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Performance indicators of test pieces
| Specimen | Yield strength [kN] | Yield Drift [%] | Ultimate strength [kN] | Ultimate drift [%] | Ductility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSP | 73.91 | 3.71% | 80.95 | 5.05% | 1.68 |
| SCP | 82.54 | 3.11% | 89.10 | 6.18% | 2.01 |
Main parameters of the numerical models
| Model | Type of plates | Width [mm] | Aspect ratio [α] | Width-to-thickness ratio of steel plate [η] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPARs | Steel plate | 90 | 4, 5, 6, 7 | 15 (tsteel=6 mm) |
| SPWTs | Steel plate | 90 | 5 (height =450 mm) | 10, 11, 12, 13……20 |
| CSPA2s | CFRP (2 layers)–steel plate | 90 | 4, 5, 6, 7 | 15 (tsteel=6 mm; tFRP=0.7×2 mm) |
| CSPW2s | CFRP (2 layers)–steel plate | 90 | 5 (height =450 mm) | 10, 11, 12, 13……20 |
Properties of CFRP
| Material | Elastic modulus [GPa] | Ultimate stress [MPa] | Elongation [%] |
|---|---|---|---|
| CFRP in principal direction | 230 | 2986 | 0.013 |
| CFRP in transverse direction | 46 | 112 | 0.0071 |
Material properties
| Material | Elastic modulus [GPa] | Yield stress [MPa] | Yield strain [%] | Ultimate stress [MPa] | Elongation [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | 206 | 312 | 0.026 | 423 | 0.34 |
| Epoxy resin | 3.2 | 49 | 0.016 |
Comparison of lateral torsional buckling strength
| Specimen | Test results [kN] | FE results [kN] | FE deviation | Theoretical results [kN] | Theoretical deviation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSP | 2.9 | 3.2 | 10.3% | 2.7 | 6.9% |
| SCP | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.8% | 7.7 | 5.5% |