References
- Hong H, Cai W, Wu J, Wu X, Lin L, Li T, Zhu Q, Gao Y, Ye L, Wei Y, Yang J. Scrotoscopy and traditional open surgery shows a high degree of consistency in the diagnosis of testicular torsion: An initial report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jul 31;99(31):e21545. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000021545. PMID: 32756211; PMCID: PMC7402747.
- Mäkelä E, Lahdes-Vasama T, Rajakorpi H, Wikström S. A 19-year review of paediatric patients with acute scrotum. Scand J Surg. 2007;96(1):62-6. doi: 10.1177/145749690709600112. PMID: 17461315.
- Caesar RE, Kaplan GW. Incidence of the bell-clapper deformity in an autopsy series. Urology. 1994 Jul;44(1):114-6. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(94)80020-0. PMID: 7913779.
- Taghavi K, Dumble C, Hutson JM, Mushtaq I, Mirjalili SA. The bell-clapper deformity of the testis: The definitive pathological anatomy. J Pediatr Surg. 2021 Aug;56(8):1405-1410. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.023. Epub 2020 Jun 25. PMID: 32762939.
- Tiwana MS, Leslie SW. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Testes. 2023 Apr 15. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 29261881.
- Schneck FX, Bellinger MF. Abnormalities of the testes and scrotum and their surgical management. In: Walsh P, Retik A, Vaughan E, Wein A. Eds. Campbell’s Urology 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa WB Saunders Co2002; 2379.
- Dias Filho AC, Oliveira Rodrigues R, Riccetto CL, Oliveira PG. Improving Organ Salvage in Testicular Torsion: Comparative Study of Patients Undergoing vs Not Undergoing Preoperative Manual Detorsion. J Urol. 2017 Mar;197(3 Pt 1):811-817. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.09.087. Epub 2016 Sep 30. PMID: 27697579.
- Ferreira U, Netto Júnior NR, Esteves SC, Rivero MA, Schirren C. Comparative study of the fertility potential of men with only one testis. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1991;25(4):255-9. doi: 10.3109/00365599109024555. PMID: 1685802.
- Schütte B, Becker H, Vydra G. Exokrine und endokrine Hodenfunktion nach einseitiger Torsion--retrospektive klinische Studie an 36 Patienten [Exocrine and endocrine testicular function following unilateral torsion--a retrospective clinical study of 36 patients]. Urologe A. 1986 May;25(3):142-6. German. PMID: 3090760.
- Thurtle, D., Biers, S., Sut, M., & Armitage, J. (2018). Urologia na dyżurze. PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie.
- Baker LA, Sigman D, Mathews RI, Benson J, Docimo SG. An analysis of clinical outcomes using color doppler testicular ultrasound for testicular torsion. Pediatrics. 2000 Mar;105(3 Pt 1):604-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.105.3.604. PMID: 10699116.
- Baker LA, Sigman D, Mathews RI, Benson J, Docimo SG. An analysis of clinical outcomes using color doppler testicular ultrasound for testicular torsion. Pediatrics. 2000 Mar;105(3 Pt 1):604-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.105.3.604. PMID: 10699116.
- Yazbeck S, Patriquin HB. Accuracy of Doppler sonography in the evaluation of acute conditions of the scrotum in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1994 Sep;29(9):1270-2. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90822-2. PMID: 7807366.
- al Mufti RA, Ogedegbe AK, Lafferty K. The use of Doppler ultrasound in the clinical management of acute testicular pain. Br J Urol. 1995 Nov;76(5):625-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1995.tb07790.x. PMID: 8535684.
- Liguori G, Bucci S, Zordani A, Benvenuto S, Ollandini G, Mazzon G, Bertolotto M, Cacciato F, Siracusano S, Trombetta C. Role of US in acute scrotal pain. World J Urol. 2011 Oct;29(5):639-43. doi: 10.1007/s00345-011-0698-8. Epub 2011 May 24. PMID: 21607576.
- Cummings JM, Boullier JA, Sekhon D, Bose K. Adult testicular torsion. J Urol. 2002 May;167(5):2109- 10. PMID: 11956451.
- Rampaul MS, Hosking SW. Testicular torsion: most delay occurs outside hospital. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1998 May;80(3):169-72. PMID: 9682637; PMCID: PMC2503009.
- Molokwu CN, Somani BK, Goodman CM. Outcomes of scrotal exploration for acute scrotal pain suspicious of testicular torsion: a consecutive case series of 173 patients. BJU Int. 2011 Mar;107(6):990-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09557.x. Epub 2010 Sep 21. PMID: 21392211.
- Skoogh J, Steineck G, Cavallin-Ståhl E, Wilderäng U, Håkansson UK, Johansson B, Stierner U; SWENOTECA. Feelings of loss and uneasiness or shame after removal of a testicle by orchidectomy: a population-based long-term follow-up of testicular cancer survivors. Int J Androl. 2011 Apr;34(2):183-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01073.x. PMID: 20550599.
- Alyami FA, Modahi NH, Alharbi AM, Alkhelaif AA, Alhazmi H, Trbay MS, Neel KF. Parents’ awareness and knowledge of testicular torsion: A cross-sectional study. Urol Ann. 2019 Jan-Mar;11(1):58-61. doi: 10.4103/UA.UA_62_18. PMID: 30787572; PMCID: PMC6362777.
- Alsulaimani N, Alsulami EA, Saleh RE, Alsamli RS, Almowallad FM, Alhazmi RT, Ageel M. Parents’ Awareness and Knowledge of Testicular Torsion in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023 Mar 29;15(3):e36884. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36884. PMID: 37128544; PMCID: PMC10147557.
- Sławek R, Niedziela W, Wolak P. Testicular torsion based on material from the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology and Traumatology at Wladyslaw Buszkowski Children’s Hospital in Kielce during 2008–2013. Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne. 2014;30(2):90-92. doi:10.5114/ms.2014.43599.
- Sessions AE, Rabinowitz R, Hulbert WC, Goldstein MM, Mevorach RA. Testicular torsion: direction, degree, duration and disinformation. J Urol. 2003 Feb;169(2):663-5. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000047381.36380.0e. PMID: 12544339.
- Sazgar M, Montazer SH, Hosseininejad SM, Jahanian F, Rezaimehr B, Behbohaninia M, Aminiahi-dashti H. Clinical Predictors of Testicular Torsion in Patients with Acute Scrotum; a Cross-Sectional Study. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2022 Jan 11;10(1):e9. doi: 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1484. PMID: 35072098; PMCID: PMC8771156.
- Barbosa JA, Tiseo BC, Barayan GA, Rosman BM, Torricelli FC, Passerotti CC, Srougi M, Retik AB, Nguyen HT. Development and initial validation of a scoring system to diagnose testicular torsion in children. J Urol. 2013 May;189(5):1859-64. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.056. Epub 2012 Oct 24. Erratum in: J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):619. PMID: 23103800.
- Al-Kandari AM, Kehinde EO, Khudair S, Ibrahim H, ElSheemy MS, Shokeir AA. Intermittent Testicular Torsion in Adults: An Overlooked Clinical Condition. Med Princ Pract. 2017;26(1):30-34. doi: 10.1159/000450887. Epub 2016 Sep 19. PMID: 27648954; PMCID: PMC5588398.