Figure 1
Timeline of early COVID-19 pandemic developments.
Figure 2
Example of a triad included in the data collection instrument.
Figure 3
Example of a dyad included in the data collection instrument.
Table 1
Triads and dyads used in the SenseMaker signification framework (i.e., data collection instrument), including the thriving concepts from Tobias (2004) and Schreiner (2013) that informed each question.
| TYPE | PROMPT | ANCHORS | THRIVING CONCEPT(S) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Triad | This story was about… | Struggle, Opportunity, Progress | Thriving (overarching concept) + Accountability (sub-feature) |
| What was valued in this story was… | Willingness to experiment, Grit and perseverance, Planning and efficiency | Initiative, Investment, and Discipline | |
| Actions were in the story were motivated by… | Expectations of others, Self-care, Rational decision-making | Autonomy | |
| The decisions that were made in this story were influenced by… | Intuition, Self-reflection, Feedback from others | Openness/Reflectiveness | |
| The experience I shared influenced impacted my (or the person in the story’s) sense of… | Confidence, Purpose, Belonging | Internal alignment and Alignment with others | |
| Thinking about the future, this story encourages me to… | Embrace risk, Be willing to adapt, Have a “can do” attitude. | Initiative and Flexibility | |
| Dyad | In this story I (or the person in my story) decided… | To put myself first – my interests are most important ↔ To put others first – my own interests aren’t important | Sense of community – interdependence, shared goals |
| In this story, people in positions of power treated others … | With complete indifference and/or lack of respect ↔ By praising them without end | Sense of community – voice and contribution, mattering to the institution |
Figure 4
Snapshot of SenseMaker’s data analyst software.
Table 2
How participants felt about their experiences on a five-point Likert scale from Extremely Negative to Extremely Positive. Each whole person icon represents two participants. The appendix includes a numerical version of this table.
| UNDERGRADUATE | GRADUATE | FACULTY | STAFF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extremely Positive |  |  |  | |
| Positive |  |  |  | |
| Neutral |  |  |  | |
| Negative |  |  |  |  |
| Extremely Negative |  |  |
Table 3
Results of linear regression tests between each dyad/triad dimension and emotional tone of participants’ stories. Slope estimate indicates how much the rating for a given dimension would change, on average, for each subsequently more positive emotional tone rating (significant dimensions are bolded).
| TRIAD | DIMENSION | SLOPE ESTIMATE | SIGNIFICANCE (P) |
|---|---|---|---|
| This story was about… | Opportunity | +9.25 | <0.001 |
| Struggle | –16.56 | <0.001 | |
| Progress | +7.31 | <0.001 | |
| What was valued in this story was… | Grit & Perseverance | –6.53 | 0.005 |
| Willingness to Experiment | +8.16 | <0.001 | |
| Planning and Efficiency | –1.63 | 0.47 | |
| Actions were in the story were motivated by… | Rational Decision Making | +3.13 | 0.12 |
| Expectations | –1.56 | 0.51 | |
| Self-Care | –1.56 | 0.51 | |
| The decisions that were made in this story were influenced by… | Self-Reflection | –4.89 | 0.03 |
| Intuition | +0.04 | 0.98 | |
| Feedback | +4.84 | 0.04 | |
| The experience I shared influenced impacted my (or the person in the story’s) sense of… | Purpose | +2.15 | 0.34 |
| Confidence | –0.75 | 0.73 | |
| Belonging | –1.40 | 0.52 | |
| Thinking about the future, this story encourages me to… | Embrace risk | +1.50 | 0.24 |
| Be willing to adapt | –1.61 | 0.49 | |
| Have a “can-do” attitude | +0.11 | 0.96 | |
| DYAD | DIMENSION | SLOPE ESTIMATE | SIGNIFICANCE (P) |
| In this story I (or the person in my story) decided… | Put myself first ↔ Put others first (High = Put others first) | +10.22 | <0.001 |
| In this story, people in positions of power treated others … | Lack of respect ↔ Praise without end(High = Praise without end) | +17.11 | <0.001 |
Table 4
Results of MANOVA/ANOVA tests identifying differences between faculty and student ratings along each dyad and triad. A positive difference in means indicates faculty had higher ratings than students (on average), and vice versa.
| TRIAD (INCLUDING MANOVA SIGNIFICANCE) | DIMENSION | DIFFERENCE IN MEANS (FACULTY – STUDENT) | SIGNIFICANCE (P) |
|---|---|---|---|
| This story was about… (p = 0.004) | Opportunity | +13.59 | 0.005 |
| Struggle | –16.22 | 0.03 | |
| Progress | +2.63 | 0.54 | |
| What was valued in this story was… (p = 0.02) | Grit & Perseverance | –0.59 | 0.93 |
| Willingness to Experiment | +14.49 | 0.02 | |
| Planning and Efficiency | –13.90 | 0.03 | |
| Actions were in the story were motivated by…(p = 0.27) | Rational Decision Making | MANOVA not significant | |
| Expectations | MANOVA not significant | ||
| Self-Care | MANOVA not significant | ||
| The decisions that were made in this story were influenced by…(p = 0.06) | Self-Reflection | MANOVA not significant | |
| Intuition | MANOVA not significant | ||
| Feedback | MANOVA not significant | ||
| The experience I shared influenced impacted my (or the person in the story’s) sense of…(p = 0.08) | Purpose | MANOVA not significant | |
| Confidence | MANOVA not significant | ||
| Belonging | MANOVA not significant | ||
| Thinking about the future, this story encourages me to… (p = 0.02) | Embrace risk | +2.14 | 0.55 |
| Be willing to adapt | +12.08 | 0.06 | |
| Have a “can-do” attitude | –14.22 | 0.02 | |
| DYAD | DIMENSION | DIFFERENCE IN MEANS (FACULTY – STUDENT) | SIGNIFICANCE (P) |
| In this story I (or the person in my story) decided… | Put myself first ↔ Put others first (High = Put others first) | +14.17 | <0.001 |
| In this story, people in positions of power treated others … | Lack of respect ↔ Praise without end (High = Praise without end) | +37.27 | <0.001 |
Figure 5
Triad results for the prompt “This story was about…” for positive-leaning (left) and negative-leaning (right) stories. Each data point represents one story.
Figure 6
Triad results for the prompt “What was valued in my story was…” for positive-leaning (left) and negative-leaning (right) stories. Each data point represents one story.
Figure 7
Relationship between People in Power (PP) score and emotional tone rating.
Figure 8
Relationship between Putting Others First (POF) score and emotional tone rating.
| UNDERGRADUATE | GRADUATE | FACULTY | STAFF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extremely Positive | 5 | 3 | 9 | 1 |
| Positive | 4 | – | 6 | 1 |
| Neutral | 4 | 5 | 4 | – |
| Negative | 13 | 3 | 4 | 1 |
| Extremely Negative | 5 | 3 | – | – |