Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Pelvic floor exercises versus Pilates on urinary incontinence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cover

Pelvic floor exercises versus Pilates on urinary incontinence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Open Access
|Mar 2026

References

  1. Prasad B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). IJPRT. 2020;10(1):67–71. doi: 10.31838/ijprt/10.01.12.
  2. Albano GD, Gagliardo RP, Montalbano AM, Profita M. Overview of the mechanisms of oxidative stress: impact in inflammation of the airway diseases. Antioxidants. 2022;11(11):2237. doi: 10.3390/antiox11112237.
  3. Maghsoudi-Ganjeh M, Sattari S, Eskandari M. Mechanical behavior of the airway wall in respiratory disease. Curr Opin Physiol. 2021;22:100445. doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.05.008.
  4. Bhutani M, Price DB, Winders TA, Worth H, Gruffydd-Jones K, Tal-Singer R, et al. Quality standard position statements for health system policy changes in diagnosis and management of COPD: a global perspective. Adv Ther. 2022;39(6):2302–22. doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02137-x.
  5. Al-Worafi, YM. Epidemiology and burden of respiratory diseases in developing countries. Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in Developing Countries. 2024;1–24. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_332-1.
  6. Al-Worafi YM. Urinary incontinence management in developing countries. Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in Developing Countries. 2024;1–23. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_88-1.
  7. Moalli P, Bowen ST. Epidemiology & pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse & urinary incontinence in women. Elsevier eBooks. 2023;1:27–5.
  8. Zheng T. Factors influencing postpartum stress urinary incontinence in women. FMSR. 2023;5(11):34–39. doi: 10.25236/FMSR.2023.051105.
  9. Al-Ahmadi FQ, Awaji NAM, Alshehri HA, Almotairi SA, Alharbi AMF, Asiri AAM, et al. Urinary incontinence diagnosis and management and its impact in woman’s health quality of life. J Int Crisis and Risk Commun Research. 2024;7(S6):1401. doi: 10.63278/jicrcr.vi.2250.
  10. Batmani S, Jalali R, Mohammadi M, Bokaee S. Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21:1–17. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02135-8.
  11. Lashari A, Irfan U, Hamid K, Munawar R, Salik S, Mushtaq Z, et al. Association of urinary incontinency with COPD severity: an analytical cross-sectional study: urinary incontinency and COPD severity. PJHS. 2024:29–34. doi: 10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1278.
  12. Battaglia S, Benfante A, Principe S, Basile L, Scichilone N. Urinary incontinence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a common co-morbidity or a typical adverse effect? Drugs Aging. 2019;36(9):799–806. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00687-4.
  13. Yates A. Effects of chronic cough on urinary incontinence. JCN. 2023;37(4)..
  14. Tim S, Mazur-Bialy AI. The most common functional disorders and factors affecting female pelvic floor. Life. 2021;11(12):1397. doi: 10.3390/life11121397.
  15. Sheng Y, Carpenter JS, Ashton-Miller JA, Miller JM. Mechanisms of pelvic floor muscle training for managing urinary incontinence in women: a scoping review. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):161. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01742-w.
  16. Dudonienė V, Kirklytė I, Žlibinaitė L, Jerez-Roig J, Rutkauskaitė R. Pelvic floor muscle training versus functional magnetic stimulation for stress urinary incontinence in women: a randomized controlled trial. JCM. 2023;12(9):3157. doi: 10.3390/jcm12093157.
  17. Ali MU, Fong KN-K, Kannan P, Bello UM, Kranz GS. Effects of nonsurgical, minimally or noninvasive therapies for urinary incontinence due to neurogenic bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2022;13:20406223211063059. doi: 10.1177/20406223211063059.
  18. Saraiva SdA. What transient effects does the performance of a hypopressive exercise have on intra-abdominal pressure and on pelvic floor muscle activation in females? Université d’Ottawa/University of Ottawa; 2024..
  19. Rukavina A-MJ, Andrijašević M, Kalafatić D. Effects of a newly developed body technique program vs. pelvic floor muscle training on urinary incontinence outcomes in middle-aged women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2025:114510. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.114510.
  20. Sikora K. The effects of core stability training on improving quality of life and symptom severity in females with stress and mixed urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis. Fresno: California State University; 2023..
  21. Lee K. Effects of core stability training on deep stabilizing muscle function and neuromuscular control. Medicina. 2025;61(3):364. doi: 10.3390/medicina61030364.
  22. Lee K. The relationship of trunk muscle activation and core stability: a biomechanical analysis of pilates-based stabilization exercise. IJERPH. 2021;18(23):12804. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312804.
  23. Si X, Zhang L, Li F, Liang H. The effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training on lumbar function and muscle performance in sedentary women with lower back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health. 2025;25(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03644-z.
  24. Yu J, Kim C. Muscle function analysis of the pilates teaser in pilates practitioners. Exercise Science. 2025;34(2):217–26. doi: 10.15857/ksep.2025.00325.
  25. Evans AC. The integration of structure and balanced function: how does pilates return the human body wholeness? Australia: Charles Darwin University; 2017..
  26. Atkın İ, Tamgüç B, Kıvanç Y, Pehlivanoğlu BE. The co-contraction relationship between pelvic floor contraction and transversus abdominis: a traditional review. Bau Health and Innov. 2024;2(3):125–33. doi: 10.14744/bauh.2025.47966.
  27. Curillo-Aguirre CA, Gea-Izquierdo E. Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training on quality of life in women with urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023;59(6). doi: 10.3390/medicina59061004.
  28. Kelly M, Morgan A, Ellis S, Younger T, Huntley J, Swann C. Evidence based public health: a review of the experience of the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) of developing public health guidance in England. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(6):1056–62. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.06.032.
  29. Burgio KL, Kraus SR, Menefee S, Borello-France D, Corton M, Johnson HW, et al. Behavioral therapy to enable women with urge incontinence to discontinue drug treatment: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(3):161–9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00005.
  30. Rogers K, Gibson AL. Eight-week traditional mat Pilates training-program effects on adult fitness characteristics. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2009;80(3):569–74. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2009.10599595.
  31. Borg E, Kaijser L. A comparison between three rating scales for perceived exertion and two different work tests. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(1):57–69. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00448.x.
  32. Kafri R, Deutscher D, Shames J, Golombp J, Melzer I. Randomized trial of a comparison of rehabilitation or drug therapy for urgency urinary incontinence: 1-year follow-up. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(7):1181–9. doi: 10.1007/s00192-012-1992-8.
  33. Hein JT, Rieck TM, Dunfee HA, Johnson DP, Ferguson JA, Rhodes DJ. Effect of a 12-week pilates pelvic floor-strengthening program on short-term measures of stress urinary incontinence in women: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2020;26(2):158–61. doi: 10.1089/acm.2019.0330.
  34. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A-G. Statistical power analyses using G*power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149–60. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149.
  35. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge; 2013..
  36. Pavithralochani V, Thangavignesh R, Saranya P, Ramanathan K. Efficacy of kegel’s exercise vs pilates in subject with urinary incontinence during pregnancy. RJPT. 2019;12(12):5943–6. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.01031.X.
  37. Gonzaga S, de Oliveira RG, Dutra LL, Oliveira LS, de Oliveira LC. Comparative analysis of pelvic floor muscle training and Pilates in managing urinary incontinence among postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2024;35(3):561–9. doi: 10.1007/s00192-023-05712-0.
  38. Yuan Z, Cao L, Liu J, Wang W, Liu X, Li Y, et al. Postoperative PFME versus PFME alone for moderate SUI in pre-menopause women and influencing factors: a comparative effectiveness study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024;310(3):1749–55. doi: 10.1007/s00404-024-07657-1.
  39. Nambiar AK, Arlandis S, Bø K, Cobussen-Boekhorst H, Costantini E, de Heide M, et al. European association of urology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of female non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms. Part 1: diagnostics, overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence, and mixed urinary incontinence. Eur Urol. 2022;82(1):49–59. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.01.045.
  40. Kloubec J. Pilates: how does it work and who needs it? Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2011;1(2):61–6..
  41. Duncanson E. Cultivating a sustainable core: a framework integrating body, mind, and breath into musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Singing Dragon; 2023..
  42. Lewis O. Core: a science-backed approach to exercising and understanding our central anatomy. North Atlantic Books; 2024..
  43. Tian Z, Wang X, Fu L, Du Z, Lin T, Chen W, et al. The effect of home-based behavioural weight loss combined with pelvic floor muscle training in women seeking weight loss combined with stress urinary incontinence: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2025;15(3):e092789. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092789.
  44. Rodríguez-López ES, Martín-Márquez LM, Acevedo-Gómez MB, López-Illescas Á, Benito-de-Pedro M, Ojedo-Martín C. Which positions optimize pelvic floor activation in female athletes? Life (Basel). 2025;15(1). doi: 10.3390/life15010058.
  45. Saleem M, Hassan Z, Azfar Khurshid MK, Latif W. Effects of modified pilates on incontinence severity and quality of life in females with urinary incontinence. PJMHS. 2022;16(08):107. doi: 10.53350/pjmhs22168107.
  46. Park S, Nam KE, Lee K. Utilizing pilates to improve respiratory function in breast cancer survivors. Korean J Sports Med. 2024;42(2):86–98. doi: 10.5763/kjsm.2024.42.2.86.
  47. Tarnas M, Marszałek A, Kufel-Grabowska J, Marszałek S, Wieliński D, Zieliński J. Effects of pilates training on cardiorespiratory functions in medical conditions-comprehensive approach: a narrative review. Aging Dis. 2024;15(4):1771. doi: 10.14336/AD.2023.0929.
  48. Giacomini MB, da Silva AMV, Weber LM, Monteiro MB. The pilates method increases respiratory muscle strength and performance as well as abdominal muscle thickness. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016;20(2):258–64. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.11.003.
  49. Maki N, Sakamoto H, Takata Y, Kobayashi N, Kikuchi S, Goto Y, et al. Effect of respiratory rehabilitation for frail older patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a randomized controlled trial. JRM. 2018;50(10):908–13. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2490.
  50. Alrajhi NS, Albarrati A, Aldhahi MI, Gwada RFM. Influence of urinary incontinence related factors on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2025;20:1881–92. doi: 10.2147/copd.S515494.
  51. Alam F, Akter F, Parvez N. A patient with urinary incontinence and pelvic floor weakness managed by pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercise. Recent Adv Clin Trials. 2021;1(1):1–4. doi: 10.33425/2771-9057.1002.
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 15
Submitted on: Aug 1, 2025
Accepted on: Nov 7, 2025
Published on: Mar 31, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Rana Ayman Abd El-Fatah Ali et al., published by Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.