Detection of Virulence Genes and ABC Genotypes in Candida Albicans Isolates from Candidemia Patients

Candidemia is the most common form of invasive fungal infection, and is associated with high mortality rates particularly in intensive care patients. In this study, 50 C. albicans strains isolated from blood samples were genotyped by 25S intron analysis, and the presence of virulence genes was investigated by PCR. Genotyping revealed that 28 isolates (56%) were genotype A, 14 (28%) genotype B, and eight (16%) genotype C. The SAP1 gene was detected in 96% of isolates, SAP2 and SAP4 in 98%, ALS1 and HWP1 in 92%, and PLB1 in 94%. A comprehensive understanding of Candida virulence factors, particularly in C. albicans which is the most prevalent Candida species acting as both a commensal organism and an opportunistic pathogen, is essential for improving diagnostic methods, and guiding the design of novel antifungal agents targeting virulence mechanisms.