Figure 1.
Study flowchart
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between the studied groups
| Variables | Total (n = 60) | Group A (n = 30) | Group B (n = 30) | t/χ2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54.08 ± 2.52 (50–60) | 54.27 ± 2.70 (50–60) | 53.90 ± 2.35 (50–58) | −0.560 | 0.577 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 55.12 ± 12.11 (35–75) | 53.37 ± 12.51 | 56.87 ± 11.66 | 1.121 | 0.267 |
| UI (1 hour) | 30.90 ± 15.56 | 31.20 ± 17.41 | 30.60 ± 13.75 | −0.148 | 0.883 |
| UI (24 hours) | 56.02 ± 19.87 | 57.60 ± 23.64 | 54.43 ± 15.46 | −0.614 | 0.542 |
| ISI | 8.20 ± 2.69 | 7.97 ± 2.95 | 8.43 ± 2.42 | 0.670 | 0.506 |
| CSS | 3.88 ± 0.67 | 3.80 ± 0.71 | 3.97 ± 0.61 | 0.968 | 0.337 |
| CSQ | 11.55 ± 2.27 | 12.03 ± 2.24 | 11.07 ± 2.24 | −1.672 | 0.100 |
| I-QOL | 44.18 ± 10.77 | 43.73 ± 10.88 | 44.63 ± 10.83 | 0.321 | 0.749 |
Table 2.
Comparison of UI at 1-hour and 24-hour pad test and ISI pre- and post-intervention between the two groups
| Variables | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | MD (95%CI) | % of change | p-valuea | Time × Group interaction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | p-valuec | η2 | ||||||
| UI 1 hour | ||||||||
| Group A (n = 30) | 31.20 ± 17.41 | 15.90 ± 8.37 | −15.30 (−22.78, −7.82) | 49.04 | <0.001** | 4.508 | 0.038* | 0.072 |
| Group B (n = 30) | 30.60 ± 13.75 | 6.07 ± 2.42 | −24.53 (−29.35, −19.71) | 80.16 | <0.001** | |||
| p-valueb | 0.883 | <0.001** | ||||||
| UI 24 hour | ||||||||
| Group A (n = 30) | 57.60 ± 23.64 | 40.97 ± 18.14 | −16.63 (−25.63, −7.64) | 28.87 | <0.001** | 12.240 | 0.001** | 0.174 |
| Group B (n = 30) | 54.43 ± 15.46 | 18.23 ± 7.70 | −36.20 (−40.75, −31.65) | 66.51 | <0.001** | |||
| p-valueb | 0.542 | <0.001** | ||||||
| ISI | ||||||||
| Group A (n = 30) | 7.97 ± 2.95 | 4.90 ± 2.06 | −3.07 (−3.83, −2.30) | 38.52 | <0.001** | 18.897 | <0.001** | 0.246 |
| Group B (n = 30) | 8.43 ± 2.42 | 3.10 ± 1.47 | −5.33 (−6.08, −4.59) | 63.23 | <0.001** | |||
| p-valueb | 0.506 | <0.001** | ||||||
CI - confidence interval, CSQ - cough symptoms questionnaire, CSS - cough symptom score, I-QOL - incontinence quality of life questionnaire, ISI - incontinence severity index, MD - mean difference (Post-Pre), UI - urinary incontinence.
Table 3.
Comparison of CSS, CSQ and I-QOL pre- and post-intervention between the two groups
| Variables | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | MD (95%CI) | % of change | p-valuea | Time × group interaction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | p-valuec | η2 | ||||||
| CSS | ||||||||
| Group A (n = 30) | 3.80 ± 0.71 | 2.10 ± 0.80 | −1.70 (−1.98, −1.42) | 44.74 | <0.001** | 27.475 | <0.001** | 0.321 |
| Group B (n = 30) | 3.97 ± 0.61 | 1.03 ± 0.72 | −2.93 (−3.32, −2.54) | 74.06 | <0.001** | |||
| p-valueb | 0.337 | < 0.001** | ||||||
| CSQ | ||||||||
| Group A (n = 30) | 12.03 ± 2.24 | 14.60 ± 1.71 | 2.57 (2.02, 3.11) | 21.36 | <0.001** | 268.748 | <0.001** | 0.822 |
| Group B (n = 30) | 11.07 ± 2.24 | 43.90 ± 9.39 | 32.83 (29.10, 36.57) | 296.57 | <0.001** | |||
| p-valueb | 0.100 | <0.001** | ||||||
| I-QOL | ||||||||
| Group A (n = 30) | 43.73 ± 10.88 | 64.10 ± 7.96 | 20.37 (16.68, 24.06) | 46.58 | <0.001** | 12.736 | <0.001** | 0.180 |
| Group B (n = 30) | 44.63 ± 10.83 | 73.93 ± 6.98 | 29.30 (25.75–32.85) | 65.65 | <0.001** | |||
| p-valueb | 0.749 | <0.001** | ||||||
CI - confidence interval, CSQ - cough symptoms questionnaire, CSS - cough symptom score, MD - mean difference (Post-Pre), I-QOL - incontinence quality of life questionnaire.