Experimental Study of Cold Joint Performance in a Scaled Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Diaphragm Wall Model Using: Effects of Geometric Profiles and Chemical Treatments
References
- Standard, T. O. A 615/A 615M - 15a. (2004). Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete.
- Ahmad, J., Burduhos-Nergis, D. D., Arbili, M. M., Alogla, S. M., Majdi, A., & Deifalla, A. F. (2022). A Review on Failure Modes and Cracking Behaviors of Polypropylene Fibers Reinforced Concrete. Buildings 2022, 12, 1951.
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111951 - Al-Rubaye, M. M., Yousef, R. F., Muteb, H. H., & Al-Rubaye, M. M. (2020). Experimental evaluation of bond strength performance between normal concrete substrate and different overlay materials. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 15(6), 4367–4382.
- Assaad, J. J., & Issa, C. A. (2012). Bond strength of epoxy-coated bars in underwater concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 30, 667–674.
- ASTM C78/C78M-22. (2010). Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with third-point loading). American Society for Testing and Materials, 100, 12959–19428.
- ASTM Standard (2014). C469 Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression. ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1–5.
- ASTM C1856. (2017). Standard practice for fabricating and testing specimens of ultra-high-performance concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
https://doi.org/doi:10.1520/C1856 - ASTM Standard (2011). C496 Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. In American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International.
- BS EN 12390-3. (2009). Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength of test specimens. British Standards Institution, UK.
- Čítek, A., Čítek, D., Šulc, V., Foglar, M., Hájek, R., Hurtig, K. & Vavruš, M. (2025). Preliminary Verification of Experimental Tests of the Explosion Resistance of Composite Steel-Concrete Elements Made of UHPFRC and NSC. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 21(2), 1402–1415.
https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2025-0102 - Dong, Y. P., Burd, H. J., & Houlsby, G. T. (2018). Finite element parametric study of the performance of a deep excavation. Soils and Foundations, 58(3), 729–743.
- EFNARC. (2005). The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete,Specification and Production and Use. Association House, UK.
- Feng, P., Qiang, H., & Ye, L.-P. (2017). Discussion and definition on yield points of materials, members and structures. Gongcheng Lixue/Engineering Mechanics, 34, 36–46.
https://doi.org/10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2016.03.0192 - Iraqi Standard Specification IQS, No. 5. (2019). Iraqi Standard Specification, Portland cement. Central Agency Standardization and Quality Control, Planning Council, Baghdad, Iraq.
- Iraqi Standard Specification IQ.S 45. (2016). Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete. Central Agency Standardization and Quality Control, Planning Council, Baghdad, Iraq.
- James, A., & Kurian, B. (2018). Comparison of Analysis Specifications and Practices for Diaphragm Wall Retaining System. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 40(1), 21–29.
https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2018-0004 - James, A., & Kurian, B. (2022). Diaphragm wall retaining system – a simplified model for design loads. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(2), 374–388.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2021.1991549 - Kadhum, S. B., Al-Zuhairi, A. H., & Al-Zaidee, S. R. (2024). Experimental investigation of the effect of horizontal construction joints on the behavior of deep beams. Open Engineering, 14(1), 20220554.
- Lau, D., & Büyüköztürk, O. (2010). Fracture characterization of concrete/epoxy interface affected by moisture. Mechanics of Materials, 42(12), 1031–1042.
- Liu, Y., Yang, G., Qi, C., Zhang, P., Cui, T., & Song, R. (2025). Experimental and Numerical Research on the Mechanical Properties of a Novel Prefabricated Diaphragm Wall–Beam Joint. Buildings, 15(7), 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071158 - Powrie, W., & Batten, M. (2000). Comparison of measured and calculated temporary-prop loads at Canada Water Station. Géotechnique, 50(2), 127–140.
- Quickmast. (108 C.E.).
https://www.dcp-int.com/qa/ar/products/kwyk-mast-108 . DCP. - Reddy, T., & Reddy, D. (2023). Destructive and Non-Destructive Analysis of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 79–88.
https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST52310313 - Sangkhon, A., & Pisitpaibool, C. (2017). Shear strength test of joint with different geometric shapes of shear keys between segments of precast segmental bridge. Int. Trans. J. Eng. Manag. Appl. Sci. Technol, 8(1), 1906–9642.
- Sika’s ViscoCrete 180G. (2022).
https://irq.sika.com/en/construction/concrete-admixtures/sika-viscocrete-180g.html (p. Version 04.02). - Safaa, A. & Kadhim, M.M.A.. (2025). State of Research on Shear Strengthening / Repairing of RC Beams with Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC). Civil and Environmental Engineering, 21(2), 1326–1347.
https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2025-0097 - Vidil, P., & Bachy, S. (2018). Recommended junctions between diaphragm wall panels for deep excavations. Deep Foundations Institute, 389–398.
- Wang, D., Ju, Y., Zheng, W., & Shen, H. (2018). Seismic behavior and shear bearing capacity of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beam-column joints. Applied Sciences, 8(5), 810.
- Ying-Jie, P., Gang, Z., & Jian-Qi, L. (2008). Model test and numerical analysis of diaphragm wall with hinged joints on both sides. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 29(1), 279–284.
- Yousef, R. F., Al-Rubaye, M. M., & Muteb, H. H. (2022). Mechanical and chemical bond for composite action of precast beams. In Curved and Layered Structures (Vol. 9, Number 1, pp. 304–319).
https://doi.org/10.1515/cls-2022-0024 - Yousef, R.F.., Muteb, H.H.. & Al-Janabi, A. (2026). Experimental Investigation of Wall Thickness Effect on Cold Joints in a Scaled Diaphragm Wall Model Using Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Advance online publication.
https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2026-0067 - Yousef, R. F., Muteb, H. H., & Ibrahim, A. A. (2023). Studying the effect of embedded length strength of concrete and diameter of anchor on shear performance between old and new concrete. In Curved and Layered Structures (Vol. 10, Number 1).
https://doi.org/10.1515/cls-2022-0184 - Zdravkovic, L., Potts, D. M., & St John, H. D. (2011). Modelling of a 3D excavation in finite element analysis. Stiff Sedimentary Clays: Genesis and Engineering Behaviour - Geotechnique Symposium in Print 2007, (7), 319–335.
https://doi.org/10.1680/ssc.41080.0028 - Zhang, J., & Li, V. C. (2004). Simulation of crack propagation in fiber-reinforced concrete by fracture mechanics. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(2), 333–339.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2026-0099 | Journal eISSN: 2199-6512 (formerly 1336-5835) | Journal ISSN: 1336-5835
Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 10, 2026
Accepted on: Feb 28, 2026
Published on: Apr 24, 2026
Published by: University of Žilina
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Rana F. Yousef, Haitham H. Muteb, Ahmed Al-JanabI, published by University of Žilina
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.