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            <title>Scientific Bulletin Feed</title>
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            <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/BSAFT</link>
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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Nicolae Balcescu Land Forces Academy</copyright>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Leader-Member Exchange, Responsible Artificial Intelligence, and Self-Determination Theory: An Integrative Review of Leadership, Autonomy, and Motivation in Ai-Augmented Workplaces]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0019</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0019</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This review examines how leader-member exchange (LMX) quality, responsible artificial intelligence (AI) practices, and self-determination theory (SDT) jointly shape employee experiences in workplaces increasingly influenced by algorithmic management. Drawing on recent scholarship, we argue that digital performance dashboards and monitoring systems may restrict workers’ autonomy and relatedness, thereby inducing stress and reducing engagement. In contrast, high-quality LMX relationships offer socioemotional support and foster intrinsic motivation. SDT further emphasizes that fulfilling the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness enhances engagement and well-being. Because most studies examine these constructs in isolation, this synthesis integrates leadership and technology research while also considering generational differences. Through this integration, we propose a conceptual framework linking AI practices, LMX quality, psychological safety, and need satisfaction, and we identify directions for future research and practice.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Infrared Image Conversion from Grayscale to Temperature Using Linear Regression]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0023</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0023</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This paper presents an original algorithm that aims to convert the grayscale levels of infrared images into a map of temperatures. Two methods were tried: one method which uses only the extreme temperatures provided by the legend of the infrared images; and the second one that takes into account all intermediate temperature levels with their respective grayscale references from the legend. The results obtained were compared with the actual temperature values recorded by the FLIR camera used. The linear regression conversion method was found to produce the smallest error, with a value of Mean Square Error of 0.0237, an improvement of more than 50% compared to the other method.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Digital Transformation Lessons Learned from Failures in an Urban Hospital Network]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0026</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0026</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This paper examines the complex challenges of digital transformation in a healthcare organization that has relied on an outdated, mainframe-based system from the 1990s. Despite expanding its services into modern care, the failure to modernize core digital infrastructure has created a misalignment between its legacy technology and current operational needs. The crisis stems from interconnected issues, including a passive strategic posture that prioritized short-term cost containment, inadequate risk management, and a lack of leadership readiness. These compounded failures have hindered the organization’s ability to adapt and align with the demands of contemporary healthcare, underscoring the critical need for comprehensive change management that addresses both structural and cultural elements of the organization.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Examining the Impact of University Entrepreneurial Ecosystem on Entrepreneurial Attitude: An Exploratory Study of Algerian Students]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0020</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0020</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The major goal of this research is to explore how the entrepreneurial attitude of Algerian students enrolled under Ministerial Resolution 12-75 is influenced by the university entrepreneurial ecosystem. A self-administered survey questionnaire was utilized to collect data from 124 students at Skikda University. Both descriptive and regression analyses were used in the study to calculate the impact of the university entrepreneurial ecosystem in SKIKDA on their students’ attitude toward entrepreneurship. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 25) was used to examine the data. According to the findings, 36.0% of the entrepreneurial attitude of students enrolled at Skikda University under Ministerial Resolution 12-75 may be attributed to changes in the university’s entrepreneurial ecosystem. This significant proportion shows how much the elements of Algeria’s university entrepreneurial environment contribute to the development of an entrepreneurial mindset and orientation at a subsequent stage. This calls for continuing efforts to enhance and improve the Algerian university entrepreneurial climate.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity: Applications and Challenges]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0021</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0021</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into cybersecurity, highlighting its role in detecting, preventing, and responding to increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. A review of the state of the art demonstrates significant progress in anomaly detection, explainable AI (XAI), and resilience against adversarial attacks. The study examines practical applications of AI across multiple domains, including threat detection, automated incident response, vulnerability analysis, anti-phishing systems, and adaptive authentication. Commercial platforms such as Darktrace, Vectra AI, and Microsoft Defender showcase the real-world impact of AI-driven security solutions. Additionally, relevant research initiatives, such as the DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge and EU’s AI4Cyber project, emphasize the growing importance of AI in protecting critical infrastructures. A case study on detecting and containing an Advanced persistent Threat (APT) in the financial sector further illustrates the effectiveness of unsupervised learning and automated response mechanisms. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including false positives, lack of transparency, adversarial vulnerabilities, and ethical considerations. The paper concludes by identifying future directions, such as the development of robust explainable models, integration of generative AI, and closer collaboration between human experts and AI systems.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Authenticity Vs. Commercialization in Cultural Tourism: Balancing Preservation and Mass Tourism]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0027</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0027</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Cultural tourism, a rapidly expanding sector, draws travelers seeking authentic cultural experiences, yet its growth often leads to the commercialization of heritage, threatening authenticity and sustainability. This paper explores the tension between preserving cultural integrity and meeting mass tourism demands, examining economic, social, and environmental impacts. It defines authenticity through objective, constructive, and existential lenses, highlighting its role in shaping tourist experiences, while commercialization often transforms culture into marketable products, risking commodification and staged authenticity. The study analyzes how economic incentives, globalization, and media influence commercialization, potentially eroding cultural identity. Strategies to balance these forces include community empowerment, sustainable practices, educational tourism, and ethical marketing. Through a qualitative review of recent literature, the paper advocates for collaborative, sustainable approaches to ensure cultural tourism preserves heritage while fostering economic benefits, emphasizing the need for responsible management to maintain authenticity for future generations.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Analysis and Optimization of the Orbital Configuration of a Constellation of Satellites Intended For Romanian Nationwide Communications in the X-Band]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0025</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0025</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This paper presents the results of an analysis and optimization of a Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) CubeSat satellite constellation transmitting in the X-band, aimed at ensuring reliable nationwide microwave communications in Romania. A practical case study was conducted, focusing on clearly defined performance objectives, including territorial coverage, redundancy, and system resilience. The satellite constellation was modelled and simulated using the ANSYS Systems Tool Kit and further optimized through multi-objective genetic algorithms in MATLAB. The results provide optimized orbital configuration solutions and performance metrics, representing a first step toward strengthening Romania’s technological autonomy in the field of microwave communications.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Teacher Leadership for the 21st Century]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0016</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0016</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

As the educational landscape becomes increasingly complex due to rapid technological advancements, shifting demographics, and evolving societal needs, traditional hierarchical leadership models are no longer sufficient. This paper explores the transformative role of teacher leadership in navigating 21st-century educational challenges, emphasizing the importance of empowering teachers as agents of change. Drawing from qualitative research and lived experiences, the authors examine the Seven Domains of Teacher Leadership as articulated by the Teacher Leadership Exploratory Consortium (2011), providing historical context and evidence-based best practices for implementation in school settings. The work synthesizes key leadership theories – including relational, distributed, and complexity leadership – and underscores the essential 21st-century competencies such as Critical Thinking, Creativity, Communication, and Collaboration. Veteran teachers, with their extensive classroom experience and institutional knowledge, emerge as vital contributors to instructional Leadership, mentoring, and school-wide improvement efforts. However, the paper also confronts the challenges inherent in implementing teacher leadership, such as technological readiness, institutional barriers, and role ambiguity. By integrating theory, research, and field-based insights, this study not only contributes to the growing body of scholarship on teacher leadership but also offers practical strategies for fostering leadership capacity among educators. Ultimately, it argues that cultivating strong teacher leaders is imperative to enhancing student achievement and ensuring educational equity in the 21st Century.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Analyses of South Asia’s Arson Terror: Attacks in Light of Regional Characteristics]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0022</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0022</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article analyzes the characteristics of incendiary terrorism and other deliberate arson attacks worldwide to identify the trends of attacks. It examines the trends of change and the risk of terrorist attacks against targets using three sets of information from the insurance databases of terrorist attacks that can be traced back to arson, sabotage actions against facilities, and intentional damage events. The analysis presents the consequences of the cases, the motives for committing them, and the criteria for selecting the targets of the attacks, against the background of which we can identify the unique considerations of the fire protection risk assessment carried out by terrorists. The study provides clues for fire protection and public safety threat assessment to reduce risks for the protection of life and property, defined by setting up a criteria system for attacks, as well as by formulating proposals for preventive measures that reverse them and further investigation directions.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Adolescents, Disinformation, and AI Profiling: A Forensic Cyberpsychology Approach to Mitigating National Security Risks]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0024</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0024</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Adolescents are increasingly immersed in AI-curated digital environments that amplify disinformation, heightening susceptibility to psychological manipulation with profound implications for mental health and national security. This perspective paper examines how forensic cyberpsychology and AI profiling can be applied ethically to identify adolescents at risk of engaging with disinformation. Drawing on a thematic synthesis of recent studies, the paper identifies vulnerability markers, including validation-seeking, peer conformity, and identity confusion, and explains how these are reinforced through algorithmic amplification. A conceptual framework is proposed to guide the ethical use of forensic AI profiling and targeted interventions. By reframing adolescent disinformation susceptibility as both a developmental and algorithmic risk, this paper emphasizes the need to integrate ethical AI, media literacy, and national security perspectives into a unified prevention strategy.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Impact of Initial Public Offering (Ipo) on the Financial Performance of Algerian Companies: Case Study – Biopharm]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0018</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0018</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The present research paper aims to identify the impact of the Initial Public offering (Ipo) on the financial performance of Biopharm company. This is achieved through the calculation of several key indicators such as turnover evolution, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), debt ratio, cost of debt and dividend payout ratio (DPR). A comparison is made between these indicators over two periods: the first refers to the pre-IPo period, while the second covers the post-IPo period. on the basis of these six indicators, the impact of the IPo on Biopharm appears mixed, i.e. there is not a definite overall impact. This suggests that the IPo was not a truly advantageous decision for the company. Furthermore, the Algiers stock exchange does not appear to make a positive contribution to listed companies. This finding is in line with the criticism regularly levelled at the Algiers stock exchange for its lack of dynamism, which is detrimental to listed companies.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Killnet Cyber Attacks (2022-2023): Case Study and Analysis]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0017</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0017</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

KillNet, a pro-Russian hacktivist collective, conducted sustained distributed-denial-of-service (DDoS) campaigns across 2022-2023 that disrupted government, transportation, and critical-infrastructure services in multiple countries aligned with Ukraine. This case-study review synthesizes open-source reporting and institutional advisories to examine KillNet’s targeting, tradecraft, and effects, with a focal vignette on Lithuania’s energy sector. Findings show that while DDoS attacks rarely cause physical destruction, they can degrade grid telemetry, force manual contingencies, and delay incident response, thereby amplifying operational risk in smart-grid environments and driving significant defensive expenditures. Beyond technical impacts, recurrent disruptions erode public trust and can catalyze political instability. Attribution remains challenging given the group’s decentralized structure, botnet-enabled scale, tool reuse, and false-flag tactics. International responses coalesced around Five Eyes and EU guidance, public-private information sharing, and adoption of zero-trust and traffic-scrubbing controls. The paper concludes that countering KillNet-like actors requires coordinated standards, AI-enabled detection and attribution research, and resilience-by-design in Critical infrastructure.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Impact of Armed Conflicts on Military Food Security]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0013</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0013</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
Armed conflicts represent one of the biggest challenges faced by food management systems within military forces. Disruption of supply networks, destruction of infrastructure and difficult terrain conditions can have a significant impact on the ability to provide safe and nutritious food for staff. This article explores how armed conflict affects food security in the context of military operations, looking at key challenges and innovative risk mitigation strategies. The findings emphasize the need for an interdisciplinary approach to guarantee food security and the health of fighting troops during armed conflicts.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Ways to Combat Risks and Threats to the Civilian Population during Complex Conflicts]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0015</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0015</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
Recent years have been characterized by the return of some phenomena considered obsolete by history. Rivalries between great powers seemed to be a thing of the past, in an era of globalization and spread of democracy. Political-military conflicts endanger the stability and security of the international system, which causes chaos throughout society, especially among civilians who are not familiar with complex conflicts. Because of these wars, many civilians choose to leave their, “home countries” and face a lot of physical and psychological problems. From a psychological point of view, prolonged exposure to war is significantly correlated with psychological stress. Prolonged exposure to psychological stress, characterized by sustained negative emotional states, is frequently associated with detrimental outcomes across various aspects of mental and physical health which include somatic/psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, irritability, self-harming behavior, psychotic disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Because of the fact that the civilian population pays the highest price during wars, their protection and respect for International Humanitarian Law should represent key aspects of conflicts and a strategic and ethical imperative in all types of conflict.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Navigating Paradoxical and Ambidextrous Leadership in High-Quality LMX Relationships: Moral Licensing and Ethical Double Standards]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0009</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0009</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
This study investigates the interaction of paradoxical and ambidextrous leadership within high-quality leader-member exchange (LMX) relationships and their combined impact on key organizational outcomes ‒ employee innovation, resilience, and ethical behavior. Employing a robust mixed-methods approach, the research looks to integrate quantitative analyses of survey data with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews. Quantitative assessments include multiple regression, Pearson correlations, and moderation analyses based on responses from the 12-item LMX-MDM survey (Liden &amp; Maslyn, 1998) and the Paradoxical Leadership Scale (Zhang et al., 2015). Additionally, reflective journaling systematically addresses and mitigates potential researcher biases related to inherent power dynamics in leader-member interactions. Qualitative findings aim to deepen understanding by exploring nuanced subjective experiences, revealing conditions under which these adaptive leadership styles effectively manage complex organizational demands. By delineating specific mechanisms through which paradoxical and ambidextrous leadership influence innovation, resilience, and ethics, this study aims to provide actionable guidance for enhancing leadership effectiveness, employee well-being, and ethical practices. This contribution intends to significantly extend existing literature by clarifying how adaptive leadership styles ethically navigate organizational complexities within differentiated relational contexts.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Improving Social and Emotional Learning for the Students of “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy of Sibiu during the English Language Classes]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0010</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0010</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
This paper aims to analyse the influence of certain demographic (gender, year of study, graduated high school and major) and psychological (grit, self-management, and social awareness) characteristics of military students regarding their classroom effort and self-efficacy about English subjects. The results of the independent samples t-test revealed that there were significant differences between male and female students only in terms of classroom effort and self-management. The level of classroom effort of the students in the sample is predicted by the combination of gender, year of study, level of social awareness and grit. The female students put in more effort into activities in English classes; also, students in their third year of study seem to put more effort than their first- and second year peers. The levels of social awareness and grit are associated in determining the level of classroom effort: the higher the level of social awareness, the more effort the cadets put into the activities in English classes and the higher their sense of self-efficacy in solving English tasks.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Precision Logistics as a Strategic Enabler: Lessons from the Past, Demands for the Future]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0006</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0006</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

In the current economic and geo-strategic environment, engaging excessive amount of resources for military operations is perceived as an unacceptable decision. That is why the efficiency and the precision of logistic operations in a permanent volatile context is an objective to be achieved by every commander, in order to be both sustainable and mobile. This paper is designed to highlight the concept of precision logistics, from its original roots to the operational usage insights and future predictions. Moreover, the paper describes some relevant capabilities that might be engaged in developing a precise logistic network, considering the current and future cutting-edge technologies that may enable the processes. To achieve these objectives, relevant literature had been reviewed from the emergence of the concept to the latest theoretical approaches. Moreover, Operation Iraqi Freedom represented a case that was studied for extracting the appropriate details regarding the evolution of precision logistics for military operations, due to the lessons learned 10 years earlier, during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Communication]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0014</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0014</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[
In an increasingly dependent society on emerging technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping communication, human identity, and social structure. This paper explores the impact of AI on the formation of interpersonal, social, and political dialogues, emphasizing how algorithms and virtual assistants influence both the facilitation of communication and possible negative effects on empathy and mutual understanding. The accountability of automated systems, the transparency of algorithms, as well as the risks of information manipulation are examined from an ethical perspective. The impact of AI on society is ambivalent: digital technologies may foster innovation and inclusion, and also exacerbate social inequality and polarize public discourse through “echo chambers” and misinformation. The methodological approach is empirical and qualitative, based on discourse analysis and a review of the academic literature. Findings highlight the need for development of skills and strategies to balance technological progress, ethics of AI use, and protection of democratic values in contemporary communication spaces.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Conflict Management in the Romanian Land Forces: A Multifactorial Analysis of Tactical Leaders' Response Styles]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0002</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0002</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The aim of the study is to identify how tactical leaders in the Romanian Land Forces (RLF) respond to conflict situations, the main causes of conflicts and their consequences within the military organization. The literature review includes an analysis of the most relevant aspects on the topic, while also operationalizing the key concepts essential for the practical part of the study. Moreover, having clarified the fundamental theoretical background, the questionnaire survey method will be applied to a representative sample of commissioned officers, non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and enlisted soldiers from the RLF, which due to the functions and responsibilities they fulfill, can be considered tactical leaders. Besides identifying the predominant conflict response style, the main causes, and the nature of conflict effects within the military organization, the paper also aims to examine how variables such as operational experience, branch, staff category, or gender influence the selected response style when facing a conflictual situation.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Summary of Practical Experience in Internal Emergency Planning of Dangerous Chemical Establishments]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0004</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bsaft-2025-0004</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The present article draws the reader's attention to the practices and challenges faced by operators in internal emergency planning for major industrial accidents involving dangerous substances, with particular emphasis on the operation of chemical production and storage facilities. The authors examine the current European and Hungarian legal frameworks and present findings based on practical experiences gained during emergency management exercises. Case studies illustrate the complexity of internal emergency planning, training and implementation, with particular regard to human factors, communication, protective infrastructures and their practical applicability. The primary objective of the article is to contribute to the ongoing development of internal emergency planning methodologies and procedures, and also to enhance preparedness for mitigating the consequences of potential emergencies at dangerous establishments.
]]></description>
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