Diversity and seasonal fluctuation of tylenchid plant-parasitic nematodes in association with alfalfa in the Kerman Province (Iran)

List of the localities sampled in the Kerman Province of Iran for the presence of nematodes, physical and chemical characteristics of the soils as well as rainfall and temperature data.

		Chemical soil characteristics				Temperature (°C) for the sampling period
County	GPS coordinates	pH	EC (mhos/cm)	Soil type	Mean rainfall (mm) for the study period	Minimum	Maximum
Bam	N29°06′22″; E58°21′25″	7.53 ± 0.06	1.74 ± 0.2	Sandy	74	17	29
Bardsir	N29°55′39″; E56°34′20″	7.59 ± 0.08	2.97 ± 0.7	Sandy-loam	148	3	26
Jiroft	N28°40′41″; E 57°44′26″	7.53 ± 0.02	1.64 ± 0.06	Sandy-loam	155	17	33
Rabor	N29°17′28″; E56°54′47″	7.51 ± 0.03	2.04 ± 0.08	Sandy-loam	243	1	24
Rigan	N28°38′58″; E59°1′15″	7.59 ± 0.05	1.86 ± 0.04	Sandy	55	19	34

1 EC and pH data obtained from 20 samples per field ±SE. Mean of rainfall and temperature obtained from Hashemi Nasab Khabisi et al. (2013) and Kavian et al. (2016).

A map of the Kerman Province of Iran showing the five counties (indicated with black circles) where nematode samples were collected during four consecutive seasons during the 2013 seasons.

(A-K) Prominence, mean population densities and occurrence of 11 plant-parasitic nematode species identified from the bulk soil of alfalfa plants in five counties during four consecutive seasons (Autumn; Winter; Spring; Summer) in the Kerman Province of Iran.

Table 2.

MANOVA of effect of the locality and season on nematode community using SPSS 24.

Source	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Corrected model	596,437.917^a	19	31,391.469	423.827	0.000
Intercept	3827,900.417	1	3827,900.417	51,681.824	0.000
Location	45,860.167	4	11,465.042	154.794	0.000
Season	166,211.917	3	55,403.972	748.028	0.000
Location × Season	384,365.833	12	32,030.486	432.455	0.000
Error	2,962.667	40	74.067
Total	4427,301.000	60
Corrected Total	599,400.583	59

1 ^a R ²=0.995 (Adjusted R ²=0.993).

Table 3.

Prominence values (PV), mean population density (MPD) and frequency of occurrence (FO) (%) of plant-parasitic nematode species that were identified in association with alfalfa in five counties in the Kerman Province of Iran during four consecutive seasons (Fall, Winter, Spring and Summer) of 2013.

	Bam			Rabor			Rigan			Bardsir			Jiroft
Species	PV	MPD	FO (%)	PV	MPD	FO (%)	PV	MPD	FO (%)	PV	MPD	FO (%)	PV	MPD	FO (%)
Ditylenchus spp.^a
Season 1	43	48	80	30	30	100	60	60	100	19	21	83	366	366	100
Season 2	94	94	100	103	103	100	120	120	100	59	65	83	344	344	100
Season 3	83	93	80	53	53	100	137	137	100	95	95	100	107	107	100
Season 4	71	79	80	72	72	100	36	36	100	76	76	100	8	11	50
H. pseudorobustus
Season 1	29	32	80	16	18	75	29	32	80	64	64	100	2	3	25
Season 2	40	64	40	29	29	100	21	27	60	81	81	100	2	3	25
Season 3	2	4	20	31	31	100	60	78	60	59	84	50	3	4	50
Season 4	7	11	40	33	38	75	1	3	20	3	5	33	3	4	50
P. neglectus
Season 1	1	3	20	4	5	75	23	36	40	18	25	50	0	0	0
Season 2	5	8	40	31	36	75	4	7	40	17	24	50	0	0	0
Season 3	0	0	0	4	6	50	2	4	20	4	6	50	0	0	0
Season 4	0	0	0	78	90	75	0	0	0	109	120	83	0	0	0
M. javanica
Season 1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 2	25	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 3	13	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	34	68	25
Season 4	13	30	20	3	6	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
M. brevidens
Season 1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	5	40	10	25	16	4	7	25
Season 2	15	35	20	120	120	100	3	4	40	10	25	16	4	7	25
Season 3	0	0	0	4	7	25	1	3	20	10	25	16	2	4	25
Season 4	2	5	20	2	4	25	0	0	0	10	25	16	0	0	0
A. globigerus
Season 1	5	6	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.5	1	16	2	3	25
Season 2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	6	33	2	3	25
Season 3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	69	33	0	0	0
Season 4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	11	20	33	0	0	0
Aphelenchoides sp.
Season 1	1	1	80	7	7	100	3	4	60	1	1	83	1	2	50
Season 2	11	12	80	4	4	100	1	2	60	1	1	83	1	2	50
Season 3	4	4	80	7	7	100	15	15	100	12	14	83	2	3	75
Season 4	4	4	80	5	5	100	7	8	80	5	7	50	13	13	100
Paratylenchus sp.
Season 1	0.5	1	20	4	5	75	13	17	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 2	0	0	0	28	40	50	3	5	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	16	0	0	0
S. rugosus
Season 1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 2	6	14	20	0	0	0	4	6	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 3	21	27	60	0	0	0	3	6	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 4	3	7	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
N. minor
Season 1	5	6	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 3	1	2	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 4	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	23	20	0.5	1	16	0	0	0
Rotylenchus sp.
Season 1	0.5	1	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 2	2	3	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 3	1	2	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Season 4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

1 ^aincluding D. acutus, D. myceliophagus, D. terricolus and D. sarvarae.

Table 4.

Prominence values (PV), mean population density (MPD) and frequency of occurrence (FO) (%) of plant-parasitic nematode species identified in association with alfalfa pooled for five counties in the Kerman Province of Iran and the four consecutive seasons (Fall, Winter, Spring and Summer) of 2013.

Nematode species	Prominence value (PV)	Mean population density (MPD)	Frequency of occurrence (FO: %)
Ditylenchus spp.	89	93	92
Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus	18	24	59
Pratylenchus neglectus	18	30	34
Meloidogyne javanica	10	41	6
Merlinius brevidens	8	18	21
Amplimerlinius globigerus	6	18	12
Aphelenchoides sp.	4	6	41
Paratylenchus sp.	3	8	16
Scutylenchus rugosus	3	12	7
Nanidorus minor	2	6	11
Rotylenchus sp.	1	3	7

Table 5.

Nematode community indices for the five counties sampled during four consecutive seasons in the Kerman Province of Iran during 2013.

County	Shannon index (H’)	Evenness index
Bam	2.4 ± 0.02	0.83 ± 0.02
Bardsir	2.2 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.03
Jiroft	1.0 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.01
Rabor	2.1 ± 0.02	0.74 ± 0.02
Rigan	2.1 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.02

1 Ranges are mean±standard error.

Table 6.

Correlation data for pH and electrical conductivity (EC) and plant-parasitic nematode species^a identified in association with alfalfa from five counties in the Kerman Province of Iran during 2013.

	Helicoty-lenchus	Dityle-nchus	Amplim-erlinius	Pratyle-nchus	Aphelen-choides	Rotyle-nchus	Nani-dorus	Paratyl-enchus	Scutyle-nchus	Merli-nius	Meloid-ogyne	pH	EC
Helicotylenchus	1	−0.334	0.838	0.764	0.941*	0.111	−0.156	−0.101	−0.045	−0.114	−0.528	0.1	0.885*
Ditylenchus	−0.334	1	0.122	−0.318	−0.113	−0.689	0.212	−0.638	−0.341	−0.58	0.259	0.282	−0.06
Amplimerlinius	0.838	0.122	1	0.783	0.872	0	−0.388	−0.355	−0.295	−0.15	−0.361	0.236	0.972**
Pratylenchus	0.764	−0.318	0.783	1	0.799	0.276	−0.584	0.294	−0.501	0.426	−0.674	0.44	0.902*
Aphelenchoides	0.941*	−0.113	0.872	0.799	1	−0.159	−0.067	−0.069	−0.349	−0.171	−0.7	0.411	0.917*
Rotylenchus	0.111	−0.689	0	0.276	−0.159	1	−0.747	0.274	0.433	0.703	0.287	−0.571	0.083
Nanidorus	−0.156	0.212	−0.388	−0.584	−0.067	−0.747	1	−0.143	0.139	−0.706	−0.104	0.097	−0.435
Paratylenchus	−0.101	−0.638	−0.355	0.294	−0.069	0.274	−0.143	1	−0.359	0.781	−0.568	0.398	−0.128
Scutylenchus	−0.045	−0.341	−0.295	−0.501	−0.349	0.433	0.139	−0.359	1	−0.253	0.688	−0.964**	−0.368
Merlinius	−0.114	−0.58	−0.15	0.426	−0.171	0.703	−0.706	0.781	−0.235	1	−0.194	0.108	0.027
Meloidogyne	−0.528	0.259	−0.361	−0.674	−0.7	0.287	−0.104	−0.568	0.688	−0.194	1	−0.802	−0.522
pH	0.1	0.282	0.236	0.44	0.411	−0.571	0.097	0.398	−0.964**	0.108	−0.802	1	0.322
EC (mhos/cm)	0.885*	−0.06	0.972**	0.902*	0.917*	0.083	−0.435	−0.128	−0.368	0.027	−0.522	0.322	1

1 ^aThe species including H. pseudorobustus; Ditylenchus spp. (D. acutus, D. myceliophagus; D. terricolus, D. sarvarae); A. globigerus; P. neglectus; N. minor; S. rugusous; M. javanica; Aphelenchoides sp.; Rotylenchus sp. and Paratylenchus sp. * = 95%, ** = 99%

Correlation of the temperature, rainfall, pH and EC on the diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes for the counties (Bam, Rabor, Rigan, Bardsir and Jiroft) using principal component analysis (PCA).

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-074 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 14

Submitted on: Apr 1, 2019

Published online: Dec 4, 2019

Published in print: Jan 1, 2019

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Biodiversity,

Nematode,

Seasonal distribution

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2019 Ebrahim Shokoohi, Phatu William Mashela, Fahimeh Iranpour, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 51 (2019): Issue 1 (January 2019)

Diversity and seasonal fluctuation of tylenchid plant-parasitic nematodes in association with alfalfa in the Kerman Province (Iran)

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Table 6.

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