.0207	2.0078	Shenyang 1	S-F	40
322	0.6238	0.0087	0.0081	1.7417	Dalian 2	S-F	60
323	0.6391	0.0127	0.0121	1.7941	Shandong 3	S-F	60
324	0.6419	0.0047	0.0041	1.7727	Dandon 1	S-F	60
325		0.01	0.026	0.179	Tanghan 1	N-A
326		0.017	0.026	0.194	Luannan 1	N-A
327		0.019	0.058	0.285	Baoding 1	N-A
328		0.059	0.028	0.868	Zhangjiakou 3	N-A
329		0.062	0.043	1.068	Tanghai 3	N-A
330	0.0234			0.0182	Tanghai 1	G-F
331	0.0236			0.0184	Tanghai 2	G-F
332	0.0351			0.0328	Tanghai 3	G-F
333	0.0353			0.0217	Tanghai 4	G-F
334	0.0353			0.0328	Tanghai 5	G-F
335	0.0358			0.0255	Tanghai 6	G-F
336	0.0363			0.0175	Tanghai 7	G-F
337	0.0366			0.0259	Tanghai 8	G-F
338	0.0366			0.0348	Tanghai 9	G-F
339	0.0373			0.0186	Tanghai 10	G-F
340	0.0373			0.0268	Tanghai 11	G-F
341	0.0381			0.0212	Tanghai 12	G-F
342	0.0386			0.031	Luannan 1	G-F
343	0.0389			0.0325	Luannan 2	G-F
344	0.0394			0.0288	Luannan 3	G-F
345	0.0396			0.0243	Luannan 4	G-F
346	0.0396			0.0312	Luannan 5	G-F
347	0.0401			0.0277	Kaiping 1	G-F
348	0.0404			0.0208	Kaiping 2	G-F
349	0.0406			0.0285	Yixian 1	G-F
350	0.0406			0.0288	Yixian 2	G-F
351	0.0411			0.0215	Yixian 3	G-F
352	0.0414			0.0279	Shexian 1	G-F
353	0.0414			0.0285	Shexian 3	G-F
354	0.0439			0.0259	Shexian 4	G-F
355	0.0452			0.0367	Handan 1	G-F
356	0.0457			0.0372	Handan 2	G-F
357	0.0462			0.0378	Handan 3	G-F
358	0.0467			0.0193	Handan 4	G-F
359	0.0472			0.0193	Zhangjiakou 1	G-F
360	0.0475			0.0195	Zhangjiakou 2	G-F
361	0.0475			0.0338	Zhangjiakou 3	G-F
362	0.048			0.0219	Zhangjiakou 4	G-F
363	0.048			0.0297	Zhangjiakou 5	G-F
364	0.0485			0.0246	Zhangjiakou 6	G-F
365	0.0488			0.0343	Hengshui 1	G-F
366	0.049			0.0259	Hengshui 2	G-F
367	0.049			0.0268	Hengshui 3	G-F
368	0.049			0.0332	Hengshui 4	G-F
369	0.0493			0.0259	Hengshui 5	G-F
370	0.0498			0.0281	Baoding 1	G-F
371	0.0498			0.0369	Baoding 2	G-F
372	0.05			0.0272	Baoding 3	G-F
373	0.0503			0.0281	Baoding 4	G-F
374	0.051			0.0266	Baoding 5	G-F
375	0.051			0.0268	Xingtai 1	G-F
376	0.051			0.0272	Xingtai 2	G-F
377	0.0518			0.0301	Xingtai 3	G-F
378	0.0521			0.0279	Cangzhou 1	G-F
379	0.0526			0.0277	Cangzhou 2	G-F
380	0.0528			0.0478	Cangzhou 3	G-F
381	0.0536			0.0317	Chongli 1	G-F
382	0.0536			0.0436	Chongli 2	G-F
383	0.0538			0.0275	Chongli 3	G-F
384	0.0538			0.0316	Chengde 1	G-F
385	0.0538			0.0369	Chengde 2	G-F
386	0.0538			0.0453	Chengde 3	G-F
387	0.0541			0.0369	Zunhua 1	G-F
388	0.0548			0.027	Zunhua 2	G-F
389	0.0551			0.0257	Zunhua 3	G-F
390	0.0556			0.0244	Renqiu 1	G-F
391	0.0556			0.031	Renqiu 2	G-F
392	0.0556			0.0312	Renqiu 3	G-F
393	0.0556			0.0323	Shenyang 1	G-F
394	0.0559			0.0339	Shenyang 2	G-F
395	0.0559			0.0367	Shenyang 3	G-F
396	0.0559			0.0392	Dalian 1	G-F
397	0.0561			0.039	Dalian 3	G-F
398	0.0564			0.0332	Shandong 1	G-F
399	0.0564			0.0394	Tanghai 1	N-F
400	0.0569			0.0361	Tanghai 2	N-F
401	0.0569			0.039	Tanghai 3	N-F
402	0.0571			0.0274	Tanghai 4	N-F
403	0.0576			0.0275	Tanghai 5	N-F
404	0.0576			0.0469	Tanghai 6	N-F
405	0.0581			0.0274	Tanghai 7	N-F
406	0.0581			0.0345	Tanghai 8	N-F
407	0.0586			0.0263	Tanghai 9	N-F
408	0.0586			0.0314	Tanghai 10	N-F
409	0.0594			0.027	Tanghai 11	N-F
410	0.0599			0.0385	Tanghai 12	N-F
411	0.0602			0.0299	Luannan 1	N-F
412	0.0612			0.0338	Luannan 2	N-F
413	0.0612			0.0339	Luannan 3	N-F
414	0.0614			0.0425	Luannan 4	N-F
415	0.0622			0.0325	Luannan 5	N-F
416	0.0622			0.0327	Kaiping 1	N-F
417	0.0627			0.054	Kaiping 2	N-F
418	0.0632			0.0334	Yixian 1	N-F
419	0.0632			0.0451	Yixian 2	N-F
420	0.0632			0.0544	Yixian 3	N-F
421	0.0637			0.0348	Shexian 1	N-F
422	0.064			0.0551	Shexian 3	N-F
423	0.0645			0.0427	Shexian 4	N-F
424	0.0652			0.0301	Handan 1	N-F
425	0.0652			0.0303	Handan 2	N-F
426	0.0655			0.0467	Handan 3	N-F
427	0.0657			0.031	Handan 4	N-F
428	0.0657			0.0396	Zhangjiakou 1	N-F
429	0.066			0.0401	Zhangjiakou 2	N-F
430	0.066			0.0453	Zhangjiakou 3	N-F
431	0.067			0.031	Zhangjiakou 4	N-F
432	0.0673			0.0644	Zhangjiakou 5	N-F
433	0.0675			0.0332	Zhangjiakou 6	N-F
434	0.068			0.0325	Hengshui 1	N-F
435	0.068			0.0533	Hengshui 2	N-F
436	0.0706			0.037	Hengshui 3	N-F
437	0.0708			0.0361	Hengshui 4	N-F
438	0.0721			0.0365	Hengshui 5	N-F
439	0.0726			0.0365	Baoding 1	N-F
440	0.0729			0.0358	Baoding 2	N-F
441	0.0729			0.0491	Baoding 3	N-F
442	0.0744			0.0363	Baoding 4	N-F
443	0.0751			0.035	Baoding 5	N-F
444	0.0754			0.0498	Xingtai 1	N-F
445	0.0756			0.0516	Xingtai 2	N-F
446	0.0759			0.0646	Xingtai 3	N-F
447	0.0762			0.0639	Cangzhou 1	N-F
448	0.0764			0.0531	Cangzhou 2	N-F
449	0.0767			0.0317	Cangzhou 3	N-F
450	0.0772			0.0321	Chongli 1	N-F
451	0.0782			0.0317	Chongli 2	N-F
452	0.0805			0.0489	Chongli 3	N-F
453	0.0825			0.0456	Chengde 1	N-F
454	0.0833			0.0462	Chengde 2	N-F
455	0.0863			0.0823	Chengde 3	N-F
456	0.0893			0.0434	Zunhua 1	N-F
457	0.0904			0.0736	Zunhua 2	N-F
458	0.0924			0.0458	Zunhua 3	N-F
459	0.0926			0.0451	Renqiu 1	N-F
460	0.0926			0.0465	Renqiu 2	N-F
461	0.0931			0.0487	Renqiu 3	N-F
462	0.0934			0.0474	Shenyang 1	N-F
463	0.0937			0.0462	Shenyang 2	N-F
464	0.0939			0.0467	Shenyang 3	N-F
465	0.1226			0.0593	Dalian 1	N-F
466	0.1231			0.0595	Dalian 2	N-F
467	0.1251			0.0608	Dalian 3	N-F
468	0.1279			0.0387	Shandong 1	N-F
469	0.1297			0.0394	Shandong 2	N-F
470	0.1325			0.0398	Shandong 3	N-F
471		0.2292	0.0208		Tanghai 1	S-A
472		0.2302	0.0213		Tanghai 2	S-A
473		0.2309	0.0386		Tanghai 3	S-A
474		0.2334	0.0217		Tanghai 4	S-A
475		0.2339	0.0229		Tanghai 5	S-A
476		0.2218	0.0238		Tanghai 6	S-A
477		0.2226	0.0247		Tanghai 7	S-A
478		0.2206	0.0269		Tanghai 8	S-A
479		0.2206	0.0261		Luannan 1	S-A
480		0.212	0.0181		Luannan 2	S-A
481		0.2128	0.0214		Luannan 3	S-A
482		0.2408	0.0303		Luannan 4	S-A
483		0.2499	0.0201		Luannan 5	S-A
484		0.2499	0.0214		Kaiping 1	S-A
485		0.251	0.0559		Kaiping 2	S-A
486		0.2548	0.0216		Kaiping 3	S-A
487		0.2549	0.0224		Yixian 1	S-A
488		0.261	0.0214		Yixian 2	S-A
489		0.2646	0.0222		Yixian 4	S-A
490		0.2669	0.0214		Yixian 6	S-A
491		0.2713	0.0294		Shexian 1	S-A
492		0.3766	0.0013		Shexian 2	S-A
493		0.3785	0.0253		Shexian 3	S-A
494		0.3797	0.0252		Shexian 4	S-A
495		0.418	0.0229		Shexian 5	S-A
496		0.44	0.0197		Handan 1	S-A
497		0.4469	0.0305		Handan 3	S-A
498		0.4538	0.03		Handan 4	S-A
499		0.4953	0.029		Zhangjiakou 1	S-A
500		0.5337	0.0142		Zhangjiakou 2	S-A
501		0.2846	0.0305		Zhangjiakou 3	S-A
502		0.2858	0.0219		Hengshui 1	S-A
503		0.2892	0.0273		Hengshui 5	S-A
504		0.2911	0.0392		Xingtai 1	S-A
505		0.2912	0.0225		Xingtai 2	S-A
506		0.2927	0.0309		Cangzhou 1	S-A
507		0.2937	0.0465		Cangzhou 3	S-A
508		0.2956	0.0229		Chongli 1	S-A
509		0.2973	0.0243		Chongli 3	S-A
510		0.2983	0.0232		Baoding 1	S-A
511		0.3018	0.0241		Baoding 3	S-A
512		0.3165	0.0235		Chengde 1	S-A
513		0.3197	0.0247		Chengde 2	S-A
514		0.332	0.0228		Zunhua 1	S-A
515		0.3357	0.0232		Zunhua 2	S-A
516		0.3527	0.0285		Zunhua 3	S-A
517		0.3534	0.0284		Renqiu 1	S-A
518		0.273	0.0219		Renqiu 3	S-A
519		0.2745	0.0125		Shenyang 1	S-A
520		0.2784	0.0208		Shenyang 3	S-A
521		0.2787	0.0249		Dalian 1	S-A
522		0.047	0.0256		Dalian 3	S-A
523		0.0679	0.0095		Shandong 1	S-A
524		0.0524	0.0216		Shandong 3	S-A
525		0.0755	0.0286		Tanghai 1	G-A
526		0.0779	0.0367		Tanghai 2	G-A
527		0.0694	0.0256		Tanghai 3	G-A
528		0.0802	0.0454		Tanghai 4	G-A
529		0.1441	0.015		Tanghai 5	G-A
530		0.1459	0.0237		Tanghai 6	G-A
531		0.1724	0.0253		Tanghai 7	G-A
532		0.1829	0.0155		Tanghai 8	G-A
533		0.18	0.0253		Luannan 1	G-A
534		0.1692	0.0244		Luannan 2	G-A
535		0.1697	0.0246		Luannan 3	G-A
536		0.17	0.0234		Luannan 4	G-A
537		0.1655	0.0089		Luannan 5	G-A
538		0.1658	0.0226		Kaiping 1	G-A
539		0.0294	0.018		Kaiping 2	G-A
540		0.0294	0.023		Kaiping 3	G-A
541		0.0336	0.0106		Yixian 1	G-A
542		0.0336	0.0134		Yixian 2	G-A
543		0.0338	0.0184		Yixian 4	G-A
544		0.0363	0.0012		Yixian 6	G-A
545		0.0394	0.0205		Shexian 1	G-A
546		0.0438	0.0244		Shexian 2	G-A
547		0.0417	0.0258		Shexian 3	G-A
548		0.0138	0.0142		Shexian 4	G-A
549		0.0151	0.0264		Shexian 5	G-A
550		0.0152	0.0455		Handan 1	G-A
551		0.0268	0.011		Handan 3	G-A
552		0.0244	0.0186		Handan 4	G-A
553		0.0231	0.0276		Zhangjiakou 1	G-A
554		0.0192	0.0178		Zhangjiakou 2	G-A
555		0.0182	0.0243		Zhangjiakou 3	G-A
556		0.0088	0.0115		Hengshui 1	G-A
557		0.0091	0.0146		Hengshui 5	G-A
558		0.0107	0.0213		Xingtai 1	G-A
559		0.0109	0.0128		Xingtai 2	G-A
560		0.0115	0.0109		Cangzhou 1	G-A
561		0.0121	0.0172		Cangzhou 3	G-A
562		0.0129	0.0158		Chongli 1	G-A
563		0.005	0.008		Chongli 3	G-A
564		0.0062	0.0209		Baoding 1	G-A
565		0.0072	0.0112		Baoding 3	G-A
566		0.0077	0.0296		Chengde 1	G-A
567		0.2019	0.0238		Chengde 2	G-A
568		0.2032	0.0208		Zunhua 1	G-A
569		0.2049	0.0204		Zunhua 2	G-A
570		0.2056	0.0223		Zunhua 3	G-A
571		0.1987	0.001		Renqiu 1	G-A
572		0.1965	0.0229		Renqiu 3	G-A
573		0.197	0.0226		Shenyang 1	G-A
574		0.0839	0.01		Shenyang 3	G-A
575		0.0791	0.0394		Dalian 1	G-A
576		0.1739	0.019		Dalian 3	G-A
577		0.0406	0.0225		Shandong 1	G-A
578		0.019	0.0389		Shandong 3	G-A

Pearson correlation analysis for four components in dandelion_

Components	Cichoric acid	Caffeic acid	Chlorogenic acid	Caftaric acid
Cichoric acid	1	0.410	0.934	0.889
Caffeic acid		1	0.451	0.674
Chlorogenic acid			1	0.774
Caftaric acid				1

Matching numbers of various compounds with reference fingerprint_

No.	RT	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7	S8	S9	S10	S11	S12	S13	S14	S15	Reference fingerprint	RSD (%) of RT	RSD (%) of peak area	Matching numbers of peak
1	2.318	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8.63	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.575	0	0	1
2	2.541	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6.331	0	21.9	14.973	0	0	0	2.88	1.3	54.16	3
3	2.688	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9.236	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.616	0	0	1
4	3.056	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	22.975	8.39	0	0	0	22.975	3.623	0.35	46.49	3
5	3.237	8.724	0	0	0	0	6.603	0	0	7.313	0	5.175	0	0	0	0	1.854	1.37	21.25	4
6	3.369	11.109	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8.688	0	0	0	0	1.32	1.31	17.3	2
7	3.546	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5.155	0	0	0	0	0.344	0	0	1
8	3.711	6.551	0	8.155	7.964	0	7.324	0	0	13.008	0	8.024	0	0	0	0	3.402	0.39	26.89	6
9	4.261	58.823	44.069	40.544	59.498	39.897	55.235	79.784	29.548	42.652	47.433	78.453	81.856	30.968	44.163	47.433	52.024	0	32.3	15
10	4.737	8.152	9.173	7.001	7.464	6.891	7.127	8.565	8.324	9.102	7.778	16.782	9.995	6.451	7.222	7.778	5.988	0	32.21	15
11	5.521	0	0	6.632	7.234	0	0	0	7.214	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.933	0.05	13.22	3
12	6.082	16.932	8.53	17.211	14.888	15.773	11.236	14.381	11.564	13.326	10.901	14.922	15.469	8.918	15.604	10.901	13.37	0	21.12	15
13	6.264	0	0	0	5.678	0	0	0	0	0	0	6.214	0	0	7.721	0	0	1.23	0	3
14	6.913	0	9.345	10.343	12.234	0	0	23.563	0	0	0	12.342	18.232	0	0	0	3.237	1.512	15.1	6
15	7.198	0	9.234	0	0	0	0	5.61	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7.507	1.818	0.25	14.41	3
16	10.012	15.601	50.93	14.225	36.09	19.228	28.025	70.559	10.246	18.551	44.01	68.768	74.05	10.69	25.134	44.01	35.341	0.07	63.37	15
17	10.256	0	7.213	0	0	0	0	6.324	0	0	0	0	8.233	0	0	0	1.257	0.45	13.32	3

Development of dandelion (Taraxacum spp.) quality evaluation technology based on phenolic acids

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Linear regression equations for four compounds in dandelion_

Quality evaluation result for 578 dandelion samples_

Descriptive statistics of four components (%) in dandelion_

Dandelion QI and grade division_

Contents (%) level division for dandelion_

Data of components contents (%) from relevant references_

Compounds’ content (%) of 578 dandelion samples_

Pearson correlation analysis for four components in dandelion_

Matching numbers of various compounds with reference fingerprint_

Paradigm

My account