Differences in phenolic acids in soil substrates of forest deciduous tree species

Michal Jakl; Ivan Kuneš; Sanja Ćavar Zeljković; Petr Tarkowski; Jana Jaklová Dytrtová

doi:10.2478/ffp-2024-0020

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Differences in phenolic acids in soil substrates of forest deciduous tree species

Folia Forestalia Polonica

Volume 66 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)

By: Michal Jakl , Ivan Kuneš , Sanja Ćavar Zeljković , Petr Tarkowski and Jana Jaklová Dytrtová

Open Access

|Sep 2024

Figures & Tables

Overview of the most important chemical groups of root exudates (not scaled)

Illustration of the transport of organic acids through the last plasma membrane (the apoplastic transport) and its control by the concentration gradient

Chemical structures of phenolic acids detected and analysed in our study

Basic scheme of the experiment from each seed through all seedlings in small and experimental pots (chronologically in the central row) to the soil solution

Table 1.

Active and exchangeable pH and electrical conductance (κ) of the substrate (1:10 (w/v); mean ± st. dev., n = 3)

pH(H₂O)	pH(KCl)	κ (mS/cm)
5.17±0.00	4.65±0.00	0.955±0.005

Table 2.

Total, bioavailable (CAT) and water-soluble fractions of selected elements in the substrate (mg/kg dry wt.; mean ± st. dev., n = 3)

Fraction	K	Ca	Mg	P	Zn	Fe	Mn	Cu
Total	2321±48	9655±103	1748±42	872±11	74.1±2.8	2089±25	462.5±8.6	6.03±0.21
CAT	1272±4	–	717±6	585±19	82.5±3.7	508±14	407.4±6.7	2.02±0.42
H₂O	808±8	225±6	93±3	572±5	0.952±0.007	6.14±0.00	7.15±0.04	0.188±0.026

Table 3.

Content of mineral nitrogen forms, total organic carbon (TOC) and humic substances (HS), the degree of polymerisation (DP) and the humification index (HI) of the dry substrate (mean ± st. dev.; n = 3)

N-NH₄ (mg/kg)	N-NO₃ (mg/kg)	TOC (% C)	HS (% C)	DP (HA : FA)	HI (HA : TOC)
1421.5±2.6	36.6±5.2	13.4±0.3	6.14±0.03	1.80±0.06	0.231

Content of selected phenolic acids in the soil solution of focused trees (n = 3, mean ± st. dev.)

Relative content of phenolic acids detected in the soil solution of each tree compared to their sum in the control (100%)

Table SI.1.

Tukey’s HSD test for 4-hydroxybenzoic acid among tree species indicating whether the values are statistically different at the significance level of α ≤ 0.05

Group 1	Group 2	p-value	Reject	Group 1	Group 2	p-value	Reject
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
s4-hydroxybenzoic acid				p-coumaric acid
AP	FS	0.0000	true	AP	FS	0.3396	false
aP	QR	0.0000	true	AP	QR	0.6966	false
aP	RP	0.7967	false	AP	RP	0.0002	true
aP	ST	0.0001	true	AP	ST	0.0331	true
aP	control	0.0000	true	AP	control	0.9609	false
fS	QR	1.0000	false	FS	QR	0.9827	false
fS	RP	0.0000	true	FS	RP	0.0000	true
fS	ST	0.1973	false	FS	ST	0.6792	false
fS	control	0.0000	true	FS	control	0.7731	false
qR	RP	0.0000	true	QR	RP	0.0000	true
qR	ST	0.2274	false	QR	ST	0.3260	false
qR	control	0.0000	true	QR	control	0.9845	false
rP	ST	0.0000	true	RP	ST	0.0000	true
rP	control	0.0003	true	RP	control	0.0001	true
sT	control	0.0000	true	ST	control	0.1253	false
vanillic acid				Salicylic acid
AP	FS	0.0749	false	AP	FS	0.1614	false
aP	QR	1.0000	false	AP	QR	0.2248	false
aP	RP	0.0005	true	AP	RP	0.6738	false
aP	ST	0.0000	true	AP	ST	0.9833	false
aP	control	0.0000	true	AP	control	0.0001	true
fS	QR	0.0951	false	FS	QR	0.0030	true
fS	RP	0.0000	true	FS	RP	0.0136	true
fS	ST	0.0024	true	FS	ST	0.4073	false
fS	control	0.0000	true	FS	control	0.0000	true
qR	RP	0.0004	true	QR	RP	0.9335	false
qR	ST	0.0000	true	QR	ST	0.0800	false
qR	control	0.0000	true	QR	control	0.0021	true
rP	ST	0.0000	true	RP	ST	0.3240	false
rP	control	0.0000	true	RP	control	0.0005	true
sT	control	0.0000	true	ST	control	0.0000	true
Syringic acid
AP	FS	0.0069	true
AP	QR	0.0001	true
AP	RP	0.9997	false
AP	ST	0.0000	true
AP	control	0.9031	false
FS	QR	0.0509	false
FS	RP	0.0110	true
FS	ST	0.0251	true
FS	control	0.0384	true
QR	RP	0.0001	true
QR	ST	0.9979	false
QR	control	0.0002	true
RP	ST	0.0000	true
RP	control	0.9727	false
ST	control	0.0001	true

[i] AP – Acer pseudoplatanus; FS – Fagus sylvatica; QR – Quercus robur; RP – Robinia pseudoacacia; ST – Sorbus torminalis.

Table SI.2.

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients among the organic acids

	VA	SyA	pCA	SaA
HBA	0.842^*	0.783^*	0.421	0.702^*
VA		0.539	0.238	0.881^**
SyA			0.595	0.284
pCA				0.199

* indicates strong positive correlation,

** indicates very strong positive correlation;

HBA – 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, VA – vanillic acid, SyA – syringic acid, pCA – p-coumaric acid, SaA – salicylic acid

Table SI3.

MANOVA analysis of the differences in acid contents among the tree species

Effect of Subject	Value	Num DF	Den DF	F Value
Wilks’ lambda	0.00	25.00	31.22	45.71
Pillai’s trace	4.05	25.00	60.00	10.22
Hotelling-Lawley trace	248.27	25.00	12.13	71.35
Roy’s greatest root	188.40	5.00	12.00	452.17

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2024-0020 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677

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Language: English

Page range: 270 - 284

Submitted on: Dec 28, 2023

Accepted on: May 6, 2024

Published on: Sep 12, 2024

Published by: Forest Research Institute

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

LMWOAs,

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© 2024 Michal Jakl, Ivan Kuneš, Sanja Ćavar Zeljković, Petr Tarkowski, Jana Jaklová Dytrtová, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 66 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)

Differences in phenolic acids in soil substrates of forest deciduous tree species

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Table SI.1.

Table SI.2.

Table SI3.

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