Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Geodiversity Assessment of Shkodra Municipality, Albania Cover

Geodiversity Assessment of Shkodra Municipality, Albania

Open Access
|Dec 2025

References

  1. Albert G., Kraja D., 2025. Geodiversity and land cover diversity from coast to mountains in Northern Albania. Moravian Geographical Reports 33(1): 56–67. DOI 10.2478/mgr-2025-0005.
  2. Almulla Y., Zaimi K., Fejzić E., Sridharan V., De Strasser L., Gardumi F., 2023. Hydropower and climate change, insights from the integrated water-energy modelling of the Drin Basin. Energy Strategy Reviews 48: 101098. DOI 10.1016/j.esr.2023.101098.
  3. Bétard F., Peulvast J.-P., 2019. Geodiversity hotspots: Concept, method and cartographic application for geoconservation purposes at a regional scale. Environmental Management 63(6): 822–834. DOI 10.1007/s00267-019-01168-5.
  4. Biermanns P., Schmitz B., Ustaszewski K., Reicherter K., 2019. Tectonic geomorphology and quaternary landscape development in the Albania – Montenegro border region: An inventory. Geomorphology 326: 116–131. DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.014.
  5. Braholli, E., Jashiku, E., Menkshi, E., 2023. Assessment of the geoheritage of Prespa National Park in Albania for the development of geotourism. ICNSMT 2023 Proceedings Book: 47–56.
  6. Braholli, E., Menkshi, E., 2021. Geotourism Potentials of Geosites in Durrës Municipality, Albania. Quaestiones Geographicae 40(1), 63–73. DOI 10.2478/quageo-2021-0005.
  7. Carrión-Mero P., Dueñas-Tovar J., Jaya-Montalvo M., Berrezueta E., Jiménez-Orellana N., 2022. Geodiversity assessment to regional scale: Ecuador as a case study. Environmental Science & Policy 136: 167–186. DOI 10.1016/j.envsci.2022.06.009.
  8. Catana M.M., Brilha J.B., 2020. The role of UNESCO global geoparks in promoting geosciences education for sustainability. Geoheritage 12(1): DOI 10.1007/s12371-020-00440-z.
  9. Dias M.C.S.S., Domingos J.O., Dos Santos Costa S.S., Do Nascimento M.A.L., Da Silva M.L.N., Granjeiro L.P., De Lima Miranda R.F., 2021. Geodiversity index map of Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeast Brazil: Cartography and quantitative assessment. Geoheritage 13(1): DOI 10.1007/s12371-021-00532-4.
  10. Dilek Y., Shallo M., Furnes H., 2005. Rift-drift, seafloor spreading, and subduction tectonics of Albanian ophiolites. International Geology Review 47(2): 147–176. DOI 10.2747/0020-6814.47.2.147.
  11. Dollma M., 2019. Geotourism potential of Thethi National Park (Albania). International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks 7(2): 85–90. DOI 10.1016/j.ijgeop.2019.05.002.
  12. Fanelli G., De Sanctis M., Gjeta E., Mullaj A., Attorre F., 2015. The vegetation of the Buna River protected landscape (Albania). Hacquetia 14(2): 129–174. DOI 10.1515/hacq-2015-0008.
  13. Gaetani M., Meço S., Rettori R., Henderson C.M., Tulone A., 2015. The Permian and Triassic in the Albanian Alps. Acta Geologica Polonica 65(3): 271–295. DOI 10.1515/agp-2015-0012.
  14. Gawlick H.-J., Schlagintweit F., 2019. Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic shallow-water carbonates north of Lake Shkodra (NW Albania, Albanian Alps Zone): Part of the Adriatic carbonate platform basement. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 15(1): 3–12. DOI 10.35463/j.apr.2019.01.01.
  15. Gordon, J.E., Bailey, J.J., Larwood, J.G., 2022. Conserving nature’s stage provides a foundation for safeguarding both geodiversity and biodiversity in protected and conserved areas. Parks Stewardship Forum, 38(1): 46–55. DOI 10.5070/P538156118.
  16. Gray J.M., 2013. Geodiversity: Valuing and conserving abiotic nature, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc, Chichester.
  17. Gray M., 2018. Geodiversity: The backbone of geoheritage and geoconservation. In Reynard, E., Brilha, J. (eds), Geoheritage. Assessment, Protection and Management. Elsevier, Amsterdam: 13–25. DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-809531-7.00001-0.
  18. Hjort J., Gordon J.E., Gray M., Hunter M.L., 2015. Why geodiversity matters in valuing nature’s stage: Why geodiversity matters. Conservation Biology 29(3): 630–639. DOI 10.1111/cobi.12510.
  19. Hjort J., Luoto M., 2010. Geodiversity of high-latitude landscapes in northern Finland. Geomorphology 115 (1–2): 109–116. DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.039.
  20. Hoxha A., 2021. Influence of the morphodynamic factors on the territory of Albania. International Journal 49(3): 571–576.
  21. Jasiewicz J., Stepinski T.F., 2013. Geomorphons – A pattern recognition approach to classification and mapping of landforms. Geomorphology 182: 147–156. DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.005.
  22. Jenks G.F., 1967. The data model concept in statistical mapping. International Yearbook of Cartography 7: 186–190.
  23. Kraja, D., Albert, G., 2024. Cultural heritage and geodiversity in one place: the Rozafa castle in Albania. In: 9th International Conference on Cartography and GIS. Nessebar, Bulgaria.
  24. Mazzini I., Gliozzi E., Galaty M., Bejko L., Sadori L., Soulié-Märsche I., Koçi R., Van Welden A., Bushati S., 2016. Holocene evolution of Lake Shkodra: Multidisciplinary evidence for diachronic landscape change in northern Albania. Quaternary Science Reviews 136: 85–95. DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.006.
  25. McMaster R., 1997. In memoriam: George F. Jenks (1916-1996). Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 24(1): 56–59. DOI 10.1559/152304097782438764.
  26. Meço, S., Aliaj, S., Turku, I., Bowen, R., 2000. Geology of Albania, Beiträge zur regionalen Geologie der Erde. Gebrüder Borntraeger.
  27. Melelli L., 2014. Geodiversity: A new quantitative index for natural protected areas enhancement. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites 13(1): 27–37, Article no. 13103-142.
  28. Meshi A., Durmishi Ç, Prifti I., Onuzi K., Nazaj S., 2014. Geological transect through the Northern Albanian ophiolites: Stratigraphy, structure and metallogeny. Buletini i Shkencave Gjeologjike 3: 1–28.
  29. Metaj M., 2007. Biodiversity and the protected areas system in Albania. Biodiversity 8(3): 3–10. DOI 10.1080/14888386.2007.9712823.
  30. Milivojević M., Menković L., Ćalić J., 2008. Pleistocene glacial relief of the central part of Mt. Prokletije (Albanian Alps). Quaternary International 190(1): 112–122. DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.04.006.
  31. Pál M., Albert G., 2021. Refinement proposals for geodiversity assessment – A case study in the Bakony–Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark, Hungary. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10(8): 566. DOI 10.3390/ijgi10080566.
  32. Pál M., Albert G., 2023. From geodiversity assessment to geosite analysis – A GIS-aided workflow from the Bakony-Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark, Hungary. In: Kubalíková L., Coratza P., Pál M., Zwoliński Z., Irapta P.N., van Wyk de Vries B. (eds), Visages of Geodiversity and Geoheritage. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 530(1): SP530–2022–2126. DOI 10.1144/SP530-2022-126.
  33. Pellitero R., Manosso F.C., Serrano E., 2015. Mid-and large-scale geodiversity calculation in Fuentes Carrionas (NW Spain) and Serra do Cadeado (Paraná, Brazil): Methodology and application for land management. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 97(2): 219–235. DOI 10.1111/geoa.12057.
  34. Pereira D.I., Pereira P., Brilha J., Santos L., 2013. Geodiversity assessment of Paraná State (Brazil): An innovative approach. Environmental Management 52(3): 541–552. DOI 10.1007/s00267-013-0100-2.
  35. Pešić V., Karaman G., Kostianoy A.G. (eds), 2018. The Skadar/Shkodra Lake environment, Vol. 80. Springer International Publishing. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-99250-1.
  36. Robertson A., Shallo M., 2000. Mesozoic–Tertiary tectonic evolution of Albania in its regional Eastern Mediterranean context. Tectonophysics 316(3–4): 197–254. DOI 10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00262-0.
  37. Scammacca O., Bétard F., Aertgeerts G., Heuret A., Fermet-Quinet N., Montagne D., 2022. Geodiversity assessment of French Guiana: Challenges and implications for sustainable land planning. Geoheritage 14(3): 83. DOI 10.1007/s12371-022-00716-6.
  38. Schmid S.M., Bernoulli D., Fügenschuh B., Matenco L., Schefer S., Schuster R., Tischler M., Ustaszewski K., 2008. The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: Correlation and evolution of tectonic units. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101(1): 139–183. DOI 10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3.
  39. Schmid S.M., Fügenschuh B., Kounov A., Maţenco L., Nievergelt P., Oberhänsli R., Pleuger J., Schefer S., Schuster R., Tomljenović B., Ustaszewski K., Van Hinsbergen D.J.J., 2020. Tectonic units of the Alpine collision zone between Eastern Alps and western Turkey. Gondwana Research 78: 308–374. DOI 10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.005.
  40. Schmitz B., Biermanns P., Hinsch R., Ðaković M., Onuzi K., Reicherter K., Ustaszewski K., 2020. Ongoing shortening in the Dinarides fold-and-thrust belt: A new structural model of the 1979 (Mw 7.1) Montenegro earthquake epicentral region. Journal of Structural Geology 141: 104192. DOI 10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104192.
  41. Serjani A., 2020. Geoheritage and geotourism in Albania. In: Sadry B.N. (ed.), The geotourism industry in the 21st century: The origin, principles, and futuristic approach. Apple Academic Press, New York: 169–188. DOI 10.1201/9780429292798.
  42. Serrano E., Ruiz-Flaño P., 2007. Geodiversity: A theoretical and applied concept. Geographica Helvetica 62(3): 140–147. DOI 10.5194/gh-62-140-2007.
  43. Shuka L., Mullaj A., Hoda P., Kashta L., Miho, A., 2017. Overview of the flora and vegetation of the Albanian Alps – The degree of conservation and threats. In Millaku F., Berisha N. & Krasniqi E. (eds), Book of Abstracts of the FADSVE – 37th Meeting. DOI 10.13140/RG.2.2.23064.70400.
  44. Speranza F., Islami I., Kissel C., Hyseni A., 1995. Paleomagnetic evidence for Cenozoic clockwise rotation of the external Albanides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 129(1–4): 121–134. DOI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)00231-M.
  45. Strahler A.N., 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 38(6): 913–920. DOI 10.1029/TR038i006p00913.
  46. Tukaj M., Ayers J.M., 2002. Faith and fairies: Tales based on Albanian legends and ballads. Shkodër: Skodrinon.
  47. Tukiainen H., Bailey J.J., Field R., Kangas K., Hjort J., 2017. Combining geodiversity with climate and topography to account for threatened species richness. Conservation Biology 31(2): 364–375. DOI 10.1111/cobi.12799.
  48. Van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Torsvik T.H., Schmid S.M., Maţenco L.C., Maffione M., Vissers R.L.M., Gürer D., Spakman W., 2020. Orogenic architecture of the Mediterranean region and kinematic reconstruction of its tectonic evolution since the Triassic. Gondwana Research 81: 79–229. DOI 10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.009.
  49. Vlahović I., Tišljar J., Velić I., Matičec D., 2005. Evolution of the adriatic carbonate platform: Palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220(3–4): 333–360. DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.01.011.
  50. Xhomo A., Dimo LL., Xhafa Z., Nazaj X., Nakuçi V., Yzeiraj D., Lula F., Sadushi P., Shallo M., Vranaj A., Melo V., Kodra A., 2002. Gjeologjia e Shqiperise. Stratigrafia, Magmatizmi, Metamorfizmi, Tektonika, Neotektonika dhe Evolucioni Paleogjeografik dhe Gjeodinamik, 412.
  51. Yamazaki D., Ikeshima D., Tawatari R., Yamaguchi T., O’Loughlin F., Neal J.C., Sampson C.C., Kanae S., Bates P.D., 2017. A high-accuracy map of global terrain elevations. Geophysical Research Letters 44(11): 5844–5853. DOI 10.1002/2017GL072874.
  52. Zdruli P., 2005. Soil survey in Albania. In: Jones R.J.A., Houšková B., Bullock P., Montanarella L. (eds), Soil resources of Europe. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg: 39–44.
  53. Zwoliński Z., Najwer A., Giardino M., 2018. Methods for assessing geodiversity. In: E. Reynard, & J. Brilha (eds.), Geoheritage: Assessment, protection, and management. Elsevier: 27–52. DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-809531-7.00002-2.
  54. Zwoliński Z., Najwer A., Giardino M., 2026. Methods for assessing geodiversity. In: E. Reynard, & J. Brilha (eds.), Geoheritage: Assessment, protection, and management. 2nd Edition, Elsevier: 31–71. DOI 10.1016/B978-0-443-28997-2.00024-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2026-0006 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103
Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 20, 2025
Published on: Dec 16, 2025
Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Related subjects:

© 2025 Drisela Kraja, Gáspár Albert, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

AHEAD OF PRINT