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A new approach for assessing landslide vulnerability at the urban scale: the case of the city of Constantine, Algeria Cover

A new approach for assessing landslide vulnerability at the urban scale: the case of the city of Constantine, Algeria

By: Mohamed Bouaoud and  Samy Mezhoud  
Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1.

Geographical location of the city of Constantine
Source: own work based on Bourenane and Bouhadad (2021).
Geographical location of the city of Constantine Source: own work based on Bourenane and Bouhadad (2021).

FIGURE 2.

Altimetry and slope maps of the city of Constantine
Source: Bourenane et al. (2015).
Altimetry and slope maps of the city of Constantine Source: Bourenane et al. (2015).

FIGURE 3.

Constantine hydrographic network
Source: own work based on Mezhoud and Benazzouz (2018), Samy et al. (2019).
Constantine hydrographic network Source: own work based on Mezhoud and Benazzouz (2018), Samy et al. (2019).

FIGURE 4.

Precipitation in Constantine in 1975‒2017
Source: ONM (2024).
Precipitation in Constantine in 1975‒2017 Source: ONM (2024).

FIGURE 5.

Constantine geomorphology
Source: Geological survey; Bougdal-Belhai; USTHB-FST-GAT-DUC Constantine (2002).
Constantine geomorphology Source: Geological survey; Bougdal-Belhai; USTHB-FST-GAT-DUC Constantine (2002).

FIGURE 6.

Hierarchy of the different factors influencing landslide vulnerability
Source: own work.
Hierarchy of the different factors influencing landslide vulnerability Source: own work.

FIGURE 7.

Slopes in Constantine
Source: own work.
Slopes in Constantine Source: own work.

FIGURE 8.

River influence on slope stability
Source: Bourenane et al. (2015).
River influence on slope stability Source: Bourenane et al. (2015).

FIGURE 9.

Spatial distribution of the average annual rainfall in 1980–2012 in the city of Constantine
Source: Bourenane et al. (2014).
Spatial distribution of the average annual rainfall in 1980–2012 in the city of Constantine Source: Bourenane et al. (2014).

FIGURE 10.

Types of soil in Constantine
Source: own work.
Types of soil in Constantine Source: own work.

FIGURE 11.

Density of dwellings in the municipality of Constantine
Source: own work.
Density of dwellings in the municipality of Constantine Source: own work.

FIGURE 12.

Landslide vulnerability of the city of Constantine
Source: own work.
Landslide vulnerability of the city of Constantine Source: own work.

Classification according to the rainfall parameter

Index (RI1) = 1Index (RI2) = 2Index (RI3) = 3
rainfall intensity < 50 mmrainfall intensity between 50 and 100 mm / 24 hoursrainfall intensity > 100 mm / 24 hours
low riskmedium riskhigh risk
greenorangered

Classification according to the slope of the land parameter

Index (SLI1) = 1Index (SLI2) = 2Index (SLI3) = 3
slope <15%slope between 15% and 45%slope >45%
low riskmedium riskhigh risk
greenorangered

Classification according to the distance from watercourses parameter

Index (HI1) = 1Index (HI2) = 2Index (HI3) = 3
distance from watercourses more than 100 mdistance from watercourses between 50‒100 mdistance from watercourses less than 50 m
low riskmedium riskhigh risk
greenorangered

Classification according to soil type

Degree of risk of indices (SI)SI1 = 1SI2 = 2SI3 = 3
Ground instabilitylowmediumhigh
Soil quality for constructiongoodmediumbad
Colorgreenorangered

Classification of the housing density index in the city of Constantine

Index (CDI) dwelling(CDI1) = 1(CDI2) = 2(CDI3) = 3
Number of homes per 1 ha50‒100100‒200>200
Degree of riskmediumhighvery high
Color of riskyelloworangered
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.10432 | Journal eISSN: 2543-7496 | Journal ISSN: 1732-9353
Language: English
Page range: 241 - 260
Submitted on: May 7, 2025
Accepted on: Jul 21, 2025
Published on: Sep 30, 2025
Published by: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2025 Mohamed Bouaoud, Samy Mezhoud, published by Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.