Pelvic floor exercises versus Pilates on urinary incontinence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Variables	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	MD (95%CI)	% of change	p-value^a	Time × Group interaction
Variables	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	MD (95%CI)	% of change	p-value^a	F	p-value^c	η²
UI 1 hour
Group A (n = 30)	31.20 ± 17.41	15.90 ± 8.37	−15.30 (−22.78, −7.82)	49.04	<0.001^**	4.508	0.038^*	0.072
Group B (n = 30)	30.60 ± 13.75	6.07 ± 2.42	−24.53 (−29.35, −19.71)	80.16	<0.001^**	4.508	0.038^*	0.072
p-value^b	0.883	<0.001^**
UI 24 hour
Group A (n = 30)	57.60 ± 23.64	40.97 ± 18.14	−16.63 (−25.63, −7.64)	28.87	<0.001^**	12.240	0.001^**	0.174
Group B (n = 30)	54.43 ± 15.46	18.23 ± 7.70	−36.20 (−40.75, −31.65)	66.51	<0.001^**	12.240	0.001^**	0.174
p-value^b	0.542	<0.001^**
ISI
Group A (n = 30)	7.97 ± 2.95	4.90 ± 2.06	−3.07 (−3.83, −2.30)	38.52	<0.001^**	18.897	<0.001^**	0.246
Group B (n = 30)	8.43 ± 2.42	3.10 ± 1.47	−5.33 (−6.08, −4.59)	63.23	<0.001^**	18.897	<0.001^**	0.246
p-value^b	0.506	<0.001^**

Baseline characteristics between the studied groups

Variables	Total (n = 60)	Group A (n = 30)	Group B (n = 30)	t/χ²	p-value
Age (years)	54.08 ± 2.52 (50–60)	54.27 ± 2.70 (50–60)	53.90 ± 2.35 (50–58)	−0.560	0.577
FEV₁ (% predicted)	55.12 ± 12.11 (35–75)	53.37 ± 12.51	56.87 ± 11.66	1.121	0.267
UI (1 hour)	30.90 ± 15.56	31.20 ± 17.41	30.60 ± 13.75	−0.148	0.883
UI (24 hours)	56.02 ± 19.87	57.60 ± 23.64	54.43 ± 15.46	−0.614	0.542
ISI	8.20 ± 2.69	7.97 ± 2.95	8.43 ± 2.42	0.670	0.506
CSS	3.88 ± 0.67	3.80 ± 0.71	3.97 ± 0.61	0.968	0.337
CSQ	11.55 ± 2.27	12.03 ± 2.24	11.07 ± 2.24	−1.672	0.100
I-QOL	44.18 ± 10.77	43.73 ± 10.88	44.63 ± 10.83	0.321	0.749

Comparison of CSS, CSQ and I-QOL pre- and post-intervention between the two groups

Variables	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	MD (95%CI)	% of change	p-value^a	Time × group interaction
Variables	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	MD (95%CI)	% of change	p-value^a	F	p-value^c	η²
CSS
Group A (n = 30)	3.80 ± 0.71	2.10 ± 0.80	−1.70 (−1.98, −1.42)	44.74	<0.001^**	27.475	<0.001^**	0.321
Group B (n = 30)	3.97 ± 0.61	1.03 ± 0.72	−2.93 (−3.32, −2.54)	74.06	<0.001^**	27.475	<0.001^**	0.321
p-value^b	0.337	< 0.001^**
CSQ
Group A (n = 30)	12.03 ± 2.24	14.60 ± 1.71	2.57 (2.02, 3.11)	21.36	<0.001^**	268.748	<0.001^**	0.822
Group B (n = 30)	11.07 ± 2.24	43.90 ± 9.39	32.83 (29.10, 36.57)	296.57	<0.001^**	268.748	<0.001^**	0.822
p-value^b	0.100	<0.001^**
I-QOL
Group A (n = 30)	43.73 ± 10.88	64.10 ± 7.96	20.37 (16.68, 24.06)	46.58	<0.001^**	12.736	<0.001^**	0.180
Group B (n = 30)	44.63 ± 10.83	73.93 ± 6.98	29.30 (25.75–32.85)	65.65	<0.001^**
p-value^b	0.749	<0.001^**

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/advrehab-2026-0001 | Journal eISSN: 1734-4948

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 15

Submitted on: Aug 1, 2025

Accepted on: Nov 7, 2025

Published on: Mar 31, 2026

Published by: University of Physical Education in Warsaw

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

quality of life,

COPD,

Pilates,

urinary incontinence,

pelvic floor exercises

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Physical and rehabilitation medicine,

Rheumatology,

Cardiology,

Sports and recreation,

Sports and recreation, other

© 2026 Rana Ayman Abd El-Fatah Ali et al., published by Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Volume 40 (2026): Issue 1 (March 2026)

Pelvic floor exercises versus Pilates on urinary incontinence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Comparison of UI at 1-hour and 24-hour pad test and ISI pre- and post-intervention between the two groups

Baseline characteristics between the studied groups

Comparison of CSS, CSQ and I-QOL pre- and post-intervention between the two groups

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