Non-linear seismic response for liquefaction analysis: pore water pressure and strain ratio approach

The liquefaction analysis in infrastructure projects is crucial as a preventive action for damage, especially in Indonesia, an earthquake-prone country. A wide range of liquefaction analyses is usually applied in Indonesia, such as non-linear analysis to generate the pore water pressure ratio (r_u) to assess the potential of liquefaction. However, this approach does not fully present the complex behavior of layered soil in the soil-effective stress framework. The shear strain ratio is important for offering a comprehensive understanding of soil liquefaction analysis. This research aims to examine the combination of r_u and shear strain ratio to assess liquefaction in layered ground. The DEEPSOIL program is used to generate the dynamic properties in each layer. The results show a strong correlation between the r_u and strain ratio in each depth and borehole. However, they have diverse values in connection with the period of the ground motion approach. As a result, the evaluation and combining approach in the non-linear seismic response analysis of the three boreholes indicates a full liquefaction condition at a particular depth.