Table 1.
Ingredients and nutrient composition of the experimental diets (as-fed basis)
| Ingredients (%) | Starter (1–10 d) | Grower (11–24 d) | Finisher (25–42 d) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corn | 49.14 | 53.96 | 60.75 |
| Soybean meal (44%) | 42.23 | 38.08 | 32.12 |
| Soybean oil | 4.25 | 4.36 | 3.84 |
| Limestone | 0.97 | 0.72 | 0.67 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 2.04 | 1.61 | 1.32 |
| Vitamin premix1 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Mineral premix2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| L-Lysine HCl | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| DL-Methionine | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
| L-Threonine | 0.01 | - | - |
| Choline | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
| Salt (NaCl) | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.34 |
| Nutrient composition (%) | |||
| Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) | 2975 | 3050 | 3100 |
| Crude protein | 23 | 21.50 | 19.50 |
| Lysine | 1.32 | 1.18 | 1.08 |
| Methionine + Cystine | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.86 |
| Threonine | 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.72 |
| Calcium | 0.95 | 0.75 | 0.65 |
| Available Phosphorus | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.36 |
| Sodium | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| Potassium | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.82 |
| Chlorine | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.26 |
1 Provided the followings per kg of diet: vitamin A (trans-retinyl acetate), 13000 U; vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 5000 U; vitamin E (D L-α tocopherol acetate), 80 U; vitamin K (menadione), 4 mg; riboflavin, 9 mg; pantothenic acid (D-Ca pantothenate), 25 mg; pyridoxine (pyridoxine-HCl), 5 mg; thiamine, 5 mg; vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), 0.02 mg; biotin, 0.35 mg; folic acid, 2.5 mg; nicotinic acid, 70 mg; ethoxyquin (antioxidant), 2.5 mg.
Figure 1.
Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on percentages of carcass, breast, thigh, bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen weight of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Figure 2.
Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on abdominal fat percentage of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Figure 3.
Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on breast meat lightness, drip loss and cooking loss of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Figure 4.
Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on breast meat drip loss of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Figure 5.
Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Figure 6.
Interaction effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) and Eimeria infection on serum total cholesterol level of broiler chickens at 42 d of age. No, uninfected birds; Yes, infected birds (P<0.05)
Figure 7.
Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on ileum Coliforms population of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Figure 8.
Interaction effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) and Eimeria infection on ileum Coliforms population of broiler chickens at 42 d of age. No, uninfected birds; Yes, infected birds (P<0.05)