Table 1.
Analysis of demographic and inclusion/exclusion criteria.
| Study | Participants at baseline | Analyzed participants | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ludyga et al., 2022 | 63 children with ADHD 8-12 y/o
| n=57
|
|
|
| Kadri et al., 2019 | 40 adolescents with ADHD (36 males, 4 females) 14.35 ± 3.26 y/o
| no information on changes in the number of participants analyzed |
|
|
| Converse et al., 2020 | 21 adults with ADHD (14 females, 7 males) 18–23 y/o
| n=19
|
|
Table 2.
Analysis of applied interventions.
| Study | Intervention in study group | Intervention in control group |
|---|---|---|
| Ludyga et al., 2022 | Judo training, 60-min sessions, twice a week for 3 months alongside pharmacological treatment | wait-list control: no physical activity intervention, pharmacological treatment |
| Kadri et al., 2019 | Taekwondo training, 50-min sessions, twice a week for 18 months | athletics, handball and gymnastics, twice a week for 18 months |
| Converse et al., 2020 | Tai Chi training, 60-min sessions, twice a week for 7-weeks *16/21 participants used the pharmacological treatment, n/s to which group they belonged | active control: non-contact kickboxing for cardio-aerobic fitness inactive control: no additional intervention *16/21 participants used the pharmacological treatment, n/s to which group they belonged |
Table 3.
Efficacy of martial arts as supportive intervention in ADHD.
| Study | Assessment | Study group compared to control group at follow-up |
|---|---|---|
| Ludyga et al., 2022 | Change Detection task | ↑ K-score (p = 0.030) ↔ Reaction time in milliseconds |
| EEG | ↑ CDA high load in μV (p = 0.043) ↔ CDA low load in μV | |
| MABC-2 | ↔ motor skills | |
| Kadri et al., 2019 | Ruff 2 and 7 Test | ↑ Controlled search trials (p = 0.005) ↑ Automatic detection trials (p = 0.037) ↔ Total speed trials in seconds |
| Stroop Color-Word Test | ↑ Word Test (p = 0.028) ↔ Color Block Test, Color-Word Interference Test, Interference, Error | |
| Converse et al., 2020 | CAARS-S:L | No statistical follow-up analysis * The study focused on evaluating recruitment and retention rates to guide the planning of a larger RCT. |
| FFMQ | ||
| SF-36 | ||
| Postural Stability | ||
| Begin Cardiac Recording | ||
| Flanker Test | ||
| Change Card Sort test | ||
| GRE Verbal Reasoning Excerpt | ||
| PSQI |
1 ADHD self-report CAARS-S:L- Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales–Self-Report: Long Version; CDA- Contralateral delay activity; EEG- electroencephalography; FFMQ- The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; GRE- Graduate Record Exam; MABC-2- Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2; PSQI - Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RCT- randomized controlled trial; SF-36 - Short Form Health Survey;