Abstract
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and an adequate diet can play a key role in its prevention.
The aim of this study was to discuss the impact of the Mediterranean diet on reducing cardiovascular disease.
Research methods. A review of the scientific literature was conducted to gather information on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular disease. Research including both observational studies and randomized controlled trials that assessed the association between the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease risk was identified. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grain cereals, nuts, seeds, fish, and healthy vegetable fats such as olive oil. A moderate intake of dairy products, eggs, and red meat is also recommended, while sugar and products rich in saturated fat are limited. Based on the literature, the Mediterranean diet has been proved to significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. People who follow the Mediterranean diet are at a lower risk of heart attack, stroke, and coronary heart disease. In addition, the diet has a beneficial effect on risk factors such as cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and obesity. The mechanism of action of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of cardiovascular disease is multifaceted. Nutrients present in this diet, such as polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber, have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-hypertensive properties. The Mediterranean diet also has a beneficial effect on hormonal balance, which may have a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Conclusions. The Mediterranean diet can be an effective tool in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Promotion and implementation of this diet as part of a comprehensive approach to a healthy lifestyle is encouraged. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of action of the Mediterranean diet and its optimal use in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.