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Pistachio green hull aqueous extract as a natural anticoccidial: effects on carcass traits, meat quality, serum lipid profile, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens Cover

Pistachio green hull aqueous extract as a natural anticoccidial: effects on carcass traits, meat quality, serum lipid profile, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens

Open Access
|Feb 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on percentages of carcass, breast, thigh, bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen weight of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on percentages of carcass, breast, thigh, bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen weight of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)

Figure 2.

Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on abdominal fat percentage of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on abdominal fat percentage of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)

Figure 3.

Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on breast meat lightness, drip loss and cooking loss of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on breast meat lightness, drip loss and cooking loss of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)

Figure 4.

Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on breast meat drip loss of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on breast meat drip loss of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)

Figure 5.

Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Main effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) on serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)

Figure 6.

Interaction effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) and Eimeria infection on serum total cholesterol level of broiler chickens at 42 d of age. No, uninfected birds; Yes, infected birds (P<0.05)
Interaction effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) and Eimeria infection on serum total cholesterol level of broiler chickens at 42 d of age. No, uninfected birds; Yes, infected birds (P<0.05)

Figure 7.

Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on ileum Coliforms population of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)
Main effects of Eimeria infection (uninfected vs. infected) on ileum Coliforms population of broiler chickens at 42 d of age (P<0.05)

Figure 8.

Interaction effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) and Eimeria infection on ileum Coliforms population of broiler chickens at 42 d of age. No, uninfected birds; Yes, infected birds (P<0.05)
Interaction effects of different levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (0, 200, 300, 400 ppm) and Eimeria infection on ileum Coliforms population of broiler chickens at 42 d of age. No, uninfected birds; Yes, infected birds (P<0.05)

Ingredients and nutrient composition of the experimental diets (as-fed basis)

Ingredients (%)Starter (1–10 d)Grower (11–24 d)Finisher (25–42 d)
Corn49.1453.9660.75
Soybean meal (44%)42.2338.0832.12
Soybean oil4.254.363.84
Limestone0.970.720.67
Dicalcium phosphate2.041.611.32
Vitamin premix10.250.250.25
Mineral premix20.250.250.25
L-Lysine HCl0.070.020.07
DL-Methionine0.290.240.23
L-Threonine0.01--
Choline0.050.050.05
Sodium Bicarbonate0.110.110.11
Salt (NaCl)0.350.350.34
Nutrient composition (%)
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)297530503100
Crude protein2321.5019.50
Lysine1.321.181.08
Methionine + Cystine1.000.920.86
Threonine0.880.800.72
Calcium0.950.750.65
Available Phosphorus0.500.420.36
Sodium0.180.180.18
Potassium0.990.920.82
Chlorine0.260.250.26
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2025-0098 | Journal eISSN: 2300-8733 | Journal ISSN: 1642-3402
Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 20, 2025
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Accepted on: Aug 18, 2025
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Published on: Feb 13, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2026 Zeyad Kamal Imari, Ali Almamury, Hadi Noruzi, Fatemeh Aziz-Aliabadi, published by National Research Institute of Animal Production
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

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