References
- Abd El-Hack M.E., El-Saadony M.T., Salem H.M., El-Tahan A.M., Soliman M.M., Youssef G.B.A., Taha A.E., Soliman, S.M., Ahmed A.E., El-Kott A.F., Al Syaad K.M., Swelum A.A. (2022). Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production: types, modes of action and impacts on bird’s health and production. Poult. Sci., 101: 101696.
- Abd El-Hack M.E., de Oliveira M.C., Attia Y.A., Kamal, M. Almohmadi N.H., Youssef I.M., Khalifa N.E., Moustafa M., Al-Shehri M., Taha A.E. (2023). The efficacy of polyphenols as an antioxidant agent: An updated review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 250: 126525.
- Abdel-Moneim A.E., Shehata A.M., Alzahrani S.O., Shafi M.E., Mesalam N.M., Taha A.E., Swelum A.A., Arif M., Fayyaz M., Abd El-Hack M.E. (2020). The role of polyphenols in poultry nutrition. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)., 104: 1851–1866.
- Alagawany M., Elnesr S.S., Farag M.R., Abd El-Hack M.E., Khafaga A.F., Taha A.E., Tiwari R., Yatoo M.I., Bhatt P., Marappan G., Dhama K. (2019). Use of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) herb as a feed additive in poultry: current knowledge and prospects. Animals, 9: 536.
- Alghamdi M.A., Elbaz M.I., Ismail I.E., Reda F.M., Alagawany M., El-Tarabily K.A., Abdelgeliel A.S. (2023). Dietary supplementation with a mixture of Dunaliella salina + Spirulina microalga enhances broiler performance by improving growth, immunity, digestive enzymes and gut microbiota. Poult. Sci., 103337.
- Ali N., Shah S.W.A., Ahmed G., Shah I., Shoaib M., Junaid M., Ali W. (2014). Acute toxicity and antispasmodic activities of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 27: 309–315.
- AOAC (2007). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th ed. Associations of Analytical Chemists, International, Washington DC.
- Arab H.A., Mardjanmeh S.H., Shahbazfar A., Rassouli A., Abdollahi M., Nekouie O. (2009). Toxicopathologic effects of artemisinin in broiler chickens following a single oral dose: An LD50 study. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 8: 808–812.
- Baghban-Kanani P., Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B., Azimi-Youvalari S., Seidavi A., Ragni M., Laudadio V., Tufarelli V. (2019). Effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic blend, and organic acids on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. J. Poult. Sci., 56: 120–127.
- Baowei W., Guoqing H., Qiaoli W., Bin Y. (2011). Effects of yeast selenium supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of goose. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)., 95: 440–448.
- Bilia A.R., Santomauro F., Sacco C., Bergonzi M.C., Donato R. (2014). Essential oil of Artemisia annua L.: an extraordinary component with numerous antimicrobial properties. Evidence-based Complement. Altern. Med., 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/159819
- Bora K.S., Sharma A. (2011). The genus Artemisia: A comprehensive review. Pharm. Biol., 49: 101–109.
- Cai K., Shao W., Chen X., Campbell Y.L., Nair M.N., Suman S.P., Beach C.M., Guyton M.C., Schilling M.W. (2018). Meat quality traits and proteome profile of woody broiler breast (pectoralis major) meat. Poult. Sci., 97: 337–346.
- Casteleyn C., Doom M., Lambrechts E., Van den Broeck W., Simoens P., Cornillie P. (2010). Locations of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the 3-month-old chicken: a review. Avian Pathol., 39: 143–150.
- Claiborne A. (1985). Handbook of methods for oxygen radical research, Greenwald, ed. CRC Press, Florida, Boca Raton.
- Coroian M., Pop L.M., Popa V., Friss Z., Oprea O., Kalmár Z., Pintea A., Borșan S.-D., Mircean V., Lobonțiu I., Militaru D., Vârban R., Györke A. (2022). Efficacy of Artemisia annua against coccidiosis in broiler chickens: a field trial. Microorganisms, 10.
- De Donno A., Grassi T., Idolo A., Guido M., Papadia P., Caccioppola A., Villanova L., Merendino A., Bagordo F., Fanizzi F.P. (2012). First-time comparison of the in vitro antimalarial activity of Artemisia annua herbal tea and artemisinin. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 106: 696–700.
- Dimov V., Ivanovska N., Bankova V., Popov S. (1992). Immunomodulatory action of propolis: IV. Prophylactic activity against Gram-negative infections and adjuvant effect of the water-soluble derivative. Vaccine, 10: 817–823.
- El Basuini M.F., Khattab A.A.A., Hafsa S.H.A., Teiba I.I., Elkassas N.E.M., El-Bilawy E.H., Dawood M.A.O., Atia S.E.S. (2023). Impacts of algae supplements (Arthrospira & Chlorella) on growth, nutrient variables, intestinal efficacy, and antioxidants in New Zealand white rabbits. Sci. Rep., 13: 7891.
- El-Ratel I.T., El Basuini M.F.M., Khattab A.A.A., Mekawy A.I., Fouda S.F. (2023). Ameliorative impacts of sodium humate on heat-stressed laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica ). J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)., 107: 712–722.
- Emile J.-F., Cohen-Aubart F., Collin M., Fraitag S., Idbaih A., Abdel-Wahab O., Rollins B.J., Donadieu J., Haroche J. (2021). Histiocytosis. Lancet., 398: 157–170.
- Engberg R.M., Grevsen K., Ivarsen E., Fretté X., Christensen L.P., Højberg O., Jensen B.B., Canibe N. (2012). The effect of Artemisia annua on broiler performance, on intestinal microbiota and on the course of a Clostridium perfringens infection applying a necrotic enteritis disease model. Avian Pathol., 41: 369–376.
- Fathi M., Hosayni M., Alizadeh S., Zandi R., Rahmati S., Rezaee V. (2023). Effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed meal on growth performance, blood and biochemical indices, meat quality and cecal microbial load in broiler chickens. Livest. Sci., 274: 105272.
- Fathi M., Hoseini M., Alizadeh S., Zandi R., Rahmati S., Saeidian S., Fard M.S., Rezaee V., Zarrinkavyani K., Mardani P. (2024). Effects of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) distillation wastewater on antioxidant status, immune response, cecal microbial population, growth performance and meat quality in broiler chickens. Livest. Sci., 282: 105442.
- Friedman R.B., Young D.S. (1997). Effects of disease on clinical laboratory tests, 3rd ed. AACC Press, Washington, DC.
- Ghasemi H.A., Kasani N., Taherpour K. (2014). Effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.), a probiotic, a prebiotic and a synbiotic on growth performance, immune response and blood characteristics of male broilers. Livest. Sci., 164: 128–134.
- Gouveia S.C., Castilho P.C. (2013). Artemisia annua L.: Essential oil and acetone extract composition and antioxidant capacity. Ind. Crops Prod., 45: 170–181.
- Guo S., Ma J., Xing Y., Shi L., Zhang L., Xu Y., Jin X., Yan S., Shi B. (2022). Artemisia annua L. aqueous extract promotes intestine immunity and antioxidant function in broilers. Front. Vet. Sci., 9: 934021.
- Guo S., Ma J., Xing Y., Xu Y., Jin X., Yan S., Shi L., Zhang L., Shi B. (2023). Effects of Artemisia annua L. water extract on growth performance and intestinal related indicators in broilers. J. Poult. Sci., 60: 2023024.
- Ham H.-J., Kang G.-H., Choi Y.-S., Jeong T.-J., Hwang K.-E., Kim C.- J. (2016). Effect of Gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) powder on quality and shelf stability of emulsion sausages during refrigerated storage. Korean J. Food Sci. Anim. Resour., 36: 601–611
- He G., Sun H., Liao R., Wei Y., Zhang T., Chen Y., Lin S. (2022). Effects of herbal extracts (Foeniculum vulgare and Artemisia annua) on growth, liver antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and microorganism of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Aquac. Reports., 23: 101081.
- Hoseini S.M., Aydın B., Hoseinifar S.H., Moonmanee T., Van Doan H. (2022). Dietary Artemisia, Artemisia annua, supplementation improves common carp welfare under high stocking density. Aquac. Res., 53: 3494–3503.
- Huo J., Lu Y., Xia L., Chen D. (2020). Structural characterization and anticomplement activities of three acidic homogeneous polysaccharides from Artemisia annua. J. Ethnopharmacol., 247: 112281. Joo S.T., Kim G.D., Hwang Y.H., Ryu Y.C. (2013). Control of fresh meat quality through manipulation of muscle fiber characteristics. Meat Sci., 95: 828–836.
- Kai Y. (2021). Intestinal villus structure contributes to even shedding of epithelial cells. Biophys. J., 120: 699–710.
- Khalaji S., Zaghari M., Hatami K.H., Hedari-Dastjerdi S., Lotfi L., Nazarian H. (2011). Black cumin seeds, Artemisia leaves (Artemisia sieberi), and Camellia L. plant extract as phytogenic products in broiler diets and their effects on performance, blood constituents, immunity, and cecal microbial population. Poult. Sci., 90: 2500–2510.
- Khattab A.A.A., El Basuini M.F.M., El-Ratel I.T., Fouda S.F. (2021). Dietary probiotics as a strategy for improving growth performance, intestinal efficacy, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of white Pekin ducks fed with different levels of CP. Poult. Sci., 100: 100898.
- Khodakov G.V., Kotikov I.V. (2009). Component composition of essential oil from Artemisia annua and A. scoparia. Chem. Nat. Compd., 45: 909–912.
- Kontogianni V.G., Primikyri A., Sakka M., Gerothanassis I.P. (2020). Simultaneous determination of artemisinin and its analogs and flavonoids in Artemisia annua crude extracts with the use of NMR spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Chem., 58: 232–244.
- Koracevic D. (2001). Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. J. Clin. Pathol., 54: 356–361.
- Lang S.J., Schmiech M., Hafner S., Paetz C., Steinborn C., Huber R., El Gaafary M., Werner K., Schmidt C.Q., Syrovets T., Simmet T. (2019). Antitumor activity of an Artemisia annua herbal preparation and identification of active ingredients. Phytomedicine, 62: 152962.
- Lee S.-J., Cho H.H., Cho J.H. (2020). Effect of dietary administration of gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) on the blood compositions and fatty acid profile of meat in the broiler chicks. Korean J. Vet. Serv., 43: 7–16.
- Liu Y., Li Y., Yu M., Tian Z., Deng J., Ma X., Yin Y. (2023). Magnolol supplementation alters serum parameters, immune homeostasis, amino acid profiles, and gene expression of amino acid transporters in growing pigs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24: 13952.
- Maxwell M.H., Robertson G.W. (1998). The avian heterophil leucocyte: a review. Worlds. Poult. Sci. J., 54: 155–178.
- Ohkawa H., Ohishi N., Yagi K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 95: 351–358.
- Oršolić N., Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. (2022). Molecular and cellular mechanisms of propolis and its polyphenolic compounds against cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23: 10479.
- Panaite T., Criste R., Vlaicu P., Saracila M., Tabuc C., Olteanu M., Turcu R., Buleandră M. (2019). Influence of Artemisia annua on broiler performance and intestinal microflora. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci., 21.
- Park J.H., Lee J.K., Kim H.S., Chung S.T., Eom J.H., Kim K.A., Chung S.J., Paik S.Y., Oh H.Y. (2004). Immunomodulatory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in Balb/c mice. Int. Immunopharmacol., 4: 429–436.
- Piquer F.J., Sell J.L., Al-Batshan H.A., Mallarino E.G., Soto-Salanova M.F., Angel C.R. (1991). Posthatching changes in the immuno-globulin a concentration in the jejunum and bile of turkeys. Poult. Sci., 70: 2476–2483.
- Ramlucken U., Ramchuran S.O., Moonsamy G., Lalloo R., Thantsha M.S., Jansen van Rensburg C. (2020). A novel Bacillus based multi-strain probiotic improves growth performance and intestinal properties of Clostridium perfringens challenged broilers. Poult. Sci., 99: 331–341.
- Sadr S., Ghafouri S.A., Ghaniei A., Jami Moharreri D., Zeinali M., Qaemifar N., Poorjafari Jafroodi P., Hajiannezhad Z., Atazade A.H. (2022). Treatment of avian trichomoniasis by tannin-based herbal mixture (Artemisia annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium sativum). J. World’s Poult. Sci., 1: 32–39.
- Saki A., Momeni M., Tabatabaei M.M., Ahmadi A., Rahmati M.M.H., Matin H.R.H., Janjan A. (2010). Effect of feeding programs on broilers Cobb and Arbor Acres plus performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 795–800.
- Saracila M., Criste R., Panaite T., Vlaicu P., Tabuc C., Turcu R., Olteanu M. (2018). Artemisia annua as phytogenic feed additive in the diet of broilers (14–35 days) reared under heat stress (32oC). Brazilian J. Poult. Sci., 20: 825–832.
- Schneider C.A., Rasband W.S., Eliceiri K.W. (2012). NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat. Methods., 9: 671–675.
- Seidavi A., Tavakoli M., Asroosh F., Scanes C.G., Abd El-Hack M.E., Naiel M.A.E., Taha A.E., Aleya L., El-Tarabily K.A., Swelum A.A. (2022). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of phytonutrients as antibiotic substitutes in poultry feed. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 29: 5006–5031.
- Shahbazfar A.A., Mardjanmehr S.H., Arab H.A., Rassouli A., Abdollahi M. (2011). Effects of artemisinin in broiler chickens following chronic oral intake. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 43: 843–849. Sohail M.U., Hume M.E., Byrd J.A., Nisbet D.J., Ijaz A., Sohail A.,
- Shabbir M.Z., Rehman H. (2012). Effect of supplementation of prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic mixture on growth performance of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. Poult. Sci., 91: 2235–2240.
- Song Z.H.H., Cheng K., Zheng X.C.C., Ahmad H., Zhang L.L.L., Wang T. (2018). Effects of dietary supplementation with enzymatically treated Artemisia annua on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of heat-stressed broilers. Poult. Sci., 97: 430–437.
- Sunmola T.A., Tuleun C.D. (2023). Effect of turmeric on performance of Arbor Acres plus strain of broiler chicken. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 54.
- Suvarna K.S., Layton C., Bancroft J.D. (2018). Bancroft’s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, 8th ed. Elsevier.
- Taheri H.R., Rahmani H.R., Pourreza J. (2005). Humoral immunity of broilers is affected by oil extracted propolis (OEP) in the diet. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4: 414–417.
- Tao A., Song Z., Feng X., Zhang A., He H., Chen Y. (2020). Antibacterial and antiviral activities of Artemisia annua aqueous extract in vitro. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 565: 012053.
- Tietz N.W. (1995). Clinical guide to laboratory tests. In: Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, W.B. Saunders (ed.). Co., Philadelphia, p. 1096.
- Tzenkova R., Kamenarska Z., Draganov A., Atanassov A. (2010). Composition of Artemisia annua essential oil obtained from species growing wild in Bulgaria. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip., 24: 1833–1835.
- Ulmer-Franco A.M., Fasenko G.M., O’Dea Christopher E.E. (2010). Hatching egg characteristics, chick quality, and broiler performance at 2 breeder flock ages and from 3 egg weights. Poult. Sci., 89: 2735–2742.
- Vargas-Sánchez R.D., Ibarra-Arias F.J., Torres-Martínez B. del M., Sánchez-Escalante A., Torrescano-Urrutia G.R. (2019). Use of natural ingredients in Japanese quail diet and their effect on carcass and meat quality – a review. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci., 32: 1641–1656.
- Villagrán-de la Mora Z., Vázquez-Paulino O., Avalos H., Ascencio F., Nuño K., Villarruel-López A. (2020). Effect of a synbiotic mix on lymphoid organs of broilers infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. Animals, 10: 886.
- Wan X.L., Song Z.H., Niu Y., Cheng K., Zhang J.F., Ahmad H., Zhang L.L., Wang T. (2017). Evaluation of enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. on growth performance, meat quality, and oxidative stability of breast and thigh muscles in broilers. Poult. Sci., 96: 844–850.
- Wan X., Ahmad H., Zhang L., Wang Z., Wang T. (2018). Dietary enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. improves meat quality, antioxidant capacity and energy status of breast muscle in heat-stressed broilers. J. Sci. Food Agric., 98: 3715–3721.
- Xiao G., Zheng L., Yan X., Gong L., Yang Y., Qi Q., Zhang X., Zhang H. (2022). Effects of dietary essential oils supplementation on egg quality, biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota of late-laying hens. Animals, 12: 2561.
- Yang S., Zhang J., Jiang Y., Xu Y.Q., Jin X., Yan S.M., Shi B.L. (2021). Effects of Artemisia argyi flavonoids on growth performance and immune function in broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Anim. Biosci., 34: 1169–1180.
- Yeka A., Harris J.C. (2010). Treating uncomplicated malaria in children: comparing artemisinin-based combination therapies. Curr. Opin. Ped., 22: 798–803.
- Yilmaz E., Ergün S., Ilmaz S. (2015). Influence of carvacrol on the growth performance, hematological, non-specific immune and serum biochemistry parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Food Nutr. Sci., 6: 523–531.
- Young D.S. (2001). Effects of disease on clinical lab tests, 4th ed. AACC Press, Washington, DC.
- Yu Q.P., Feng D.Y., Xiao J., Wu F., He X.J., Xia M.H., Dong T., Liu Y.H., Tan H.Z., Zou S.G., Zheng T., Ou X.H., Zuo J.J. (2017). Studies on meat color, myoglobin content, enzyme activities, and genes associated with oxidative potential of pigs slaughtered at different growth stages. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci., 30: 1739–1750.
- Zhu La A.L.T., Feng Y., Hu D., Feng Y., Jin X., Liu D., Guo Y., Cheng G., Hu Y. (2023). Enzymatically prepared alginate oligosaccha-rides improve broiler chicken growth performance by modulating the gut microbiota and growth hormone signals. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 14: 1–21.
- Zvarivadza W., Marume U. (2022). Growth performance and hemato-biochemical parameters of broilers fed diets containing Artemisia afra essential oil. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 102: 382–391.