A Zero-Trust Iot Security Architecture for Defence and Public Security Systems

References
- Ahn, G., Jang, J., Choi, S., & Shin. D. (2024). Research on Improving Cyber Resilience by Integrating the Zero Trust Security Model with the MITRE ATT&CK Matrix. IEEE Access, 12, 89291-89309. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3417182.
- Al-Ofeishat, H.A. & Alshorman, R. (2023). Build a Secure Network Using Segmentation and Micro-Segmentation Techniques. International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 16(1), 1499-1508. DOI:10.12785/ijcds/1601111.
- Al-Tamimi, S., Abu Al-Haija, Q., & Alrawashdeh, K. (2024). Zero-Trust Architecture for Securing Internet of Things (IoT) Networks: A review. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems (CIEES). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/CIEES62939.2024.10811176.
- Arifeen, M., Petrovski, A., & Petrovski, S. (2021). Automated Microsegmentation for Lateral Movement Prevention in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Proceedings of the International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/SIN54109.2021.9699232.
- Baligodugula, V.V., Ghimire, A., & Amsaad, F. (2024). An Overview of Secure Network Segmentation in Connected IIoT Environments. Computing & AI Connect, 1(1), 1-10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.69709/CAIC.2024.193182.
- Bansal, M., Singh, S., & Gupta, R. (2020). Identifying and Studying the Interrelationships Amongst Various Challenges in Successful Implementation of IoT to Military and Defence Systems in India. International Journal of Computer Applications, 176(11), 37-43. DOI:10.5120/ijca2020920088.
- Bognár, E.K. (2018). Possibilities and security challenges of using IoT for military purposes. Hadmérnök, 13(3), 378-390.
- Burmaoglu, S., Saritas, O., & Yalcin, H. (2019). Defense 4.0: Internet of Things in military. In Emerging Technologies for Economic Development (pp. 303-320). Cham: Springer.
- Casola, V., De Benedictis, A., Albanese, M., & Aniello, L. (2019). Toward the automation of threat modeling and risk assessment in IoT systems. Internet of Things, 7, 100056. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2019.100056.
- Cha, S., Baek, S., Kang, S., & Kim, S. (2018). Security Evaluation Framework for Military IoT Devices. Security and Communication Networks, Article ID 6135845. DOI:10.1155/2018/6135845.
- Chatfield, A.T. & Reddick, C.G. (2019). A framework for Internet of Things-enabled smart government: IoT cybersecurity policies and use cases in US federal government. Government Information Quarterly, 36(2), 346-357. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.007.
- Damianou, A., Khan, M.A., Angelopoulos, C.M., & Katos, V. (2021). Threat modelling of IoT systems using distributed ledger technologies and IOTA. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS). DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS52077.2021.00070.
- Feng, X. & Hu, S. (2023). Cyber-physical zero trust architecture for industrial cyber-physical systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems, 1, 394-405. DOI: 10.1109/TICPS.2023.3333850.
- Gao, P., Longchuan, Y., Chen, Z., Wei, X., Guo, L., & Shi, R. (2021). Research on zero-trust based network security protection for power Internet of Things. Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Conference on Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (AUTEEE). DOI:10.1109/AUTEEE52864.2021.9668726.
- Ghasemshirazi, S., Shirvani, G., & Alipour, M.A. (2023). Zero trust: Applications, challenges, and opportunities. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2309.03582.
- Hossain, S.T., Yigitcanlar, T., Nguyen, K., & Xu, Y. (2024). Local government cybersecurity landscape: A systematic review and conceptual framework. Applied Sciences, 14(13), 5501. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135501.
- Khan, M.J. (2023). Zero trust architecture: Redefining network security paradigms in the digital age. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 19(3), 105-116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1785.
- Kim, Y., et al. (2024). Exploring effective zero trust architecture for defense cybersecurity: A study. KSII Transactions on Internet & Information Systems, 18(9). Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2024.09.011.
- Laghari, A.A., et al. (2025). A novel and secure artificial intelligence enabled zero trust intrusion detection in industrial Internet of Things architecture. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 26843. DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11738-9.
- Li, K., Li, C., Yuan, X., Li, S., Zou, S., & Ahmed, S.S. (2025). Zero-trust foundation models: A new paradigm for secure and collaborative artificial intelligence for Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(22). DOI:10.1109/JIOT.2025.3603957.
- Li, S., Iqbal, M., & Saxena, N. (2024). Future industry Internet of Things with zero-trust security. Information Systems Frontiers, 26(5), 1653-1666. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007 /s10796-021-10199-5.
- Mahak, M. & Singh, Y. (2021). Threat modelling and risk assessment in Internet of Things: A review. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security (IC4S), 293-305. Cham: Springer. DOI:10.1007/978-981-16-0733-2_21.
- Melaku, H.M. (2023). A dynamic and adaptive cybersecurity governance framework. Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, 3(3), 327-350. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp3030017.
- Okika, N., Nwatuzie, G.A., Odozor, L., Oni, O., & Idoko, I.P. (2025). Addressing IoT-driven cybersecurity risks in critical infrastructure to safeguard public utilities and prevent large-scale service disruptions. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(2). DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14964285.
- Ouaissa, M., et al. (2025). A framework for cyber threat modeling and risk assessment in smart city environments. Frontiers in Computer Science, 7, 1647179.
- Paul, B. & Rao, M. (2022). Zero-trust model for smart manufacturing industry. Applied Sciences, 13(1), 221. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010221.
- Seeam, A., Ogbeh, O.S., Guness, S., & Bellekens, X. (2019). Threat modeling and security issues for the Internet of Things. Proceedings of the Conference on Next Generation Computing Applications (NextComp). IEEE. DOI:10.1109/NEXTCOMP.2019.8883642.
- Sfar, A.R., Chtourou, Z., & Challal, Y. (2017). A systemic and cognitive vision for IoT security: A case study of military live simulation and security challenges. Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart, Monitored and Controlled Cities (SM2C). IEEE. DOI:10.1109/SM2C.2017.8071828.
- Sokolović, V.S. & Marković, G.B. (2023). Internet of Things in military applications. Vojnotehnički glasnik, 71(4), 1148-1171. DOI:10.5937/vojtehg71-46785.
- Szymanski, T.H. (2022). The “cyber security via determinism” paradigm for a quantum safe zero trust deterministic Internet of Things (IoT). IEEE Access, 10, 45893-45930. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3169137.
- Wasicek, A. (2020). The future of 5G smart home network security is micro-segmentation. Network Security, 2020(11), 11-13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(20)30129-X.
Language: English
Page range: 101 - 125
Submitted on: Jan 10, 2026
Accepted on: Mar 13, 2026
Published on: Jun 24, 2026
Published by: Nicolae Balcescu Land Forces Academy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Aswin KARKADAKATTIL, published by Nicolae Balcescu Land Forces Academy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.