Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Fatigue-Induced Crack an Aircraft Fire Extinguisher Outlet Discharge System: A Maintenance Case Study of an Airbus A330-900 Cover

Fatigue-Induced Crack an Aircraft Fire Extinguisher Outlet Discharge System: A Maintenance Case Study of an Airbus A330-900

Open Access
|Jul 2026

References

  1. Anderson, T. L. (2017). Fracture mechanics: Fundamentals and applications (4th ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315370293
  2. ASTM International. (2022). ASTM E647-22: Standard test method for measurement of fatigue crack growth rates. ASTM International. https://www.astm.org
  3. Bai, M., Li, J., & Wen, J. (2025). Wear characteristics and life extension mechanism of Ti3C2 MXenes nano-lubricated airframe rolling bearings. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 239(7), 875–885. https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501241301569
  4. Čerňan, J., Semrád, K., Draganová, K., & Cúttová, M. (2019). Fatigue stress analysis of the DV-2 engine turbine disk. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 91(4), 708–716. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2018-0096
  5. Delpuech, B., Nutte, M., Jacques, V., & Morlet, B. (2024). Development of a robust multiaxial fatigue model for a/c metallic assemblies in an industrial context. Fatigue of Aircraft Structures, 2024(16), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.2478/fas-2024-0008
  6. Demiral, M., & Duran, E. T. (2023). Failure analysis of resistance spot-welded structure using XFEM: Lifetime assessment. Applied Sciences, 13(19), 10923. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910923
  7. European Union Aviation Safety Agency. (2025). Airworthiness directive AD 2025-0034: ATA 26 – Fire protection – Engine fire extinguisher bottles – Modification. EASA. https://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/2025-0034
  8. Fang, E., Cui, X., & Lua, J. (2017). A continuum damage and discrete crack-based approach for fatigue response and residual strength prediction of notched laminated composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 51(15), 2203–2225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998317705975
  9. Gbagba, S., Maccioni, L., & Concli, F. (2023). Advances in machine learning techniques used in fatigue life prediction of welded structures. Applied Sciences, 14(1), 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010398
  10. He, Y., Huang, W., Guo, W., Li, Y., Zhao, S., & Lin, D. (2023). An investigation of the anisotropic fatigue properties of laser additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V under vibration loading. Materials, 16(14), 5099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145099
  11. Huang, J., Zhou, Z., Li, Z., Chen, J., Ji, C., & Pham, D. T. (2016). Strain modal analysis of small and light pipes using distributed fiber Bragg grating sensors. Sensors, 16(10), 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101583
  12. Hui, P., Jiang, S., Huang, L., Liu, K., Lin, H., & Han, Q. (2025). VHCF failure analysis and life prediction of Ni-based superalloy under different temperatures and stress ratios. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 48(11), 4784–4793. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.70072
  13. Khashaba, U. A., & Alssayegh, A. (2025). Comprehensive statistical and reliability analysis for safe design fatigue life of notched and unnotched Al7075-T6 alloy. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 49(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.70107
  14. Li, Y. (2025). Identification of excitation and modal frequencies of wing rib beams using fiber Bragg grating sensors: Experimental characterization and comparative simulation analysis. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 3126(1), 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3126/1/012025
  15. Liu, J., Zhao, Z., Wang, B., Wang, C., Lv, J., Wen, Y., Zhao, N., & Li, L. (2024). Experimental study on the influence of welding structure details of TC4 titanium alloy under thermo-vibration coupling environment on vibration fatigue life. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2730(1), 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2730/1/012015
  16. Lv, J. H., Wang, W. Z., Tu, S. T., & Liu, S. W. (2020). Failure cases analysis in the aerospace field. Materials Science Forum, 993, 1277–1285. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1277
  17. Moroney, P. D., & Verma, A. S. (2023). Durability and damage tolerance analysis approaches for wind turbine blade trailing edge life prediction: A technical review. Energies, 16(24), 7934. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16247934
  18. Muhammad, W., Hussain, W., Zaigham, H., & Zubair, N. (2021). Evolution of fatigue crack growth phenomena in friction stir welded AA2xxx alloys. Key Engineering Materials, 875, 227–237. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.227
  19. Naveen, M. R., Kamaraj, L., & Ponnarengan, H. (2025). Fatigue resistance and fracture toughness improvement in nanoclay-modified titanium-Kevlar/jute fiber metal laminate. Polymer Composites, 46, S819–S841. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.30001
  20. Nikishkov, Y., Nikishkov, G. P., Seon, G., Shonkwiler, B., Makeev, A., Schaefer, J., & Justusson, B. (2021). Structures technology for component damage and failure prediction. Journal of the American Helicopter Society, 66(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.66.032006
  21. Nikitin, A., Shesterkin, P. S., & Lopatin, S. S. (2023). Fracture of aircraft titanium alloys under high-frequency loading. SN Applied Sciences, 5(2), 68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-022-05266-8
  22. Qiu, L., Yuan, S., Bao, Q., Mei, H., & Ren, Y. (2016). Crack propagation monitoring in a full-scale aircraft fatigue test based on guided wave-Gaussian mixture model. Smart Materials and Structures, 25(5), 055048. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/5/055048
  23. Sha, Y., Zhao, W., Tang, X., & Zhao, F. (2024). Acoustic and vibration response and fatigue life analysis of thin-walled connection structures under heat flow conditions. Aerospace, 11(4), 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040287
  24. Shekhter, A., Crawford, B. R., Loader, C., & Hu, W. (2015). The effect of pitting corrosion on the safe-life prediction of the Royal Australian Air Force P-3C Orion aircraft. Engineering Failure Analysis, 55, 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.05.020
  25. Tada, H., Paris, P. C., & Irwin, G. R. (2000). The stress analysis of cracks handbook (3rd ed.). ASME Press. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.801535
  26. Uygur, Ý. (2024). Influence of particle sizes and volume fractions on fatigue crack growth rates of aerospace Al-alloys composites. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 69(1), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2024.149098
  27. Wileman, A., Perinpanayagam, S., & Aslam, S. (2021). Physics of failure (PoF) based lifetime prediction of power electronics at the printed circuit board level. Applied Sciences, 11(6), 2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062679
  28. Zhang, M., Li, L., Wang, D., & Yang, X. (2023). Fatigue failure mechanism analysis of 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel blades ground by an abrasive belt. Frontiers in Materials, 10, 1166836. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2023.1166836
Language: English
Submitted on: May 9, 2026
Accepted on: Jun 16, 2026
Published on: Jul 9, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Gunawan Sakti, Laila Bungas Sarwani, Hadi Prayitno, Roil Bilad, published by ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

AHEAD OF PRINT