Rudolf Stefan Jan Weigl
Date of birth: September 2, 1883
Place of birth: Přerov, Austro-Hungarian Empire Date of death: August 11, 1957
Place of death: Zakopane, Poland
Nationality: Polish
Field: microbiology, immunology, epidemiology
Key scientific achievement: Development of the first successful typhus vaccine
Table 1.
Selected key publications of Rudolf Weigl on epidemic typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii, and immunization
| Year | Publication | Journal / Source | Main subject / contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | Weigl, R. Untersuchungen und Experimente an Fleckfieberläusen. Die Technik der Rikettsia-Forschung. | Beiträge zur Klinik der Infektionsk-rankheiten | Experimental studies on typhus lice and the development of techniques for Rickettsia research |
| 1924 | Weigl, R. Der gegenwärtige Stand der Rickettsia-Forschung. | Klinische Wochenschrift | Review of the contemporary state of Rickettsia research |
| 1930a | Weigl, R. Über das Wesen und die Form des Fleckfiebererregers. | Bulletin de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettres, Classe Médicale | Research on the nature and morphology of the epidemic typhus pathogen |
| 1930b | Weigl, R. Die Methoden der aktiven Fleckfieber-Immunisierung. | Bulletin de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettres, Classe Médicale | Methods of active immunization against epidemic typhus |
| 1947 | Weigl, R. Immunization against typhus fever in Poland during World War II. | Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine | Experience with typhus immunization in Poland during World War II |
Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haffkine
Date of birth: March 15, 1860
Place of birth: Odessa, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) Date of death: October 26, 1930
Place of death: Lausanne, Switzerland
Nationality: Russian (later naturalized British subject) Field: microbiology, immunology, epidemiology
Key scientific achievements: cholera vaccine – 1892; plague vaccine – 1897; mass vaccination methods
Table 2.
Selected key publications of Waldemar Haffkine on cholera and plague vaccination
| Year | Publication | Journal / Source | Main subject / contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1892 | Haffkine, W. M. On Prophylactic Inoculation Against Cholera. | British Medical Journal | Experimental development and application of prophylactic inoculation against cholera |
| 1895 | Haffkine, W. M. Anti-cholera Inoculation: Report to the Government of India. | Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co. | Report on the development and application of anti-cholera inoculation in India |
| 1896 | Haffkine, W. M. Prophylactic Vaccination Against Bubonic Plague in India. | James Lind Library archive | Report on prophylactic plague vaccination, including self-inoculation and experimental studies in rabbits |
| 1897 | Haffkine, W. M. On the Anti-Plague Vaccine. | The Lancet | Description of the anti-plague vaccine and its application in the prevention of bubonic plague |
| 1905 | Haffkine, W. M. Report on a Series of 484 Cases of Plague Treated with Lustig’s Anti-Plague Serum. | In: Bannerman, W. B. (ed.), Serum-therapy of Plague in India. Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing | Report on clinical experience with anti-plague serum in 484 cases of plague |