Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Influence of herbal adjuncts in shaping the quality and bioactive properties of craft beers Cover

Influence of herbal adjuncts in shaping the quality and bioactive properties of craft beers

Open Access
|Feb 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

(A) Total polyphenol content (TPC) and (B) flavonoids in analyzed beer variants. A, B…, a, b…– means sharing the same letter in column are not significantly different (p<0.05). Abbreviations – see Table 1.

Figure 2.

Antioxidant activity FRAP and ABTS•+ cation radical of analyzed beer variants: PA – Pale Ale (control), PAT – Pale Ale with thyme, PAG – Pale Ale with ginger, PAL – Pale Ale with lavender, PAMR – Pale Ale with marjoram, PAM – Pale Ale with mint. A, B…, a, b… — means sharing the same letter in column are not significantly different (p<0.05)

Figure 3.

Spearman rank correlation matrix between antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP), phenolic compounds (flavonoids, total polyphenols), physicochemical parameters (pH, alcohol, real extract), and color (EBC). Significant positive correlations were observed between radical cation ABTS•+, FRAP, flavonoids and total polyphenols, while pH showed a negative correlation with antioxidant parameters

Figure 4.

Sensory evaluation of examined beers: PA – Pale Ale (control), PAT – Pale Ale with thyme, PAG – Pale Ale with ginger, PAL – Pale Ale with lavender, PAMR – Pale Ale with marjoram, PAM – Pale Ale with mint. Rating scale: 1 – lowest desirability, 5 – highest desirability

Figure 5.

Principal component analysis (PCA) in sensory evaluation of examined beers.

Coloring of beers according to the EBC (Rum, 2005)_

EBCColorDescriptionBeer example
1–4 Straw, light yellow, light goldPale lager
5–8 Yellow, goldPilsner
9–20 Dark gold, dark yellow, amberWheat
21–35 Light brown, brown, copperPale ale
36–60 BrownBock
> 60 Dark brown, blackStout

The results of physicochemical measurements for tested beers with functional additives_

Beer variantReal extract [%]Alcohol [% V/V]pHColor (EBC)
PA*3.23±0.04 a4.94±0.10 b4.37±0.03 cd14.33±0.38 b
PAT3.48±0.09 b4.74±0.12 a4.33±0.04 bc15.37±0.98 ab
PAG3.25±0.08 a4.75±0.07 a4.30±0.01 ab16.63±1.06 c
PAL3.29±0.09 a4.61±0.05 a4.33±0.02 bc16.83±0.58 c
PAMR3.34±0.08 ab4.70±0.10 a4.26±0.05 a13.87±1.16 ab
PAM3.33±0.14 ab4.74±0.06 a4.39±0.04 d12.57±0.67 a

Results of sensory evaluation of examined beers_

Beer variant#FlavorAromaColorFoam (density/color)
PABitter, slightly hoppyHoppy, maltyPale goldenThick, white
PATAstringent, herbal, slightly bitterDistinctly herbal, thymePale amberMedium, creamy
PAGSpicy, slightly sweet, herbalSpicy, fresh gingerGoldenFine, white
PALBitter, slightly floralFloral, lavenderPale goldenMedium, whitish
PAMRHerbal, slightly astringentHerbal, dried herbsHoney-likeLow, creamy
PAMFresh, cooling, slightly sweetMinty, intensePale goldenThick, white
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cag-2026-0001 | Journal eISSN: 3071-740X | Journal ISSN: 2081-2787
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 13
Submitted on: Nov 3, 2025
Accepted on: Dec 22, 2025
Published on: Feb 24, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Katarzyna Gościnna, Paulina Bracka, Katarzyna Mikołajczyk-Bator, Krunoslav Aladić, published by Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 55 (2026): Issue 3 (February 2026)